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Climate Change
Biodiversity Conservation
Empowered lives.Resilient nations.
Govt. of IndiaMinistry of Environment, Forest
& Climate Change
Andra Pradesh
Country Program ManagerGEF UNDP Small Grants ProgrammeCEE Delhi.C-40 South Extension-II,New Delhi-110049Ph.: 011-26262878-80Email : [email protected] [email protected]
Praja Pragathi Seva Sangham (PPSS)D/No.21/357-1, Janasakthi Nagar, Bhaskarapuram, Machilipatnam � 521001, Krishna District.Andhra Pradesh, INDIA Ph: 08672 224745, 224505Mobile: 09440173615Email: [email protected] [email protected]
Regional Co-ordinator'Kamala Mansion', 143 Infantry Road,Bangalore - 560 001Tel: 080 - 2869094, 2869907, 2862167Fax: 080 � 2868209Email: [email protected] [email protected]
saplings was done once in 2 months to get uniform size of saplings. The bags used for planting materials were shifted as per height of the mangroves species. The NGO was guided that next time more than 50,000 saplings need to be raised every season and more of the Ponna (Rhizophora) and Tella mada (Avicennia marina) need to be raised in the nursery.
The NGO developed 15 beds and in each bed nearly 2000plants were raised. The beds were well maintained and poly bags were used. Every year the plantations are taking place. Diesel engine procured and the set up has been established. The water is being pumped for the nurseries and also will be used by the local communities in their estuaries for water pumping for crab and prawn farming.
Training and Capacity BuildingIn Sorlagondi the community members were trained in mangrove restoration activities besides Tailoring for income generation for women. The women SHGs have been given trainings in tailoring and today nearly 15 women are earning more than Rs 1600/1800 per month from tailoring. The trainees for value added products like fish pickle making and dry fish making, dairy farming were identified and are being taken up in the project. These women were grouped into 10 members each and 22 such groups were formed. Each group is saving Rs 1000 per month and for the last 2 years they have saved 24,000/group. They were given 25,000 as matching grant from the bank to start fish vending activities
Lessons from the ProjectMangrove nursery plays an important role in mangrove regeneration activity. The rate of survival of the mangrove saplings are high while using nursery-raised saplings than the direct planting of seeds. In the earlier project, it has been observed that the performance of nursery raised saplings were better than direct planting of seeds which was implemented by PPSS with the support of M S Swaminathan Research Foundation. This is due to the development of good root system in the nursery raised saplings. Mangrove nursery activity also provides more employment opportunities to the local community.
The fishermen community has been engaged for mangrove nursery as they had the previous experience. Men were involved in bed preparation, canal formation, soil preparation for bag filling and women were involved in filling of polythene bags with mud, planting of seeds. The mangrove nursery was established near Sorlagondi main creek adjacent to Sorlagondi Reserve Forest. The nursery was located in the inter-tidal zone adjacent to the main canal and had access to tidal water. The creek water was used for irrigating the nursery saplings. The Yenadi community living near the mangrove nursery protects the saplings from grazing.
The mangrove saplings were raised in the polythene bags of 5 x 8�. The bags containing mangrove saplings were kept in the sunken beds. About 65,000 mangrove saplings were raised in 2013 and 2014 of which about 45,500 saplings were Avicennia marina and Avicennia officinalis. Other 19,500 saplings were Rhizophora apiculata, Aegicerous corniculatum, Bruguiera cyclindrica and Ceriops decandra.
The District Collector, Krishna District took a pro active approach after the letter on the sanction received from MoEF&CC and UNDP-GEF SGP. He constituted a committee comprising of the DD Fisheries, Machilipatnam, Divisional Forest Officer Wild life division, Eluru and RDO Machilipatnam. The committee members discussed about the project in the first meeting and assured all the help from the government side and wish the project should reach its goal and benefit the coastal community. The committee members on regular basis are apprised by the NGO partner and which has influenced them on the sustainable works being undertaken in the project. The District Collector and DFO have given the NGO the clearance to replicate the approach in another 50 Ha supported through the government grants.
Text: Prabhjot Sodh and PPSS team. Colours 9810037571/SGP/May/15
COMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONCOMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONMANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS MANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh
COMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONMANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in Andhra Pradesh
COMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONCOMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONMANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS MANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh
COMMUNITY MANGROVE RESTORATIONMANAGEMENT & LIVELIHOODS in Krishna Mangrove Wetlands in Andhra Pradesh
Name of the OrganizationPraja Pragathi Seva Sangham (PPSS)
Number of Beneficiaries1100 Fishermen Households and many from the tribal community of Yenandi.
SHG Formed23 SHGs formed with bank financial linkages
SGP Grant AmountRs. 22,69,000/-
Co-Financing AccessedRs. 75,000/- by M.S.Swaminathan Research FoundationRs. 3,58,000/- by Sorlagondi CommunityRs. 241,000/- by President Praja Pragathi Seva Sangham and Rs 12,79,000/- from Banks and others sources
Geographical AreasSoralagondi, Nagayalanka Mandal Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh
Project Time Period2013 - 2015
Project PartnersM.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF); National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD); District Fisheries Department and The State Institute of Fisheries Technology (SIFT), Kakinada
PROJECT BACKGROUNDMangrove ecosystem consists of inter tidal flora and fauna found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. They occur approximately between 32 degree North and 38 degree South along the eastern coast of the continent. The forests cover: the mudflats found between low water levels to the limit of the highest high water level. Though these ecosystems are highly productive the importance of mangroves is poorly understood. Mangrove ecosystems are undergoing widespread degradation due to a combination of physical , biological , anthropogenic and social factors. The NGO PPSS approached the GEF/UNDP Small Grants Program hosted through CEE to develop community approach for conservation and l ivel ihoods for the poverty s t r icken communities.
A recent estimate put the value of mangrove forest as US $ 11, 819/ha/year. Mangrove forests provide livelihood benefits in the form of fishes to the fishermen community living nearby the mangroves. It also provides their genuine needs which include timber for house construction and boat building, fire wood and fodder. Mangroves also protect the villages from cyclones induced storm surges and tsunami waves. Apart from these benefits mangroves are effective in carbon sequestration and are considered as a very good sink for carbon. Mangroves contribute 25% of carbon burial in the global coastal zone; lastly nesting and feeding ground for the birds.
Krishna wetlands mangroves are degraded due to Technical and Social factors. The technical factors include the less inflow of river water that is causing the mangrove degradation due to diversion of river water for other purposes. The social factors include felling of mangroves for the community needs and conversion of mangrove wetlands for other purposes like aquaculture farms, industries, ports, salt pans etc. The aim of the project is restore degraded mangroves and sustainably manage healthy mangroves involving all the stakeholders, particularly the local community whose livelihoods are affected with the degradation of mangroves.
Project PurposeRestore degraded mangroves and develop mechanisms for sustainable and healthy management of mangroves through community participation and to improve the livelihoods of dependent community
Project ObjectivesMobilize and organize local communities into Forest Conservation Committees to undertake participatory mangrove restoration and its sustainable management
Identify 100 ha of degraded mangroves and undertake restoration through community participation and with Forest Officials
Enhance awareness on the ecological importance of mangroves as sanctuaries and nursery grounds for fishery resources and as disaster reduction agents against cyclones and storms.
Project Activities
Community MobilizationThe community in Sorlagondi Panchyat is oriented on the project activities through village level meetings. Awareness programmes on the importance of mangroves were organized to the villagers residing in four nearby villages. Gender balanced village level institution was formed to participate in the project activities. Participatory Rural Appraisal exercise was completed in Sorlagondi village. It has a population of about 2345 in which 1162 are men and 1183 are women. In addition about 130 children below the age 25 were present. Later similar exercises were done on importance of mangroves forests and its sustainable management, in 3 more villages namely Nali, Gollalamonda and Palakaitippa in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. Folk media, wall paintings and audio-visuals were organized for a better communication on the conservation of mangroves by the people and for the people. Almost all people in the 4 villages are belonging to fishing community. They are fishing in mangrove creeks, estuarine waters and in the open sea. They have nearly 65 non-motorized boats and 43 motorized boats. The villagers also have agriculture lands and aquaculture ponds. Most of them have small land holdings.
Restoration of degraded mangrovesThe lack of tidal flushing is the major cause for mangrove degradation for which the canals were dug to facilitate tidal water flow inside the degraded area by the local communities through Village Level Institution (SVD&MC) . The main canal has an upper width of 3 m and a bottom width of 1.25 m with a depth of 0.8 m. The side canal has an upper width of 2 m and a bottom width of 1 m with a depth of 0.6 m. Tidal flushing has brought down the soil salinity and favored
the growth of mangroves planted in the area. The proper survey was done scientifically before plantation Slight elevation along the boundaries was noticed. Mangroves saplings of six different species namely Avicennia marina and A. officinalis Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Aegicerous and Ceriops were raised in the nursery and planted along the canals. This created a better chance of survival of species, because of the diversity. The local community earned wages in the mangrove restoration works particularly women (Rs 298,000/-) in the mangrove nursery works and men in canal digging work (Rs 8,26,000/-).
Village Institution Formation for Sustainable ActionGender balanced village level institution Sorlagondi Village Development and Management Committee (SVD&MC) has been formed on 8/8/13, this is supported through 7 women SHGs with nearly 100 women members. There are 11 Executive body members of which 6 are women. In the office bearers the President is man and the secretary and treasurers are woman. In 2 years nearly 12 village level meetings were organized in Sorlagondi. The activities that are implemented are discussed with the executive body, agreed between the members, and implemented. The minutes of the meetings are well maintained. Mr Chakravarthi the Village Sarpanch is a good supporter of the project. The previous Sarpanch in the village is also equally supporting the project and requesting the PPSS to help help in constructing houses for the poor. The NGO has a good rapport and trust among the communities.
Demarcation of the area for mangrove restorationAbout 50 ha of the degraded area was demarcated for mangrove restoration. The local community members were taken to the area to be restored. Initial meetings held and the proposal made to the Panchyat and then forwarded through the Forest Officials to the District Collector. Sanctions obtained from the Village Panchyat and also the District Collector and Forest Office to take up the mangrove restoration. This cemented a more systemic community led participatory approach. Suitability assessment such as topography, soil was undertaken by the MSSRF Scientists. Soil of the degraded area is clayey and the area has natural canals nearby. MSSRF scientists provided the much needed guidance in the land assessment and conservation practices.
Mangrove Nursery and Nursery maintenanceIn two phases in 2 years in project nearly raised 65,000 mangrove saplings were established in the nursery of six species. The causalities were replaced and finally 56, 000 saplings were transplanted in the areas. Organic fertilizers were used to get healthy saplings. Grading of
