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Lesson 3: Geologic Time Scale

Unit 1: Exploring Our Earth T. Tomm 2019 http://sciencespot.net

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkxWmh-tFGs

Part A: Use pages 8-10 in the Unit 1 Textbook to complete this

part.

1. According to scientists, Earth formed ____ _______ years ago.

Geologists divide this time span into smaller periods with many of the

divisions marking major _________ in life history, which is recorded

on the __________ _____ ______.

2. Place these blocks of time in order from the longest to the shortest:

eras, epochs, eons, periods

_________ _________ ___________ __________

4.5

BILLION

EVENTS

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

EONS ERAS PERIODS EPOCHS

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3. Answer each question based on the geologic time scale in this lesson.

A. We currently live in the __________________ eon, which means

"_____________ life”.

B. We live in the _____________ Era, which is also called the "Age of

______________"

C. The most recent period is________________, which started ___

million years ago

D. The most recent epoch is _____________.

E. The term "Mesozoic" means ______________. It was divided into

____ different periods.

F. Permian, Mississippian, and Cambrian are periods in the

__________________ era, which means "_____ ______"

PHANEROZOIC VISIBLE

CENOZOIC

MAMMALS

QUATERNARY 1.6

HOLOCENE

MIDDLE LIFE 3

PALEOZOIC OLD LIFE

Are you able to answer all these questions? 1. Where is this rock formation located?

2. How old is it? What is the proof of its age?

3. What type(s) of rock are in it?

4. What types of forces have acted on the rock: tension, compression, shearing, weathering/erosion, other forces?

5. Can you give more information? a) Can you find other pictures of the rock formation (scale or other details)? b) Can you find 3 interesting facts about the rock formation, such as how it

formed, it’s size compared to a human’s height, or # of people who visit it each year?

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Remember – This link has this slide in it if you need to look at the questions again!

Rock Detectives – Part 3 – Work Time

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Your Assignments

1st - Finish the Lesson 3 note worksheet

Complete the front using the textbook AND watch the EDPuzzle video and take notes on the back. You also need to complete the video quiz It will be counted as a grade!

2nd – Write definitions for ALL the words on the vocab page. – Due next Monday by class time!

3rd - Start the new Legends playlist – Three games, no battle quiz – Due next Tuesday by 3:30 PM!

Done? Work on other work or interventions

NOTE : There is only ONE video to watch. Take notes

as you watch the video!

EDPuzzle – Fossil Notes

Amber Cast Clues Fossil fuels Limestone Freezing Hard parts Impression (Imprint) Millions Minerals Mold Paleontology Petrifaction Rapid Burial Sedimentary Rock Sediments Tar Undisturbed

Fossils

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Who’s on

First? Relative Dating Activity

Glue the worksheet on page 53 FAF Left

(under the notes)

https://www.rocksandgemscanada.com/collections/fossils

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How do we know how old rocks or fossils are?

RADIOMETRIC DATING is the use of the natural radioactivity of

certain elements found in rocks to help determine their ABSOLUTE

(or actual) age.

Observations of the rock layers themselves to help determine the

RELATIVE AGE of rock layers. In Earth’s history, we read the layers

from top to bottom. Scientists also look for other clues, such as:

• Type of ROCK in a layer – Layers formed in a MARINE

environment would be sedimentary, while those in areas with

volcanic activity would be IGNEOUS.

• RIPPLE marks – Layer was created was along a shoreline or

riverbed.

• Placement of layer – Lower layers are OLDER than those layers

above it.

• Fossils – Finding INDEX fossils helps scientists determine when

the layer may have been formed based on what ORGANISMS they

find.

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GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE - Scientists use the dating evidence to

establish the scale, which divides the vast amount of earth history into

various sections based on:

• GEOLOGICAL EVENTS - sea encroachments, mountain-

building, and depositional events

• BIOLOGICAL EVENTS - appearance, abundance, or extinction

of certain life forms

Activity 1: Sequence Challenge

Organize the cards from OLDEST to most RECENT.

1st – Look for the card with TC on it. The T & C represent fossils found

in that layer, which is the OLDEST layer in your set.

2nd- Find a card that could go on top of the "TC" card and represents a

layer with fossils YOUNGER than those in the bottom layer.

2nd – Continue sequencing the remaining cards by using the same

process. When you finish, you should have a vertical stack of cards

with the top card representing the youngest fossils of this rock sequence

and the "TC" card at the bottom of the stack representing the oldest

fossils.

3rd – Have your answers checked by the teacher. If you have them all

correct, answer the questions on your worksheet.

OLDEST

YOUNGEST

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Activity 1 Questions

1. How do you know that "X" is older than "M"?

2. Explain why "D" in the rock layer represented

by DM is the same age as "M."

OLDEST

YOUNGEST

TC

CGA

AU

UBN

OXD

DM "X" is older than "M" because it appears in an older rock

strata (the card beneath the "DM" card). "M" is not present in

the card below it in the stack and is, therefore, younger.

Since fossils D and M died and were deposited in the same

rock layer, they both are the same age as the rock layer.

BN NO

Activity 2: Fossil Challenge – What’s the Order

Each card represents a particular rock layer with a collection

of fossils that are found in that particular rock stratum.

The oldest rock layer is marked with a star in the lower left-

hand corner.

Find a rock layer that has at least one of the fossils you found

in the oldest rock layer. This rock layer would be younger as

indicated by the appearance of new fossils in the rock layer.

Keep in mind that extinction is forever. Once an organism

disappears from the sequence it cannot reappear later.

Use this information to sequence the cards in a vertical stack

of fossils in rock strata from OLDEST to YOUNGEST with

the youngest on top.

Have your answers checked by the teacher and then answer

the questions for activity 2.

OLDEST

YOUNGEST

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OLDEST LAYER

YOUNGEST LAYER

How did your team do?

Which fossils helped the most?

Which layers did you have difficulty in sequencing?

OLDEST LAYER

YOUNGEST LAYER

Activity 2 Questions

1) Which fossil organisms could possibly be used as index fossils?

Which ones could not be used as index fossils? Explain using two

examples for each.

The fossils found in only one layer would be the best to use as index fossils.

This would include graptolite, placoderm, ammonite, shark's tooth, and

ichthyosaur.

The fossils that are in more than one layer would NOT be the ones to use as index

fossils. This would include brachiopod, crinoid, eurypterid, foraminifera,

gastropod, horn coral, pelecypod, and trilobite.

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3) How does the Law of Superposition relate to this

activity?

The oldest rock layers will be on the bottom

with successively younger rocks on top.

Your Assignments

1st – Finish writing definitions for ALL the words on the vocab page. – Due next Monday by class time!

2nd – Continue working on the Legends playlist – Scale and Time – Three games, no battle quiz – Due next Tuesday by 3:30 PM!

Done? Work on other homework or interventions

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Piecing Together the Puzzle

On the 1st game of this week’s Legends playlist, you had a challenge to complete different tasks related to scale and time.

Today we are going to put those different pieces together to form our own

Geologic Time Scale.

Yesterday we talked about how scientists used rock strata and index fossils to give us “pieces” of the past.

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Let’s piece together Earth’s history …

We will go to the hallway to the timeline rope – the long rope you saw me putting up on Tuesday. Stand against the wall on the opposite side of the hallway QUIETLY. I will ask for your help in placing cards (labels) on the timeline in the correct place. Pay attention because you will need to remember what you learned for our next activity.

Quick Question: What does “mya” mean?

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Putting Together the Pieces

Glue the “block” page on page 52 4C. Glue sideways as close to the left-hand side as possible!

You will need room to write on the page.

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Cut out the PRECAMBRIAN card.

Glue it in the bottom left-hand corner.

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Cut out the block with the first THREE EONS listed.

Glue it in the box to the right of PRECAMBRIAN TIME.

Find the box for our current EON – PHANEROZOIC.

Glue it in the top left-hand column.

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Where would the other blocks/pieces go?

You may want to use your textbook to help you. DUE MONDAY by the start of class!

Ch

eck

you

r an

swer

s …

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Let

’s a

dd

so

me

even

ts …

Cut apart all the cards and sort from the oldest at the BOTTOM to the most recent at the TOP.

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Glue the OLDEST event at the bottom.

Draw a line to connect it to the correct place on the time scale.

Continue until you add all the events.

You may use the geologic time scale in the hallway to help you if you are QUIET.

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Glue them in order from the oldest at the BOTTOM to most recent at the TOP. Draw arrows to the correct time period OR use another method to code and organize the slips.

Assignments …

Finish adding all the events to your geologic time scale. Work on the Earth’s History playlist on Legends – Due Friday Find something else to do after you are done.

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GREEN = EON

YELLOW = ERA

BLUE = PERIOD

ORANGE = EPOCH

= MOST RECENT

Let’s add to our timescale …

EON ERA PERIOD EPOCH

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EDPuzzle Assignment

AFTER you have added all the events to your time scale AND finished your Legends playlist … Sign into EDPuzzle. Watch the “Brief History of Earth” video. Add information to your timeline and/or notes that will help you answer the video questions. Complete the video quiz as you watch the video, which will count for a grade.

Note Quiz over Lesson 3 on Monday!

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What else has happened?

- Each person needs to find ONE event (older than 10,000 years) to add to the hallway timeline.

Cannot be an event already in the hallway Cannot be an event on the event cards in your notebook. Use the SS Kid Zone Earth Science Links to help you

- Get a card from the front table & markers to make it pretty.

-Write the event on the BLANK SIDE of the card along with the “date”.

- Draw a picture that goes with the event.

- Put your name on the back.

- Show the teacher for a grade and then hang in the hallway.

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Things to do …

- Finish Legends playlist – E-mail the teacher by 3:30 PM when done.

- Finish EDPuzzle (History of Earth video) – Will add grades at the end of the class period

- Start studying for the text next week using the vocab sets on mrstomm.com Assignments

- Find other work to do. Note Quiz over Lesson 3 on Monday! Unit Test next Thursday!

You may listen to music IF

everything above the red

line is done!

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Think About It

Work with a partner to answer all these questions. Be prepared to share with the class. Which EON is the longest? Shortest? How long ago did life begin on Earth? How did living things change from the time life began to present day? In which ERA did modern humans appear? Which came first: marine or terrestrial organisms? Which came first: prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms?

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