Lesson Six

Sporting spirit

• T: Listen to the passage (or read it silently) and answer this question:

• How does the writer describe sport at the international level?

• What effect do people say sport has on international relations?

• What do some people say would happen, if only the common people could meet one another to play sports? How does George Orwell react to these ideas?

• What does he say international sporting contests lead to?

• What concrete example does he quote to support this idea?

• What does he say one could deduce from general principles?

• What do nearly all sports practiced today have in common?

• How do you play in competitive sports? • What happens to the game if you don’t do your

utmost to win? • Where (in Britain) can you play simply for the f

un and exercise? • Why is this possible on the village green? • What happens when the question of prestige aris

es? • Anyone who has played even in a school footbal

l match knows this, don’t they?

• What do people fear about losing? • What does Orwell believe sport is at the internati

onal level? • Which is more significant, the players’ behavior

or the spectators’ attitude? • Who do the spectators represent? • How do the nations behave in regard to such con

tests? • What is Orwell’s view of such contests? • When the contests are going on, how do nations

treat them?

• Amaze vt. --- fill with great surprise or wonder 使惊讶

• You amaze me!

• I was amazed at the news.

• competitive adj. 竞争性的• competitive price 具有竞争性的

价格• Compete v. 竞争 , 比赛• Competition n. 竞争 , 比赛• Competitor n. 竞争者 , 比赛选手• Competence n. 能力

patriotism

patriotic adj

patriot .n. 爱国者

• disgrace- loss of respect, favour, reputation

• Eg: A man who commits a crime and is sent to prison brings disgrace on himself and his family.

• There need be no disgrace in being poor.• Be in disgrace: He told a lie and is in disgrace.• Adj. disgraceful: disgraceful behaviour • Adv. Disgracefully: to behave disgracefully

一组表示丢脸的词 Disgrace 使…蒙羞

Make sb. feel ashamed 使… 羞愧

Bring shame on sb 给…带来羞耻• Shame /humiliate sb 羞辱某人

• sth is degrading 令人羞耻的• It is so degrading to have to ask for

money.

savage ： in a primitive or uncivilized state eg. A savage customs.

savage ： fierce , cruel: eg. a savage dog

savage ： very angrya savage person, esp a member of a primitiv

e tribe living by hunting and fishing

一组表示“…级”的介词短语At the school level

• At the local level

• At the national level

• At the municipal level 市级的

arouse ： awaken 引起 / 唤醒

• sufferings that aroused our sympathy 引起我们同情的痛苦behavior that might arouse suspicion

• Arouse sb from his sleep 把某人从睡梦中唤醒

• significant- having a special or suggestive meaning; important

• 有特殊意义的， 重大的， 重要的

Significance/ signify

Virtue: goodness or excellence Patience is a virtue. Is patriotism always a virtue?By virtue of/ in virtue of=by reason of; because of

• deduce :arrive at (knowledge, a theo

ry etc.) by reasoning; reach a conclu

sion

• 推断出 ···

• eg :If you saw a doctor leaving a house, you might deduce the fact that someone in the house was ill.

• deduce from 从 ··· 中推断出 ···

• The police deduced the exact spot

where the murder took place from

a few abandoned items scattered a

round.

• 他很擅长推理 / 推断• He is good at deduction.

• Deduction ， n.

• work oneself into furies work: 使逐渐进入某种状态He worked himself into a temper. 他越憋火气越大。

They are gradually working round to our point of view.他们逐渐赞同了我们的观点。

fury: n.violent excitement, esp. angerin the fury of battle 激战中She was in one of her furies. 她在发怒中。He flew into a fury when I refused to lend him the money. 当我拒绝借钱给他时，他勃然大怒。What a little fury she is ！她真是个小泼妇。

表示逻辑论证层次的介词短语• On the village green• In a school football match • At football or cricket

• At the international level

一组 side 的词组 • Pick up sides 随意组队

Change sides 改变立场Be on one’s side

• Fight on the Republican side

• be on the winning side

• Have experience/ youth on your side 有年轻的优势

if only

1) 只要， 真实条件句

We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united

• 2 ）如果，非真实条件句• If only she had had more money, she

would have bought some more new clothes.

if only

要是 ··· 就 ··· ，但愿 ··· 虚拟语气，表惋惜， 愿望等

If only they were still alive!

• If only you had come five minutes earlier!

• only if （只有当 ··· 时）• We are sure you will succeed if only yo

u try hard.

一组形近词 Arise vi （ to happen ）出现， 发生

Should the opportunity arise, I’d love to go to China.

• Rise vi 增加， 上升

• The price of the pork rose from 7 yuan last year to 15 yuan now.

一组形近词 raise vt （ to bring up; to awaken ）唤起，提出

A number of important issues were raised at the conference.

• arise vi (to result, issue) 出现， 发生

• Are there any matters arising from (caused by) the last meeting?

一组形近词 Rouse vt （ to wake sb up; ）唤醒

A persistent ringing roused Christina

From a pleasant dream.• Arouse (to cause sb to have a particular feeling) 激起

• It is a subject which has aroused a lot of interest.

Arouse

arouse hostility 激起敌对情绪

arouse suspicion 激起怀疑

• arouse anger 激起愤怒

• arouse resentment 激起愤恨