LET’S ARGUE! UNIT 1: ARGUMENT. GENDER STEREOTYPES On the erasable board, write an M (for male) or...
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LET’S ARGUE! UNI T 1: ARGUMEN T
LET’S ARGUE! UNIT 1: ARGUMENT. GENDER STEREOTYPES On the erasable board, write an M (for male) or F (for female) for which gender best fits the stereotype
GENDER STEREOTYPES On the erasable board, write an M (for male)
or F (for female) for which gender best fits the stereotype. Talks
a lot Is insensitive Physically strong Emotional Curious Annoying
Lies Bossy Crazy Jealous
Slide 3
SATIRE The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to
expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in
the context of contemporary politics and other issues. (Google)
Satire is a genre of literature, in which vices, follies, abuses,
and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent
of shaming individuals, corporations, government or society itself,
into improvement. (Wikipedia) A way of using humor to show that
someone or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.; Humor that shows
the weaknesses or bad qualities of a person, government, society,
etc. (Merriam-Webster) *What words do you see repeated
throughout?
Slide 4
SATIRE
Slide 5
Slide 6
ALLUSION An expression designed to call something to mind
without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
(Google) Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person,
place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political
significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to
which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer
expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion
and grasp its importance in a text. (literarydevices.net) The most
commonly alluded to texts are The Bible and Shakespeares plays.
(FYI)
Slide 7
EXAMPLES Chocolate is my Achilles heel. Harriet Tubman is
considered the Moses of her time. Eric and Rachel are star-crossed
lovers.
Slide 8
JUXTAPOSITION The fact of two things being seen or placed close
together with contrasting effect. (Google) Juxtaposition is a
literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters
and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem
for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.
(www.literarydevices.net)www.literarydevices.net Juxtaposition is
the act or placement of two things (usually abstract concepts) near
each other for the purpose of highlighting their differences.
(Wikipedia; Robinson)
Slide 9
JUXTAPOSITION
Slide 10
MARK TWAIN Samuel Clemens (1835-1910) His father and uncle
owned slaves; Clemens would spend his time listening to the slave
stories and folklorehe used the stories in his own writing later.
Quit school after 5 th grade; went to work for a local newspaper,
where he penned the name Mark Twain. First story: Jim Smiley and
His Jumping Frog It was a hit!; Hired to write about his travels;
his tales were also a hit! It was love at first sight between
Clemens and his wife, Olivia (Livvy); they were married and had
their first child, Langdon, after a few years. Eventually they also
had 3 daughters. Langdon died of disease. Supposing is good, but
finding out is better. -Mark Twain/Samuel Clemens
Slide 11
MARK TWAIN (CONTD) Clemens and family moved to Hartford, CT
(You should visit the Mark Twain House!) Clemens writing started
getting dark-- political corruption and social criticism, such as
Americans greed for money. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince
and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (rich
vs. poor); The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (SATIRE on the
mistreatment of African-Americans.) Poor business investments
caused Clemens to go bankrupt After living in Europe for a while,
the family decided to move back to CT until Clemens oldest daughter
died. They never returned to Hartford. Livvy died in Italy; Clemens
lived out the rest of his life in Redding, CT He died at 74.
Slide 12
ADAM & EVE Paradise Bible Serpent God Rib Sin Fruit
First
Slide 13
LETS PUT IT ALL TOGETHER!
Slide 14
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How much do others affect who we are,
individually? Which is more importantthe needs of the individual or
the needs of the society? Is conflict inevitable among individuals
and society? *After reading The Diaries of Adam and Eve, by Mark
Twain, choose one of these questions and write an informal answer
in your journal.
Slide 15
SULA BY TONI MORRISON A few things to discuss first Symbolism
What does a rose symbolize?
Slide 16
THE ROSE THAT GREW FROM CONCRETE BY TUPAC SHAKUR Did you hear
about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? Proving
nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet.
Funny it seems, but by keeping it's dreams, it learned to breathe
fresh air. Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one
else ever cared.
Slide 17
ROSE After reading The Rose That Grew From Concrete by Tupac
Shakur, revisit what a rose can symbolize. What do you notice? Now,
with your group, discuss what the American Flag may represent to
the person listed on the card you received.
Slide 18
IF YOU WERE ABSENT Think about the difference in interpretation
of the symbol (an American Flag) from the point of view of an
immigrant, a war veteran, a soldiers widow, a politician, an
African- American born in the 1940s, a man fighting in war against
our country. What have you learned about symbolism? Symbolism is
interpreted based on the context surrounding it and our personal
experiences.
Slide 19
LETS DISCUSS Share out what your group discussed. What do you
notice? Write a claim in regard to what you learned about symbolism
through this activity. Motif: A symbol that is carried throughout
the entire text and represents the theme(s) of the text. *What is
the difference between symbolism and motif? As we read Sula, keep
an eye out for Sulas birthmark, fire, water and birds! (Are they
symbols or motifs?)
Slide 20
DICTION: THE CHOICE OF WORDS AN AUTHOR USES IN ORDER TO BEST
FULFILL HIS/HER PURPOSE. What is the difference in connotation (the
implied or suggested meaning) between the following?
GirlLadyWoman
Slide 21
LETS TRY A FEW MORE Flew vs. Flitted vs. Soared Love vs.
Passion vs. Romance vs. Sex Boy vs. Guy vs. Man Youthful vs.
Childish vs. Immature vs. Juvenile Slim vs. Skinny vs. Slender vs.
Thin Inquisitive vs. Interested vs. Curious vs. Nosy Confident vs.
Secure vs. Proud vs. Arrogant Lovely vs. Hot vs. Beautiful vs.
Stunning vs. Cute Talkative vs. Conversational vs. Chatty vs.
Extrovert
Slide 22
TONI MORRISON
http://www.biography.com/people/toni-morrison-9415590
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8Zgu2hrs2k The Harlem Renaissance
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harlem-renaissance
Slide 23
Argument
Slide 24
HOW TO STRUCTURE AN ARGUMENT Introduction - gains readers
interest and willingness to read (or listen) -establishes your
qualifications to write about your topic -establishes some common
ground with your audience -demonstrates that youre sane and fair
-STATES YOUR CLAIM! *More on this coming up
Slide 25
The Toulmin Argument (This is what most English teachers are
looking for fyi) CLAIM: the argument you wish to prove *Must be
both arguable and provable! QUALIFIERS: any limits you place on
your claim REASONS/EVIDENCE: support for your claim WARRANTS:
underlying assumptions that support your claim BACKING: evidence
for your warrants ******************* My claim is true, to a
qualified degree, because of the following evidence, which make
sense if you consider the warrant, backed by these additional
reasons. WARRANT ISNT JUST A CHEEZY HAIR BAND FROM THE 80 S !
Slide 26
LETS PRACTICE WRITING A CLAIM Claim: The federal government
should support the arts. You need reasons to support this claim, so
change it to present the issue as a matter of values. Revised
claim: The federal government should support the arts because it
also supports the military. Better? Lets try it with the warrant.
Warrant: If the federal government can support the military, then
it can also support other programs. The warrant seems weak: you can
hear a voice over your shoulder saying, So, what youre saying is
that because w pay for a military, we should pay for everything!
Lets revise. Revised claim: If the federal government can spend
huge amounts of money on the military, then it can afford to spend
moderate amounts on the arts program. (This will lead to a new
warrant, as well) Revised warrant: A country that can fund
expensive programs can also afford less expensive programs.
Slide 27
ONE MORE Claim: The federal government should ban smoking.
Qualifier: The ban would be limited to public spaces. Evidence:
Smoking causes serious diseases in smokers. Nonsmokers are also
endangered by secondhand smoke. Warrants: The Constitution promises
to promote the general welfare. Citizens are entitled to protection
from harmful actions by others. Backing: The United States is based
on a political system that is supposed to serve the basic needs of
its people, including their health. Some things to consider
-Numbers of deaths attributed to secondhand smoke -Lawsuits
recently won against large tobacco companies -The need for
reparation for smoking-related health care costs Authority to
include: Citing he Surgeon General Possible rebuttal: Smokers have
rights too.; Smoking laws should be left to the states Responses:
The ban applies to public places; smokers can smoke in private
Slide 28
DO NOW WRITE AN INTRODUCTION FOR AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE
FOLLOWING QUESTION: Should parents lie to their children about
figures such as The Tooth Fairy and Santa Claus? *You may use your
notes from last class. Homework: Write an introduction answering
the following question: How has society changed since the Harlem
Renaissance?
Slide 29
HOW TO STRUCTURE AN ARGUMENT Body -(background) presents
information, including personal narrative, thats important to your
argument -(lines of argument) presents good reasons, including
logical and emotional appeals, in support of your claim
-(alternative arguments) examines alternative points of view and
opposing arguments; notes the advantages and disadvantages of these
views; explains why your view is better than others
Slide 30
ORGANIZATION WHATS THAT? In your groups, organize the piles. Do
NOT ask questions Just organize them in the way YOU, as a group,
feel is correct. Whats the lesson here? There is no right or wrong
way to organize your essay as long as it makes sense (is logical)
in some way.
Slide 31
Tone - Mood-
Slide 32
TONE VS MOOD Fancy Dive By Shel Silverstein The fanciest dive
that ever was dove Was done by Melissa of Coconut Grove. She
bounced on the board and flew into the air With a twist of her head
and a twirl of her hair. She did thirty-four jackknives,
backflipped and spun, Quadruple gainered, and reached for the sun,
And then somersaulted nine times and a quarter- And looked down and
saw that the pool had no water. What is the subject of the poem?
What is the authors attitude toward the subject? How does the
author want us, the reader, to feel about the subject?
Slide 33
SAY WHAAAAT? How does diction contribute to the tone and mood?
Before we read The Flowers by Alice Walker, fold the paper in half.
As you read, circle the words that stand out to you. Lets discuss.
Do the same activity for the second half. Lets discuss again. Now,
lets read the whole story together. What is the tone? The mood?
What do you notice about the diction? How are they all
connected?
Slide 34
WALT WHITMAN VS. LANGSTON HUGHES 1. Read the poem you were
given. 2. Take note of the words that stand out to you (diction) 3.
What does the diction tell you about the tone?
Slide 35
I HEAR AMERICA SINGING WALT WHITMAN I hear America singing, the
varied carols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as
it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he
measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready
for work, or leaves off work, The boatman singing what belongs to
him in his boat, the deck- hand singing on the steamboat deck, The
shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he
stands, The woodcutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the
morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown, The delicious
singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl
sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to
none else, The day what belongs to the dayat night the party of
young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their
strong melodious songs.