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ISBN-13:978-0-547-02344-1ISBN-10:0-547-02344-8
10322331032233
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN
Online Leveled Books
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN
Dangerous
by Pam Zollman
DangerousDangerous
WavesLevel: P
DRA: 38ScienceStrategy:Analyze/Evaluate
Word Count: 915
4.5.24 Build Vocabulary
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ILLUSTRATION CREDIT: Susan Carlson, Steve McEntee
PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover AP Photo/APTN; tp
BPPT/Handout/Reuters/Corbis; 7 David Crossland/Alamy; 8 Isu/Getty
Images; 9 Joe Fox/Alamy Images; 11 AFP/Getty Images; 12 AP
Photo/APTN; 13 James Robert Fuller/Corbis; 14
BPPT/Handout/Reuters/Corbis.
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ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02344-1ISBN-10: 0-547-02344-8
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by Pam Zollman
DangerousDangerous
Waves
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Table of ContentsHow It Started 3
Earthquake! 4
No Warning 6
Tilly in Thailand 7
Alexa in Thailand 8
Tarasa Dwip Island 9
Indonesia 10
Sri Lanka 10
Maldives 11
Aftermath 12
A New Warning System 14
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Storm Tracks
AfricanPlate
Antarctic Plate
Eurasian Plate
Indian Plate
Tectonic plate division lines
FINISH
Map of the Indian Ocean showing Tectonic Plates, Tsunami
Spec #4_XXXXXX_VR5_4BL_INDIAN_O1V
Sue Carlson
609 971 68283
How It Started
The morning of December 26, 2004, was
sunny, and thousands of people were enjoying
the beach. They did not know that two plates
on the earths crust, the Eurasian Plate and the
Indian Plate, had just moved.
The pink lines show how the earths crust is divided into
sections called plates.
The Earths plates in the Indian Ocean Area
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4
Earthquake!
Then it happened. As the Indian plate tried
to slide under the Eurasian plate, a fault, or long
crack, suddenly broke open. Earthquake!
The earthquake violently shook the ocean.
The energy from the earthquake created waves.
These waves looked small at first, but they
were traveling at 500 miles per houras fast as
an airplane. It was a tsunami.
The movement of the ocean floor at a nearby fault caused the
earthquake and the tsunami.
Ocean floor Ocean floor
Water
VR5_4BL_Indian Ocean 2Anthology Inc.
Steve McEntee McEntee Art & Design Inc. 10/1/07
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5
Tsunamis travel in a group of three or
more waves called a wave train. As a tsunami
approaches the shore, it enters shallow water.
It then slows down, but the height of the
waves grows very large. A tsunami is silent
as it travels across the ocean, but it roars like a
freight train when it pounds the beach.
The Quake Felt Around the World
The earthquake that caused the 2004 tsunami was the largest
earthquake in that area in 200 years. It could be felt in countries
around the world, including Canada, the United States, Peru, Japan,
Norway, and Italy. The tsunami also caused the tide to be higher
than normal in many countries far from the quake.
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6
No Warning
At that time, there was no tsunami
warning system in the Indian Ocean. The
intruder became more dangerous as it entered
the shallow waters.
In many places, the ocean pulled away from
the shoreline. This was such a strange sight
that people on the beach walked out onto the
seafloor. Then they saw the giant wave roaring
toward the beach.
That was when many people finally
realized the danger. But it was too late.
Many homes and buildings were destroyed.
More than 200,000 people died.
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7
Many people like to visit Thailands beautiful beaches.
Tilly in Thailand
Ten-year-old Tilly, from England, was on
vacation with her family in Thailand. That
morning, she noticed the ocean was acting
strange. It was foaming and seemed to be
rising. Then she remembered a geography
lesson. This was a tsunami!
Tilly warned her family to run just before
the wave charged the beach. They escaped.
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8
Alexa in Thailand
Alexa was in a hotel at 10:30 a.m. A friend
saw the huge wave coming and warned her.
The roar was unbelievably loud.
The tsunami rammed the building. Alexa
escaped to a mountain and spent the night in
the enclosure of a half-built hotel.
The 2004 tsunami destroyed many hotels and other buildings in
Thailand.
8
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9
Tarasa Dwip Island
Abdul was at work in an observation tower
on Tarasa Dwip Island off the coast of India.
He felt the shaking of a powerful earthquake.
He knew that earthquakes could cause
tsunamis and warned as many people as
he could.
Three giant waves destroyed many homes,
but only three people died. Many more would
have suffered the same fate if Abdul had not
warned them.
In some places, the water was more than 20 feet high. People in
observation towers like this one could see the waves coming.
9
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Indonesia
The tsunami swept a man named Rizal and
his friend out to sea. Rizal grabbed an uprooted
tree and hung on. Unfortunately, he became
separated from his companion. He floated
and ate coconuts for eight days. Finally, a ship
rescued him.
Sri Lanka
As the tsunami charged the shore, some
babies got separated from their parents. One
was called Baby 81. His parents had so
much love and affection for their son that they
worked hard to get him back. Finally, they did!
His real name is Abilass.
10
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11
Maldives
Dave worked in a hotel in the Maldives.
At 11:00 a.m., Dave saw a wall of water rising
from the ocean. Wave after wave hit the
building. The hotel was wrecked.
Dave and the staff stayed on the island for
two days. The bond between them grew strong.
They were inseparable until they were rescued
by floatplanes that landed on the water.
Some tiny islands disappeared after the tsunami.
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12
Aftermath
The chief concern after the tsunami was
rescuing people. Some people had been swept
out to sea. Some were trapped in rubble. Others
were stranded on islands or mountaintops or
roofs. Survivors tried to find relatives. Injured
and exhausted people were treated at hospitals.
The tsunami waves caused a lot of destruction on shore.
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13
Rebuilding began right away in many places. There is still much
work to be done.
Many resorts have since been rebuilt.
However, soil was washed away in many areas
and coral reefs offshore were damaged. Some
tourists have come back for vacations, but it
will take a long time for people to forget that
terrible day.
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14
A New Warning System
The United States installed a warning buoy,
or large float, in the Indian Ocean in 2005. A
tsunameter was attached to the ocean floor.
It sends a signal to the buoy when the water
pressure changes. The buoy then sends a signal
to ground stations. Buoys like these will help
warn people of future tsunamis.
Tsunameters like this one have been added to the Indian
Ocean.
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HMRGOColumnMap.eps
RespondingTARGET VOCABULARY Word Builder Many
words have word parts added to the end of them. In the word
affection, -ion is added at the end. Think of some other words that
have endings added to the end of them. Copy and complete the chart
below.
Write About It
Text to World Even though you cant predict natural disasters,
you can be prepared. Write a one-paragraph emergency plan for your
family. Be sure to include an evacuation plan and a list of
emergency supplies. Use one word from the Word Builder.
15
-ion
affection
?
?
-able
reliable
?
?
-ly
lively
?
?
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TARGET VOCABULARY
affectionbondchargedchiefcompanion
enclosureexhaustedinseparableintrudersuffered
TARGET STRATEGY Analyze/Evaluate Think care-fully about the text
and form an opinion about it.
What word can be used to describe both a battery and something a
bull did?
16
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ISBN-13:978-0-547-02344-1ISBN-10:0-547-02344-8
10322331032233
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN
Online Leveled Books
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN
Dangerous
by Pam Zollman
DangerousDangerous
WavesLevel: P
DRA: 38ScienceStrategy:Analyze/Evaluate
Word Count: 915
4.5.24 Build Vocabulary
