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Levels of cellular organization
Atom MoleculeOrganelleCellTissueOrganOrgan SystemOrganism
Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Eukaryotic
Animal Plant
Division of Cells
Eukaryotic Cells Literally means “True nucleus”
Have a ________ _______ Cells Have membrane-bound __________ Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are called
“________”Examples: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Unicellular organisms like paramecium and amoeba
Cellular Components
Cytoplasm ___-_____ substance ______ the cell
where organelles are foundCytoskeleton
“Cell skeleton” Network of _______ fibers that
maintain the ______ and structure of cell
Composed of three networks of fibers1. Microtubules: _______; hollow tubes
made of protein; determine cell shape; scaffolding
2. ______________ Filaments: Provide strength of cell
3. Actin Filaments: ________; contractile string-like proteins that allow for cell ________
Cellular Components
Cell Membrane ______-permeable barrier that
_________ the cell Regulates what _____ and ______
the cell Provides protection Found in ____ types of cells
Cell Wall Porous, ______ barrier found
_________ the ____ ________ Adds additional layer of support
and protection _____ found in _______ cells
Organelles
Nucleus Houses the ______ material
(DNA) needed for replication of the cell
“______ Center” of the cell Contains the instructions
for the creation of proteins (made from DNA)
Exterior: Surrounded by nuclear envelope: double-layered ________ that encloses the DNA; contains nuclear pores: small ________ that allow for the passage of molecules between the _________ and the _______
Interior: DNA in the form of ___________ (string-like)• Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made; very _______ region
Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum A grouping of sac-like
structures _____ types of ER:
______ ER: contain ribosomes (creating ‘rough’ appearance); involved in the process of _______ synthesis
______ ER: no ribosomes; involved in ______ synthesis
Ribosomes Location where _______ are
made (protein synthesis)
Organelles
Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of membranes (pancake-like
appearance) Modifies, ____, and _______proteins received from the
ER. Break off from the golgi apparatus; float ________ in the
cell or travel to _______________where it will eventually___the cell.
Creation of _____________
Organelles
Lysosomes Contain _______ necessary for_______ of cell food or
waste Can break down lipids, carbs, proteins Digest non-functional organelles, ‘_______ ___’ the cell
Organelles
Vacuoles Sac-like structure responsible for _______ of various
materials (e.g. water, carbs, proteins, etc.)
Organelles
Mitochondria The “___________” of the cell Convert _____ energy into energy that is used by the
_____ itself (for growth, development, movement, etc.) via cellular respiration ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
_________ structure
Organelles
Chloroplast Site of _____________
Energy from ____ is captured and converted into chemical energy
Contain the pigment ________ which absorbs solar energy used in photosynthesis Responsible for the ______
color of plants
Organelles
Centrioles Made of ______________ Located ______ nucleus ___________ microtubules within the cytoskeleton prior
to cell division