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Lesson 4.3 and 4.4 Proving Triangles are
Congruentp. 212
Learning Target
I can list the conditions (SAS, SSS) to prove triangles are congruent.
I can identify and use reflexive, symmetric and transitive property in my proof.
How To Find if Triangles are Congruent
Two triangles are congruent if they have:
exactly the same three sides and exactly the same three angles.
But we don't have to know all three sides and all three angles ...usually three out of the six is enough.
There are five ways to find if two triangles are congruent: SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS and HL.
1. SSS (side, side, side)
SSS stands for "side, side, side“ and means that we have two triangles with all three sides equal. For example:
is congruent to:
If three sides of one triangle are equal to three sides of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
2. SAS (side, angle, side)
SAS stands for "side, angle, side" and means that we have two triangles where we know two sides and the included angle are equal.
For example:is congruent to:
If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are equal to the corresponding sides and angle of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
3. ASA (angle, side, angle)
ASA stands for "angle, side, angle“ and means that we have two triangles where we know two angles and the included side are equal.
For example:is congruent to:
If two angles and the included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
4. AAS (angle, angle, side)
AAS stands for "angle, angle, side“ and means that we have two triangles where we know two angles and the non-included side are equal.
For example:is congruent to:
If two angles and the non-included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and side of another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
5. HL (hypotenuse, leg)
HL stands for "Hypotenuse, Leg" (the longest side of the triangle is called the "hypotenuse", the other two sides are called "legs")
and
HL applies only to right angled-triangles!
5. HL (hypotenuse, leg) It means we have two right-angled
triangles with the same length of hypotenuse and the same length for one of the other
two legs. It doesn't matter which leg since the
triangles could be rotated. For example:
is congruent to If the hypotenuse and one leg of one right-angled triangle are equal to the corresponding hypotenuse and leg of another right-angled triangle, the two triangles are congruent.
Caution ! Don't Use "AAA" !
AAA means we are given all three angles of a triangle, but no sides.
This is not enough information to decide if two triangles are congruent!
Because the triangles can have the same angles but be different sizes:
For example: is congruent to
Without knowing at least one side, we can't be sure if two triangles are congruent..
Goal 2
You have learned to prove that two triangles are congruent by the definition of congruence – that is, by showing that all pairs of corresponding angles and corresponding sides are congruent.
THEOREM
Theorem 4.4 Properties of Congruent Triangles
Reflexive Property of Congruent Triangles
D
E
F
A
B
C
J K
L
Every triangle is congruent to itself.Symmetric Property of Congruent Triangles
Transitive Property of Congruent Triangles
If , then .ABC DEF DEF ABC
If and , then .JKLABC DEF DEF ABC JKL
Proving Triangles are Congruent
1
Using the SAS Congruence Postulate
Prove that AEB DEC.
2
3 AEB DEC SAS Congruence Postulate
21
AE DE, BE CE Given
1 2 Vertical Angles Theorem
Statements
Reasons
D
GA R
Proving Triangles Congruent
MODELING A REAL-LIFE SITUATION
PROVE DRA DRG
SOLUTION
ARCHITECTURE You are designing the window shown in the drawing. Youwant to make DRA congruent to DRG. You design the window so that DR AG and RA RG.
Can you conclude that DRA DRG ?
GIVEN DR AG
RA RG
2
3
4
5
6 SAS Congruence Postulate DRA DRG
1
Proving Triangles Congruent
GivenDR AG
If 2 lines are , then they form 4 right angles.
DRA and DRGare right angles.
Right Angle Congruence Theorem DRA DRG
GivenRA RG
Reflexive Property of CongruenceDR DR
Statements Reasons
D
GA R
GIVEN
PROVE DRA DRG
DR AG
RA RG
Given: SP QR; QP PRProve SPQ SPR
Q P R
S
Statements Reasons1. Given
1. SP QR; QP PR 2. QPS and RPS are right ’s.
2. Def. of
3. QPS PRS 3. Rt. Thm.
4. SP SP 4. Reflexive POC
5. SPQ SPR 5. SAS Post.
Pair-share
Work on classwork on “Congruence Triangle”
Sage and Scribe on #21 to #24