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Li-ion Battery Development for ESS Applications
Jim Cherng, ph. D. Chief Executive Officer
Amita Tech. Corp.
2015/10/15
Content
• Roles of ESS in future power system
• Li-ion Battery for Various Applications
• Major Lithium Power Battery Systems for ESS
– NMC cell Characteristics
– LFP cell Characteristics
– LTO cell Characteristics
• Summary
Roles of ESS in Green Power System
• Energy storage system can capture and store the intermittent power for renewable energy sources, e.g. solar and winmill
• Energy storage system can provide the emergency power for unstable grid supply, e.g. DC-UPS
• Energy storage system can supply more flexibility and balancing to the grid
• Energy storage system can reduce the electric transportation loss, e.g. micro-grid
Battery: An electrochemical reactor, in which the electron exchanges between oxidizing reactants and reducing reactants are accomplished through external circuits instead of direct contacts.
Battery Type
• Primary battery: for one time use, Ex. Alkaline batteries, dry cells, lithium button cells.
• Secondary battery: rechargeable, Ex. lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, etc.
Item Lead-
Acid
battery
Ni-Cd
battery
Ni-H battery Li-Ion
battery
Vanadium
ion flow
battery
Normal Voltage
(V)
2.0 1.2 1.2 2.4~3.7 1.4V
Volume Energy
Density(WH/L)
60~75 125~134 131~139 200~500 20~30
Weight Energy
Density
(WH/KG)
32~39 41~44 46~49 100~300 20~30
High-rate Discharge
Performance
1C
capacity
declined
much
1C
capacity
declined
least
2~3C
capacity
declined a little
~20C capacity
declined a
little
<1C
Self-Discharge
(%/month)
20 100 50 1~3 >20
Cycle life 200~300 >500 >500 500~10,000 ~20,000
Memory Effect none yes minor none none
Power Battery Systems
180 190
4000
PHET 1.2AhPHET 1.2AhEE--one 2.8Ahone 2.8Ah
PHET 10AhPHET 10Ah
A123 2.3AhA123 2.3Ah
GP 1.1Ah GP 1.1Ah
Toshiba LTO SCiBToshiba LTO SCiB
Amita 5AhAmita 5Ah
Sanyo 2.0AhSanyo 2.0Ah
藍點:藍點:LiFePOLiFePO44 或或 LiMPOLiMPO
44
红點:红點:LiMnLiMn22OO44 或或 LiMnLiMn
22OO44+LiNiCoMnO+LiNiCoMnO2 2 或或 LiNiCoMnOLiNiCoMnO
22
綠點綠點::負極為負極為LiLi44TiTi
55OO1212
170160140130
Sanyo 1.5AhSanyo 1.5Ah
PSI 10Ah PSI 10Ah
Source: 工研院材化所整理2009.09
Bench Mark of Power BatteriesBench Mark of Power Batteries
ii--MiEV 50Ah MiEV 50Ah
100 11070 80
Altair Nano LTOAltair Nano LTO
Tesla Motor 2.2AhTesla Motor 2.2Ah
BMW & LUXGENBMW & LUXGEN
2.0Ah2.0Ah
Amita 20Ah Amita 20Ah
A123 20AhA123 20Ah Amita 10Ah Amita 10Ah
Amita 8.2AhAmita 8.2Ah
Amita has the high energy lead while keeping a good power, safety, and cycle life.
Amita Battery Applications
Application
Price of Lithium
Power Battery
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
600
1,200
1,800
2,400
單位:
USD / Kwh
350 USD
/Kwh
1,200 USD
/Kwh
全自動化生產
線 量產規模 新材料的研發 新應用
日本NEDO預
估
400 USD
/Kwh
550 USD
/Kwh
900 USD /Kwh
台灣拓墣預估
此時一輛EV的電池模
組價格18,000 USD
(900Kwh*20,假設
配備20Kwhr鋰電池)
2016
此時一輛EV的電池
模組價格11,000
USD
(550 Kwh*20,假設
配備20Kwhr鋰電池)
此時一輛EV的電池
模組價格8,000 USD
(400 Kwh*20,假設
配備20Kwhr鋰電池)
2012? 2008 2015?
Power Tool
~0.1 M KWh Taiwan
0.8 M KWh
1% New Car
~1400M KWh
Energy Storage
System
>10 times of EV
Green Energy World Wide
~14M KWh
1990-2001 2003 2006
3 C Market, Mature &
Low Profit
Renewable Energy Market, Huge
Potential & Eco Friendly
2009 2010
China
~30M KWh
1X
10X 100X 1000X
Microporous
film
Cathode
electrode
Anode
electrode
Laminated
aluminum bag
+ -
Inside of the laminated
aluminum bag
鋁柄 Aluminum Tab
鎳柄 Nickel tab
Lithium Battery System(+/-) NMC(/C+Si) LiFePO4 (/C+Si) LiMn2O4
/LTO
Working Voltage (V) ◎
3.7
○
3.2
△
2.4
Energy Density (Wh/Kg) ◎
(160~200)
○
(120~140)
△
(80~90)
100% SOC Cycle Life ○
(>3000)
○
(>5000)
◎
(>10,000)
Power Density △ ◎ ○
High T Performance ◎ ○ ◎
Safety △ ○ ◎
Mass Production Cost ○ △ △
Applications Portable Fixed location
Lithium Power Batteries for ESS
RD Precision Equipment
材料測試分析驗證
PH Meter BET Specific Surface Area Analyzer
Optical Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
AC Impedance Meter
Tap Density Meter Particle Size Analyzer Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
Cell Charge/Discharge Profile
Charge & Discharge Curve
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Capacity ,mAh
Voltag
e , V
LTO-Charge
LTO-Discharge
LFP-Charge
LFP-Discharge
NMC-Charge
NMC-Discharge
Life cycle @ RT
Charge : CC-CV: 10.0A – 4.20V to 500mA cut off ;
Discharge : 10.0A to 2.8V ; Temperature : 25℃
( 100% = 10000mAh )
Life cycle @ RT-simulation module cell
Charge : CC-CV: 7.5A – 3.65V to 375mA cut off ;
Discharge : 7.5A to 2.5V ; Temperature : 25℃
Degradation rate 3%/1000 cycles
Cycle Test (RT)
LTO cell (7799130LT) Cycle Charcteristic(25℃)
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400
Cycle No.
Cap
acity R
emai
n R
atio
, %
Degradation rate 2.65%/1000 cycles
Summary
• According to various ESS demand, specific cell and pack design are needed to achieve desirable performance
• LFP and NMC cells are already used in various ESS systems
• LTO cell got more attention due to excellent life and safety characteristics in the future