Levels of Prevention.pptx

8/19/2019 Levels of Prevention.pptx

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The Levels of

Prevention


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Topic

• Levels of disease prevention


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Objective

• To know the dierent levels of disease prevention

• To be able to give examples of the dierent leveldisease prevention


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The goals of medicine

• Promote and to preserve health

• Restore health when it is impaired

• Minimize sering and distress

• These goals are embodied in prevention


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• !cientists are alwa"s looking for new and better wto prevent disease and injr"

• To avert hman sering and to control thetremendos economic costs of ill health


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• #magine "o$re standing beside a river and seesomeone drowning as he %oats b"

• &o jmp in and pll him ashore

• ' moment later( another person %oats past "o gdownstream( and then another and another

• !oon "o$re so exhasted( "o know "o won$t bto save even one more victim

• !o "o decide to travel pstream to see what the

problem is• &o )nd that people are falling into the river bec

the" are stepping throgh a hole in a bridge

• Once this is )xed( people will stop falling into the


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*hen it comes to health+

• Prevention means ,going pstream- and )xing aproblem at the sorce instead of saving victims ob" one


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What is Prevention?

• Any activity or process which avoids, avertsreverses the development of an eventor process which leads to an undesirableoutcome


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• #ncldes a wide range of activities

• #nterventions

• 'imed at redcing risks or threats to health


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Levels of Prevention

• .irst docmented in the late 19!s b" "# $eave

and %# &uerney 'lar(

• /escribed the principles of prevention within thecontext of the Pblic 1ealth triad of "ost, Agentand %nvironment


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• #ntervening earl" in the clinical corse will be mo

eective and cost2eective than later


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Leavell and 3lark4sLevels of Prevention

• Primar" Prevention

• !econdar" Prevention

• Tertiar" Prevention


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Primar" Prevention

• !eeks to prevent a disease or condition at a prepathologic state

• To stop something from ever happening

• The goal is to protect health" people fromdeveloping a disease or experiencing an injr" )rst place


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5xamples of Primar" Prevention

• 5dcation abot good ntrition( importance of re

exercise( and the dangers of tobacco( alcohol andother drgs

• 5dcation and legislation abot proper seatbelt ahelmet se

•

Reglar exams and screening tests to monitor risfactors for illness

• #mmnization against infectios disease

• 3ontrolling potential hazards at home and in theworkplace


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!econdar" Prevention

• 1ealth Maintenance

• !eeks to identif" speci)c illnesses or conditions at anearly stage with prompt intervention to prevent or limdisabilit"

• Prevent catastrophic eects that cold occr if properattention and treatment are not provided

•1appen after an illness or serios risk factors have alrebeen diagnosed

• &oal is to halt or slow the progress of disease ifpossible in its earliest stages

• #n cases of injr"( goals inclde limiting long2termdisabilit" and preventing re2injr"


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5xamples of !econdar" Preventi

• Telling people to take dail"( low2dose aspirin to

prevent a )rst or second heart attack or stroke• Recommending reglar exams and screening tes

people with known risk factors for illness

• Providing sitabl" modi)ed work for injred work


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Tertiar" Prevention

•

Occrs after a disease or disability has occurredthe recovery process has begun

• *ntent is to halt the disease or in+ury process aassist the person in obtaining an optimal healtstatus

• 5stablish a high2level wellness and maximize se of

remaining capacities• .ocses on helping people manage complicated( long

health problems sch as diabetes( heart disease( canand chronic mscloskeletal pain

• 6oals inclde preventing frther ph"sical deterioratio

maximizing 7alit" of life


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5xamples of Tertiar" Prevention

• 3ardiac or stroke rehabilitation programs

• 3hronic pain management programs

• Patient spport grops


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• *hile primar" and secondar" prevention interveare clear in some areas like cancer or heart disesch distinctions ma" be less sefl in talking ab

other problems sch as mscloskeletal disorde

• 5pisodes of back pain and other s"mptoms tendcome and go( blrring the lines between primar"secondar"( and tertiar" prevention

• *hen it comes to problems like mscloskeletaldisorders( some researchers prefer to talk abot,prevention( period8-


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Primordial Prevention

• !eeks wa"s to avoid the emergence andestablishment of the social, economic, andcultural patterns of living that are known tocontribte to an elevated risk of disease


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5xamples of Primordial Preventio

• 5nvironmental control of disease vectors

• 5liminating predisposing factors sch as illiterac"maternal deprivation


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• 'n obvios criticism of medical care is that it tac

health isses withot addressing the nderl"ingdeterminants

• Pattern of health problems can be expected tocontine ntil someone addresses healthdeterminants


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Documents

Levels of Prevention.pptx