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Lesson XVII. Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives. arma , armorum (n.). arms, weapons. auxilium , auxili (n.). aid, help. bellum, belli (n.). war. concordia , concordiae (f.). harmony. nuntius , nunti (m.). messenger. causa , causae (f.). cause, reason, case. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“SUM”
• “Sum” is the “to be” verb.• Like other languages, including English, “sum”
is an irregular verb in Latin.• SUM, ESSE, FUI, FUTURUS: to be
Future Tense of “Sum”: EROtext p. 127 (1st chart)
Singular Plural
ero I will be erimus we will beeris you will be eritis y’all will beerit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be
These are stand-alone words, not
endings.
“ERO” in action!
• Nauta ero.• Erit servus.• Eris agricola bonus.
• Erunt laeti (happy).• Numerus erit parvus.
• Victoria erit grata.
• I will be a sailor.• He will be a slave.• You will be a good
farmer.• They will be happy.• The number will be
small.• Victory will be pleasing.
Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUItext p. 127 (2nd chart)
Singular Plural
fui I have been,was fuimus we have been, were
fuisti you have been, were fuistis y’all have been, were
fuit he/she/ it has been, was fuerunt they have been, were
sum, esse, fui, futurus: to beDrop the “i” and add the perfect endings like
we learned for other verbs.
“FUI” in action!
• Nauta fui.
• Fuit servus.
• etc.
• I have been (was) a sailor.
• He has been (was) a slave.
Things to Take Away With You…
• The verb “to be” has future and perfect tenses.
• Future tense: “ero” (already learned in class)• Perfect tense: “fui” (uses perfect tense
endings already learned in class) • Learn both charts!
Infinitivesp. 128 text
• An infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it
• to carry, to tell, to love, to hurry…• Remember: “TO infinity (-ive)…”
Using Infinitives
• In Latin, infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb.
• Infinitives end in –re.• amo, amare: to love• porto, portare: to carry• doceo, docere: to teach
Using Infinitives
• Infinitives can be used as subjects.• Docere est gratum. To teach is pleasing.• Habere amicos est bonum. To have friends is
good. (It’s good to have friends.)
Using Infinitives
• Infinitives can be used as objects.• Puella pupas portare amat. The girl likes to
carry dolls.• Cibum parare debet. He ought to prepare
food.
Things to Take Away With You…
• Infinitives are translated “to (verb)”• Infinitives are the 2nd part of a Latin verb.• Latin infinitives are recognized by their –re
ending.