LESSON 23 TEACHER’S GUIDE Forever Green - hmhco.com

Number of Words: 846

L E S S O N 2 3 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

Forever Greenby Carol A. Greenhalgh

Fountas-Pinnell Level PNonfictionSelection SummaryEvergreens are trees that stay green all year long. All evergreens have the same parts—trunk and branches to support them, bark to protect them, and roots to provide water and nutrients. These trees offer shelter and food for various kinds of animal life, as well as wood to make paper, furniture, and other products.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Characteristics of the Text Genre • Nonfi ction

Text Structure • Third-person narrative• Text organized into fi ve chapters with a glossary

Content • Descriptions of types of evergreens• Descriptions of where evergreens live

Themes and Ideas • Evergreens are useful to both people and animals.• Evergreens are one of our most important natural resources.

Language and Literary Features

• Descriptive language

Sentence Complexity • Simple and compound sentences• Dependent clauses

Vocabulary • Many tree-related terms, such as conifer, crown, deciduous, needleleaf, nutrientsWords • Some multisyllable words that may be challenging: bristlecone, chickadees, porcupines,

opportunitiesIllustrations • Photographs and illustrations with captions

Book and Print Features • Table of contents and glossary• Eleven pages of text with section headings

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

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Target Vocabulary

civilized – advanced and having reasonable laws, p. 12

continent – one of the main land masses on earth, p. 13

customs – traditions, p. 12dense – thick, p. 9

evaporate – when liquids become gases, p. 5

independent – not relying on anything, p. 9

moisture – drops of water in the air or on the surface, p. 5

opportunities – chances to do something, p. 13

resources – an available supply, p. 12

shallow – not deep, p. 5

Forever Green by Carol A. Greenhalgh

Build BackgroundHelp students use their knowledge of evergreens to visualize the selection. Build interest by asking questions such as the following: Have you ever seen an evergreen tree? How is it different from a tree that sheds its leaves? Read the title and author and talk about the cover photograph. Explain that evergreen trees are a very important part of the environment.

Introduce the TextGuide students through the text, noting important ideas and nonfi ction features. Help with unfamiliar language so they can read the text successfully. Give special attention to target vocabulary. Here are some suggestions:

Page 2: Explain that the table of contents shows what the book is about and how it is organized. Suggested language: Look at the table of contents. What does it tell you about what you will learn about evergreens?

Page 5: Tell students about the importance of moisture for trees that have shallow roots. Some evergreens have shallow roots. What is the opposite of shallow? Right, it is deep.

Page 9: Point out that captions can give clues about information in the text. Tell students that great basin bristlecone pines are independent. They grow alone rather than in dense groups. Ask: Does the tree in the photograph look old? Why or why not?

Page 10: Read the fi rst sentence on page 10 and draw attention to the photograph and caption at the bottom of the page. Ask: In addition to the reason listed in the caption, how do you think that evergreens might be useful to animals?

Page 12: Read the caption under the photograph. Read the fi rst sentence on page 12. Ask: What kinds of things get made from this wonderful natural resource?

Now, turn back to the beginning to fi nd out more about these amazing trees.

2 Lesson 23: Forever GreenGrade 4© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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ReadHave students read silently while you listen to individual students read aloud. Support their understanding of the text as needed.

Remind students to use the Monitor/Clarify Strategy and to monitor what they do not understand and seek to fi nd ways to understand the information.

Discuss and Revisit the TextPersonal ResponseInvite students to share their personal responses to the text. Suggested language: How do evergreens make a difference in our lives? Did it surprise you to learn that some evergreens are extremely old? Why or why not?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help students understand these points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Evergreen trees don’t shed their leaves in the fall, but over time, they shed leaves and grow new ones.

• Evergreen come in all shapes and sizes.

• Evergreens provide shelter to wildlife and wood to people to make paper and furniture.

• The strength of evergreens allows them to provide shelter for wildlife, even in heavy snows.

• There are a wide variety of evergreens, including the bristlecone pine that can grow in rocks and rough areas and coast redwoods that can grow more than 350 feet tall.

• The author uses diagrams with legends or explanations to help readers understand evergreens.

• The photographs and captions help give readers an idea about what evergreens are like.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for Further Support• Fluency Invite students to participate in choral reading. Remind them to use multiple

sources of information, including language structure, meaning, and fast word recognition, to a support phrasing and fl uency.

• Comprehension Based on your observations of the students’ reading and discussion, revisit parts of the text to clarify or extend comprehension. Remind students to go back to the text to support their ideas.

• Phonics/Word Work Provide practice as needed with words and word parts, using examples from the text. Tell students that the word conifer comes from the word root word cone. Tell students that cone is a word that has multiple meanings. Ask them to come up with two or more meanings for the word cone.



Writing about ReadingVocabulary PracticeHave students complete the Vocabulary questions on BLM 23.1.

RespondingHave students use their Reader’s Notebook to complete the vocabulary activities on page 15. Remind them to answer the Word Teaser on page 16. (Answer: dense)

Reading Nonfi ctionNonfiction Features: Diagrams with legends and labels Remind students that nonfi ction has many features to help readers fi nd and understand important information. Diagrams with labels and legends are one of these features. Diagrams can tell us such things as the parts of a tree, its size, its type, and where it grows. Looking at the diagrams in a nonfi ction book is a good way to preview what the book will be about. Have students look at the diagram on page 8. Ask what information they can learn from the diagram (the difference in evergreen tree heights). Then have students fi nd a section or detail in the book that could be further explained with some type of diagram.

Labels and legends in a diagram help by telling what parts of a diagram mean. On the diagram on page 8, for example, the labels indicate the differences between different evergreen trees. Have students add their own height to this diagram in order to make a comparison with the various trees in the diagram.

Writing Prompt: Thinking About the TextHave students write a response to the prompt on page 6. Remind them that when they think about the text, they refl ect back on the text. They notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

Assessment Prompts• One idea present in the selection is that

__________________________________________.

• On page 4, which words explain what deciduous means?

• The author organizes the selection by

__________________________________________.



Target VocabularyChoose the Target Vocabulary word that best matches the phrase below.

continentcivilizedshallowevaporate

denseindependentopportunities

resourcescustomsmoisture

Vocabulary

Which word describes ...

1. tiny drops of water?

2. an organized society?

3. chances to do things?

4. change from a liquid into a gas?

5. materials that can be used?

6. a very large area of land?

7. closely packed together?

8. activities people in a culture usually perform?

9. not deep?

10. something that is separate from other things?

Target Vocabulary© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Lesson 23B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 3 . 1

Grade 4, Unit 5: Change Is All Around

Forever GreenTarget Vocabulary

3

Name Date

moisture

civilized

opportunities

evaporate

resources

continent

dense

customs

shallow

independent

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First Pass

English Language DevelopmentReading Support Pair advanced and intermediate readers to read the text softly aloud, or use the audio or online text. Or have beginning speakers read the captions.

Idioms The text includes some idioms and phrases that may be unfamiliar. Explain the meaning of 30-story building (p. 7), will snap the branches off (p. 11), and evergreen family (p. 13).

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck student comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your students’ English profi ciency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the student.

Beginning/Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What is this selection about?

Speaker 2: evergreen trees

Speaker 1: What makes evergreen trees different?

Speaker 2: staying green all year round

Speaker 1: What are needleleaf evergreens?

Speaker 2: Evergreens that have needle-like leaves.

Speaker 1: How do evergreens protect wildlife?

Speaker 2: They provide homes and shelter for wildlife.

Speaker 1: What is a crown?

Speaker 2: The crown is the branches and leaves of an evergreen tree.


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Name Date

Forever GreenThinking About the Text

Think about the questions below. Then write your answer in one or two paragraphs.

Remember that when you think about the text, you reflect back on the text. You notice and evaluate language, genre, literary devices, and how the text is organized.

Forever Green gives many details about evergreen trees. In what ways do the diagrams help you understand evergreens? How did the photographs help you understand the great variety of evergreen trees? Which diagram or photo helped you the most or added the most interesting information to the book?



Lesson 23B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 3 . 1

Forever GreenTarget Vocabulary


Target VocabularyChoose the Target Vocabulary word that best matches the phrase below.

continentcivilizedshallowevaporate

denseindependentopportunities

resourcescustomsmoisture

Vocabulary

Which word describes ...

1. tiny drops of water?

2. an organized society?

3. chances to do things?

4. change from a liquid into a gas?

5. materials that can be used?

6. a very large area of land?

7. closely packed together?

8. activities people in a culture usually perform?

9. not deep?

10. something that is separate from other things?

Name Date

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1414

228

Student Date Lesson 23

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 2 3 . 2 3

Forever GreenRunning Record Form

Forever Green • LEVEL P

Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

ˆcat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

3

4

How come the leaves drop off some trees in the fall, but

other trees keep their leaves all winter? This is because there

are actually two kinds of trees. Those that shed their leaves in

the fall are called deciduous (duh-SID-yu-us). Those that don’t

shed their leaves are called evergreen because they always

stay green. Some evergreen trees can keep their leaves for up

to 45 years!

Evergreens are found in many different places. Over time,

evergreens shed some leaves, but they are always growing

new ones at the same time. You may have noticed that the

leaves on some evergreen trees are shaped like needles.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read correctly/106 ×

100)

%

Total Self- Corrections



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LESSON 23 TEACHER’S GUIDE Forever Green - hmhco.com