Lesson Overview Lesson Overview What Is Science? Chapter 1 The Science of Biology

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?

Chapter 1Chapter 1The Science of The Science of

BiologyBiology


• What is science?

• What are the goals of science?


Science as a Way of Knowing – Science is an organized way of

gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?Scientific Methodology:

The Heart of Science – What is the scientific method?


OBSERVATION• The act of

noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses.


“BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD”

• Ask Questions• Make Predictions

and Form a Hypothesis (statement that is tested)


“BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD”• Confirm Predictions with

Controlled Experiments– Experiment – a planned

procedure to test a hypothesis– Control Group – receives no

experimental treatment– Independent Variable – factor

that is varied– Dependent Variable – variable

that is measured


“BASIC SCIENTIFIC METHOD”• Draw

Conclusions• Publish Results


THEORY• A set of related

hypotheses that have been tested and confirmed many times.

• Theories allow scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations


Science and Society– What is the relationship between science

and society?

– Using science involves understanding its context in society and its limitations.

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?Understanding and Using

Science – Understanding biology will help you

realize that we humans can predict the consequences of our actions and take an active role in directing our future and that of our planet.


• What is Biology?

• The study of life


Characteristics of Living Things– What characteristics do all living things share?

– Living things are: 1.made up of basic units called cells2.are based on a universal genetic code3.obtain and use materials and energy4.grow and develop5.Reproduce6.respond to their environment7.maintain a stable internal environment8.change over time

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?Characteristics of Living

Things– Living things are made up of one or

more cells—the smallest units considered fully alive.

• Cells can grow, respond to their surroundings, and reproduce.


Characteristics of Living Things

– Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

– All organisms store the complex information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a genetic code written in a molecule called DNA.

– That information is copied and passed from parent to offspring and is almost identical in every organism on Earth.


Things– Living things obtain and use material

and energy to grow, develop, and reproduce.

• The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials is called metabolism.



– Living things grow and develop.



– Living things reproduce, which means that they produce new similar organisms.

– Most plants and animals engage in sexual reproduction, in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.

– Other organisms reproduce through asexual reproduction, in which a single organism produces offspring identical to itself.



– Living things respond to their environment.

• A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds.

• For example, some plants can produce unsavory chemicals to ward off caterpillars that feed on their leaves.


Things– Living things maintain a relatively

stable internal environment, even when external conditions change dramatically.

• All living organisms expend energy to keep conditions inside their cells within certain limits. This is called homeostasis.


Things– Over generations, groups of organisms

evolve, or change over time. • Evolutionary change links all forms of life to a

common origin more than 3.5 billion years ago.

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?Performing Biological

Investigations– How is the metric system important in

science?

– Most scientists use the metric system when collecting data and performing experiments.

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview What Is Science?What Is Science?Scientific Measurement: Common Metric Units

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Lesson Overview Lesson Overview What Is Science? Chapter 1 The Science of Biology