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Lesson Plan
GLE Physical Science
22. Predict the kind of bond that will form between two elements based on electronic structure and electronegativity of the elements (e.g., ionic, polar, nonpolar) (PS-H-C5).
24. Describe the influence of intermolecular forces on the physical and chemical properties of covalent compounds (PS-H-C5).
Essential Questions
1. How is the bonding in molecular compounds different from the bonding in ionic compounds?
2. What factors affect molecular properties?
Objectives
1. What information does a molecular formula provide?
2. What representative units define molecular compounds and ionic compounds?
Do Now 1. How many valence electrons are transferred from the nitrogen atom to potassium in the formation of the compound potassium nitride? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3
2. Alloys are important because
a. their properties are superior to their component elements.
b. they never corrode.
c. they are less expensive to produce than their component elements.
d. their properties are a blend of their component elements.
3. Which of the following particles are free to drift in metals?
a. protons b. electrons c. neutrons d. cations
4. What is the basis of a metallic bond?
a. the attraction of metal ions to mobile electrons
b. the attraction between neutral metal atoms
c. the neutralization of protons by electrons
d. the attraction of oppositely charged ions
Molecular Compounds
1 Unlike ionic compounds, molecular compounds do not transfer electrons.
H20 N2
F2
Cl2 N2O
CO2
O2
Covalent Bond
2 A covalent bond hold atoms together and is formed by sharing of electrons between the atoms.
[Na+][Cl-]
Ionic Bonding [Na+]
Metallic Bonding
e-
e-
e-
e-
O=O Covalent Bonding
Diatomic Molecule
4 Diatomic molecule that contains two atoms of the same element.
Example: O2, H2, N2, Cl2, etc.
Molecular Compound
5 A molecule that contains atoms of different elements is called a molecular compound.
Example: H2O, CO2, NO2, etc.
Molecular Formula
5 A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a substance contains.
Example:
H2O contains 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1Oxygen atom
atoms of different elements H2O
Molecular Representations
Glucose Molecule C6H12O6
Molecular Formula
Structural Formula
Ball-and-stick molecular model
Space-filling molecular model
Perspective drawings
Notes u A covalent bond hold atoms together and is formed by sharing of
electrons between the atoms.
u A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
u Diatomic molecule that contains two atoms of the same element.
Example: O2, H2, N2, Cl2, etc.
u A molecule that contains atoms of different elements is called a molecular compound. Ex: H2O, CO2, NO2, etc.
u A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a substance contains. Ex: H2O contains 2H and 1O atoms
Molecular v Ionic Compounds
Features Molecular Compounds Ionic Compounds
1. Composition
2. Representation
3. Physical State
4. Melting & Boiling Points
Graphic Organizer Leave at least 4 lines for each feature
Molecular compounds are mostly composed of nonmetals.
Ionic compounds are composed of a metal and a nonmetal.
Molecular v Ionic Compounds
6
Molecular v Ionic Compounds
7 Molecular compounds are represented by a molecular formula.
Ionic compounds are represented by a formula unit.
H2O
NaCl CO2
Molecular v Ionic Compounds
8 Molecular compounds tend to be gases or liquids at room temperature.
Ionic compounds tend to be solids.
Molecular Compounds Carbon dioxide gas Nitrogen gas Chlorine gas
Ionic Compounds Sodium chloride Copper sulfate Iron Oxide
Molecular v Ionic Compounds
9 Molecular compounds have lower MPs and BPs. Ionic compounds have higher MPs and BPs. MP = Melting point BP = Boiling point
Sodium chloride Solid White 801 1143
Quick Practice 1
1. Covalent compounds are formed between a. two metals. b. two metalloids.
c. a metal and a nonmetal. d. two nonmetals.
2. Covalent compounds generally tend to have a. high boiling points but low melting points.
b. low boiling points but high meting points. c. low boiling and melting points.
d. high boiling and melting points.
3. The substance CO2 is a a. molecular compound. b. ionic compound. c. diatomic molecule. d. atomic compound.
Quick Practice 2
4. The substance C2H5OH contains a. 1 atom of Carbon, 2 atoms of Hydrogen, and 5 atoms of Oxygen. b. 1 atom of Carbon, 5 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atoms of Oxygen. c. 2 atoms of Carbon, 6 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atom of Oxygen. d. 2 atoms of Carbon, 5 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atom of Oxygen.
Exit Ticket 1. Covalent compounds are formed between
a. two metals. b. two metalloids.
c. a metal and a nonmetal. d. two nonmetals.
2. Covalent compounds generally tend to have
a. high boiling points but low melting points. b. high boiling & melting points.
c. low boiling points but high meting points. d. low boiling & melting points.
3. The substance CO2 is a
a. molecular compound. b. ionic compound.
c. diatomic molecule. d. atomic compound.
4. The substance C2H5OH contains
a. 1 atom of Carbon, 2 atoms of Hydrogen, and 5 atoms of Oxygen.
b. 1 atom of Carbon, 5 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atoms of Oxygen.
c. 2 atoms of Carbon, 6 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atom of Oxygen.
d. 2 atoms of Carbon, 5 atoms of Hydrogen, and 1 atom of Oxygen.
5. Draw a particle diagram of molecular oxygen.