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Lesson 4
Anatomy and Physiology
Benign Tumors Lipoma
Benign tumors reach a certain size and then stop growing. Moles, polyps, and lipomas are examples of benign tumors. Some of these can turn into cancers, but lipomas do not.
Benign Tumors Fibroid Uterus
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) are common noncancerous (benign) tumors of the uterus. They grow from the muscular wall of the uterus and are made up of muscle
and fibrous tissue. In some women, uterine fibroids may cause heavy bleeding, pelvic discomfort and pain and create pressure on other organs. These symptoms may require treatment, but not always a hysterectomy.
Benign Tumors Colon (Large intestine/rectal) cancer
Colorectal cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in either the colon or the rectum. The colon and rectum are parts of the body’s digestive system that remove nutrients from food and store waste until it passes out of the
body. Additionally, the colon and primarily the rectum absorb water from ingested materials. Normally, the cells
in the colon and rectum divide in a regulated manner. If cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue called a tumor forms. A tumor
can be benign or malignant. Colon Cancer
Bradycardia What is bradycardia? Abnormally slow heart beat. Less than 60 beats Per minute. Most people’s normal heart rate is between 60-100 beats per minute.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRiNNV94rhs
Carcinoma of the canthus
Cantholysis
Where is the appendix located? Appendix is located at the beginning of the colon. Located toward the tail
End of the colon; hence, colocaudad.
Caudal anesthesia
What is a prolapse? “Cystocele”
Cephalocele
Cheiloplasty
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Y8m96wF4Fw
Cheilosis
A hernia occurs when part of an organ protrudes through a weak point or tear in
the thin muscular wall that holds the abdominal organs in place.
Hernia repair may be recommended for: large bulges through a small hole (increased risk of
incarceration and strangulation) painful hernia Inguinal hernia repair is indicated when
the bulge through the inguinal canal is large or painful.
While the patient is sleepy (sedated) and pain-free (local anesthesia or spinal anesthesia) or deep asleep and pain-free (general anesthesia), an incision is made over the hernia. The bulging
tissue or organ is replaced inside the muscle wall, the muscle tissue is repaired, and the skin is
closed.
Moving and walking is recommended the day of surgery. Small children require no restriction following routine hernia repair. Older children
should avoid body contact sports for at least 3 weeks. The hernia repair is not at risk, but a blow to the incision could burst the skin closure.
Expect complete recovery from surgery in about 2 to 4 weeks. Avoid heavy lifting or straining for several weeks after surgery. Avoid tub baths for at least 5 days after the operation, because soaking will separate the skin tapes and the wound could break open. Sponge bathing for infants
and showering for older children are permitted the day after surgery. The wound tapes should be carefully patted dry after showering.
Aftercare
AVERAGE SALARY 2008 AVERAGE ANESTHESIOLOGIST SALARY: $309,950
In addition to a salary, 25% of respondents receive a bonus or
other incentive valued at more than
$20,000 each year.
Elephantiasis
Elephantiasis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpNkp3zSLdQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNcFktKgWN4
Myringa
Lobectomy
Stenosis of the lumbar region of the spondyla.
Megalovasy/Angiomegaly
Vasectomy
Malignant Melanoma
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yckpsyEwNak