Chapter 8Chapter 8

The Teachings of IslamThe Teachings of Islam

8.2 ~ Background on 8.2 ~ Background on IslamIslam

1. What does Ummah 1. What does Ummah mean?mean?

Muslims belonged to a single Islamic community called Muslims belonged to a single Islamic community called an ummah. an ummah.

This consisted of many peoples and cultures. This consisted of many peoples and cultures.

2. What is the fraction of the amount 2. What is the fraction of the amount of Muslims living in the world?of Muslims living in the world?

It is the second largest religion in the world after It is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity. Christianity.

1 out of 5 people in the world are Muslim. (1/5)1 out of 5 people in the world are Muslim. (1/5)

3. Islam, Christianity and Judaism all 3. Islam, Christianity and Judaism all trace their origins to which prophet?trace their origins to which prophet?

These three religions all trace their origins back to These three religions all trace their origins back to ABRAHAM. ABRAHAM.

4. How is the Qur’an different from 4. How is the Qur’an different from the Bible of Torah?the Bible of Torah?

Muslims believe that the Bible and the Torah are Muslims believe that the Bible and the Torah are used as a source of guidance for people. used as a source of guidance for people.

Muslims believe that the Qur’an was the FINAL Muslims believe that the Qur’an was the FINAL book from God and how he wants his followers to act book from God and how he wants his followers to act and worship. and worship.

8.3~The Qur’an and 8.3~The Qur’an and the Sunnahthe Sunnah

What is the difference What is the difference between the Qur’an & the between the Qur’an & the

Sunnah?Sunnah?The Qur’an is Islam’s sacred book and The Qur’an is Islam’s sacred book and considered to be the words of God considered to be the words of God (Allah). (Allah).

The Sunnah is the example set by The Sunnah is the example set by Muhammad...think of it as Muhammad’s Muhammad...think of it as Muhammad’s words. words.

Qur’anQur’an

SunnahSunnah

2. How do Muslims show their 2. How do Muslims show their respect for the Qur’an? respect for the Qur’an?

They do not let the book touch the ground They do not let the book touch the ground or get dirty. Most Muslims memorize all or get dirty. Most Muslims memorize all or part of the Qur’an. or part of the Qur’an.

3. How are hadith related to the 3. How are hadith related to the Sunnah? Sunnah?

The Sunnah are Muhammad’s actual The Sunnah are Muhammad’s actual words and deeds. words and deeds.

The Hadith are examples (reports) of The Hadith are examples (reports) of what people have witnessed Muhammad what people have witnessed Muhammad doing. doing.

First Pillar: First Pillar: ShahadahShahadah

(Profession of Faith)(Profession of Faith)

Three Characteristics of ShahadahThree Characteristics of Shahadah““There is no god but God, and Muhammad There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God.”is the messenger of God.”

Allah is one, all-powerful God who Allah is one, all-powerful God who created the universe. created the universe.

Muslims believe that all three of these Muslims believe that all three of these religions worship the same God. religions worship the same God.

The Second Pillar: The Second Pillar: Salat (Daily Salat (Daily

Worship)Worship)

Three Characteristics of SalatThree Characteristics of Salat

Muslims pray five times a day, wherever Muslims pray five times a day, wherever they are. they are.

Muslims pray toward Makkah (Mecca). Muslims pray toward Makkah (Mecca).

They must perform ritual washings of They must perform ritual washings of their hands, face, arms and feet. their hands, face, arms and feet.

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Prayer Beads: used Prayer Beads: used in reciting God’s in reciting God’s characteristics. characteristics.

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Rugs: for kneeling Rugs: for kneeling onon

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Mosques: Muslim Mosques: Muslim house of worshiphouse of worship

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Qibla: direction of Qibla: direction of MakkahMakkah

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Muezzins: call Muezzins: call others to prayerothers to prayer

What do beads, rugs, What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, mosques, the qibla,

muezzins, and imams muezzins, and imams have to do with have to do with

worship?worship?

Imams: prayer Imams: prayer leadersleaders

The Third Pillar: The Third Pillar: Zakat (Almsgiving)Zakat (Almsgiving)

Three Characteristics of ZakatThree Characteristics of Zakat

pays for orphanages, hospitals, soup pays for orphanages, hospitals, soup kitchens, and clothing and shelter for the kitchens, and clothing and shelter for the poor. poor.

They give about one 2.5% surplus wealth They give about one 2.5% surplus wealth and possessions to the poor.and possessions to the poor.

It pays debts for the poor and helps It pays debts for the poor and helps stranded travelers. stranded travelers.

The Fourth Pillar: The Fourth Pillar: Siyam (Fasting)Siyam (Fasting)

Three Characteristics of SiyamThree Characteristics of Siyam

Siyam is daily fasting during Ramadan which is Siyam is daily fasting during Ramadan which is the ninth month of Islamic calendar. the ninth month of Islamic calendar.

Muslims do not eat or drink between sunrise and Muslims do not eat or drink between sunrise and sunset. sunset.

The end of Ramadan is celebrated with prayers, The end of Ramadan is celebrated with prayers,

special foods, and exchange of gifts, special foods, and exchange of gifts, and giving to and giving to the poor. (eid al-fitr)the poor. (eid al-fitr)

The Fifth Pillar: Hajj The Fifth Pillar: Hajj (Pilgrimage)(Pilgrimage)

Three Characteristics of HajjThree Characteristics of Hajj

The hajj promotes fellowship and equality.The hajj promotes fellowship and equality.

They wear simple white clothing. They wear simple white clothing.

They travel along a passage between two small hills, as They travel along a passage between two small hills, as Hagar did when she searched for water. They camp in Hagar did when she searched for water. They camp in tents at Mina, pray at the plain of Arafat, and some tents at Mina, pray at the plain of Arafat, and some climb Mount Arafat. Before leaving Makkah, they climb Mount Arafat. Before leaving Makkah, they circle the Ka’ba seven MORE times. circle the Ka’ba seven MORE times.

Jihad Jihad (Struggle)(Struggle)

1. What is Jihad?1. What is Jihad?

Jihad gives Muslims a way to respond Jihad gives Muslims a way to respond positively to external and internal positively to external and internal challenges. challenges.

What is the “lesser What is the “lesser jihad”?jihad”?

The “lesser jihad” relates to the external The “lesser jihad” relates to the external struggle against oppression, the outer struggle against oppression, the outer battle. battle.

What is the “greater What is the “greater jihad”?jihad”?

The “greater jihad” is the fight against The “greater jihad” is the fight against all evil within oneself. To get an education all evil within oneself. To get an education is a “greater jihad”. is a “greater jihad”.

Shari’ah: Islamic Shari’ah: Islamic LawLaw

What is shari’ah and how did it What is shari’ah and how did it develop? develop?

Shari’ah is the main part of the Islamic law based on Shari’ah is the main part of the Islamic law based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah. It guides Muslims in the Qur’an and the Sunnah. It guides Muslims in their personal behavior. It was developed by caliphs and their personal behavior. It was developed by caliphs and scholars who used the Qur’an and the Sunnah to solve scholars who used the Qur’an and the Sunnah to solve problems that arose. problems that arose.

What values does shari’ah What values does shari’ah promote?promote?

It promotes obedience to the Qur’an and respect for It promotes obedience to the Qur’an and respect for others. others.

What are three examples of What are three examples of behaviors that shari’ah regulates?behaviors that shari’ah regulates?

Muslims may not:Muslims may not:

eat porkeat pork

drink alcoholdrink alcohol

gamblegamble

They must dress modestlyThey must dress modestly

How has shari’ah changed over the How has shari’ah changed over the years?years?

Western codes of law have replaced or supplemented Western codes of law have replaced or supplemented shari’ah in many Muslim countries. Shari’ah continues shari’ah in many Muslim countries. Shari’ah continues to develop in response to modern ways of life. to develop in response to modern ways of life.

First Pillar ~ Profession of Faith (‘There is no First Pillar ~ Profession of Faith (‘There is no god, but God and Muhammad is the messenger of god, but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God”)God”)

Second Pillar ~ Prayer (5 times a day...face Second Pillar ~ Prayer (5 times a day...face towards Mecca:Ka’ba.towards Mecca:Ka’ba.

Third Pillar ~ Almsgiving (Charity to the Third Pillar ~ Almsgiving (Charity to the Poor)Poor)

Fourth Pillar ~Fasting ~ Ramadan (can’t Fourth Pillar ~Fasting ~ Ramadan (can’t eat/drink from sunrise to sunset)eat/drink from sunrise to sunset)

Fifth Pillar ~ Hajj ~ Pilgrimage to Mecca Fifth Pillar ~ Hajj ~ Pilgrimage to Mecca (Ka’ba)(Ka’ba)