Lesson13—Blueprint for Success BT L EW E Part Four ENTER

Lesson13—Blueprint for Success

B T L EW E

Part FourPart Four

ENTER


B T L EW E

I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III. Word Building

Language Language StudyStudy


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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. assault

2. charity

3. contract

4. distribute

5. dubious

6. dwell

7. jolt

8. peek

9. plea

10. summon

11. tap

12. veteran

13. vow

14. yearn


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

1. assaultn. violent and sudden attack

Examples:

They made an assault on the enemy’s positions. 他们突袭了敌人的阵地。

The town was taken by assault. 城镇被强行攻占。


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. charity

n. a. willingness to judge other persons with kindness 宽厚；仁慈 b. help, money, food, etc. given to the poor 救济；施舍 c. (pl.) an organization that gives help to the poor 慈善团体Examples:

judge other people with charity 宽厚待人live on/ off charity leave all one’s money to charities

adj. charitable

Word Formation


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3. contract

n. binding agreement between persons, groups, states 合同；契约 Examples:

enter into/make a contractsign a contractbreach of a contractconditions of a contract

n. contractor

To be continued on the next page.

Word Formation


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v. to make or become smaller or shorterExample:

Metals contract as they become cool.

adj. contractible

n. contraction

Word Formation


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4. distribute

v. a. to give out; to hand out b. to spread

Examples:

distribute pictures among children

distribute magazines to subscribers

distribute manure over a field

cf.contributeattribute

n. distribution



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contribute

v. a. to join with others in giving help, money, etc. 捐赠；捐助

b. to help to cause or produce 有助于；促成

Examples:

contribute food and clothing for the refugees

contribute to the Red Cross

Exercises contribute to one’s health.

Drinking contributed to his ruin.



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attribute 　　　　　　 n. 属性；性质；本性 v. 归于；归因于

Examples:

Politeness is an attribute of a gentleman.

This comedy is attributed to Shakespeare.

He attributes his success to hard work.


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5. dubious

adj. a. (of persons) feeling doubt b. (of persons or things) causing doubt

Examples:I feel dubious of/about his honesty.I feel dubious as to what to do next.He is a dubious character.The result is still dubious. 结果仍未确定。


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6. dwell

v. a. (fml.) to live b. to think, speak or write at length about 细思；详述

Examples: dwelling house/dwelling place 住宅 /住处He dwelt too much on/upon his past.

他过于详细地叙述了他的过去。

n. dwelling

Cf.inhabitreside



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I.I. Word StudyWord Studydwell: 表示居住在某地，更具文学色彩

We visited the wise man who dwelt in the mountains.

inhabit: 表示某个群体生活在某个地域，较为正式There are still some tribes who inhabit the tropical forests.In ancient times, Shanghai was a village, inhabited by some fishermen.

reside: 表示居住于某一个地方，更多地指某人、某家庭固定的或法律意义上的住所，较为正式

reside abroadThe defendant resides at 8, Huashan Road.



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dwell—dweller

inhabit—inhabitant

reside—resident

dwell—dwelling

inhabit—inhabitation

reside—residence


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7. jolt

v. to give a jerk to; (of a vehicle) to move along by jerksn. jerk; sudden shake; (fig.) surprise; shock

Examples:The old bus jolted us as it went over the stony

road.The bus jolted along.The unexpected news gave them a jolt.I jotted down his name and address.

cf. jot


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8. peek

v. to look at sth. quickly, esp. sth. you are not supposed to see ； to peep 窥视；偷看

Examples:have a peek at sb.have a quick peek over the fence

cf.gazeglarepeergapestare



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I.I. Word StudyWord Studygaze: 长时间的凝视，常带有惊讶、赞美、迷恋之意

He gazed out of the train window during his trip to Chicago.

glare: 怒目而视，强调敌意或畏惧The two boxers stood glaring at each other.

peer: 细看，定睛注视，往往是透过某种障碍物看清某物Near-sighted people often peer at you when they are not wearing glasses.

gape: 目瞪口呆地看He gaped in astonishment at the scene.

stare: 睁大眼睛注视，带有惊讶、赞美、恐惧或粗鲁、无礼之意The children stood staring at the strangely dressed tourist.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. plea

n. a. (legal) statement made by or for a person charged in a law court 辩护 b. an eager or serious request 恳求 c. reason or excuse offered for wrongdoing or failure to do sth. 辩解；借口

Examples:pleas for mercy 恳求慈悲on the plea of ill health 以健康不佳为借口

Word Formation

v. plead



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plead

vt. plead a client’s case 为一当事人的案子辩护plead ignorance 以不知道情况为借口

vi. plead for sb.plead with sb. for mercyHe pleaded with his son to be less trouble to his mother.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 10. summon

v. a. to demand the presence of; to call or send for 召唤；召集 b. to gather together 聚集

Examples:summon shareholders to a general meeting

召集股东大会summon sb. to appear as a witness

传唤某人出庭作证summon up one’s courage/energy for a task


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11. tap

n. faucetv. a. to draw out liquid from the tap b. to obtain sth. from sb. or sth. 发掘；开发 Examples:

turn on/off the tap

tap the maples

tap the natural resources

tap the production potential

Cf.tap (2)_



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tap

n. quick light blow v. to give a tap

Examples:a tap on the window/at the doortap dancing 踢踏舞tap a man on the shoulder


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12. veteran

n. person who has had much or long experience, esp. as a soldier adj. experienced

Examples:a veteran in battle 身经百战的老战士a veteran of the Red Army 　老红军a veteran worker/teacher


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13. vow

n. solemn promise v. to promise solemnly

Examples:

perform a vow

break a vow

He vowed to avenge the insult.

She vowed never to speak to him again.


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14. yearn

v. to have a strong desire for sth.

Examples:

He yearned for a sight of the old faces.

He yearned to return to his native land.

n. yearning

The end of Word Study.

Word Formation


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List:

1. at cost

2. give sth./sb. away

3. go for

4. lay out

5. leave out

6. other than

7. make… difference

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions


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at the price that sth. is made or produced without gaining a profitExamples:

He sold his house at cost. 以成本价The passer-by saved the child from drowning, but only at the cost of his own life. 以 ······ 为代价We must arrive there at all costs before midnight. 不惜任何代价I know it to my cost. 吃了苦头之后才 ······

1. at cost


cf.

at the cost of

at all costs

to one’s cost


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a. to give freely, not expecting anything in return 赠送 b. to distribute 分发；分配 c. to allow sb. else to have 放弃（机会）等 d. to reveal, intentionally or unintentionally 有意或无意地泄露Examples:

He gave away all his money to the poor.He was invited to attend the closing ceremony of the tournament and give away the prizes.You’ve given away a good chance of winning the match.His accent gave him away.

2. give sth./sb. away



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a. to go to fetch b. to attack c. to strive for; to aim at d. to be applicable toExamples:

Please go for the tools.

They went for him in the newspapers.

We are going primarily for promotion of friendship, not just for the championship.

What I have said about Bob goes for you, too.

3. go for



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a. to spread out for use or so as to be seen easily b. to arrange; to design c. to spend or invest (money)Examples:

The exhibits were laid out in good taste.The gardens are beautifully laid out.You should lay out your money in a planned way.They laid themselves out to make the reception a success. 竭尽全力做某事

4. lay out


cf.lay oneself out

to do sth.


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a. to omit b. to fail to consider

Examples:When you copy this document, be careful not to leave out a single word.We left out the possibility of his coming.

我们没有考虑到他会来。

5. leave out



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a. except for 除外 b. in a different way 不同于；非Examples:

All parts of the bike other than the brakes are in good condition.He is no other person than Jack.The truth is quite other than what you think.I borrowed some books other than novels.

6. other than



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make a/some/no/any/ not much/ a great deal of difference: to be of some/no, etc. importance

Examples:

It won’t make much difference whether you

go today or tomorrow.

Does that make any difference?

That makes no difference to me.

7. make... difference


The end of Phrases and Expressions.


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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

List:1. Prefix—dis-

2. Root—tribut, mut

3. Conversion


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distributedistribute

disallow

disapprove

dishonest

disbelief

discharge

disconnect

discolor

discontinue

prefix

dis-: 否定；分开

不允许

不赞成

不诚实的

不相信

卸货

分离

使褪色

中止


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distributedistributeroot

tribut: 交给

attribute

contribute

distribute

retribution

tribute

tributary

redistribute

把 ······ 归因于

贡献；捐助

分发；分配

报应；报酬

贡金；礼物

进贡的；支流的

再分配



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commutecommuteroot

mut(a) : 变

commute

commutable

mutable

mutability

immutable

permute

transmute

变换；通勤

可以变化的

可变的；无常的

可变性

不可改变的

变更；取代

使转变；使变形

Examples



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Examples:The imprisonment is commutable by a fine.

拘留可代之以罚款。She was mutable in new wishes.

她的愿望常有变化。Her failure was due to the mutability of

purpose. 她的失败原因在于目标无常。They failed to transmute this metal into gold.

他们想把这种金属炼成黄金，结果失败了。



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Conversion: a word-formation process whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.


The end of Word Building.

net

face

trap

tap

hammer

blossom

flower

balloon

net strawberries

face dangers

trap a fox

tap a maple tree

hammer a nail in a wood

Cherry-trees began to blossom.

The idea flowered elsewhere.

Figures ballooned.


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Lesson13—Blueprint for Success BT L EW E Part Four ENTER