LI210 Supplement

7/30/2019 LI210 Supplement

1/19

l l l f tN\nn


2/19


3/19

Problem 4 : lladapProve that [ e ] is phonemically distinct from rotrofiox [ ], [a] from [I!],

1. be mouth 4. kate I learnedusbanal

Problem S: Tojolabal (Mexico)

5. tO"IU6. toao

Prove that [ k] and [ k'] are aoparate phonemes.I. kisim my board 8. ~ a k ' a2. koktik our feet 9. k'ak3. p'akan h&nJing 10. k'a?em4. sa t white II . t'ilins. sku'Eu he is carryina it 12, k'uutes6. snika he stirred it 13. ?ak'7. kak my arass

f l w 1 ! l t l l ~ n 1 ' J \ 1 1 \ I I 4 ' l t l l t U ~ f 1 1 1 J \ I O n n m ;iul.lfllflll\ifiL;i!J\Jf1011J. . .' \ . . . . .. .. ..., I ' IProblem 8: 'JI\Jijj\11YI 5 l l . l \ l l ' l t l l l 1 ~ Uflflflfl1 klk my arus san,,.,

m m n u t y t ~ l. . " [ . [ ']YI!J'Ufll111 k ak LL 1 : 9 attJ t t .. .,. IIYI'J1:Q:\I\I /k / Ul: /k / 1 \ J \ I f l \ l l : \ l \ l ' l ! J L I ! J ~ f i 1 1 J ' I I I I n n 1 1 L Y I U \ J ~

Problem 6: Venda (South Africa)Are [ 11 n] allophones of one phoneme? ' Stale your evidence.I r.,l ia a stronaly labialized fricative in contrast with I z /.

waah It Iplural or to-

chop it downftoaaupr canewarmto dreureed

[ ! ! ] dental [ n ] alveolarI. bal!U at your place 7 cne he2. ,1iio tooth 8. hana childhood3. muae maater 9. khouno there4. 111ri bull'alo 10. .Batanu ftvos. pfhe11e baboon I I. s ~ n a n l aoel6. .Balla four 12, now

Problem 7: Hypotbatlcal LaaauaaeProvo that /f / and /vi are t e p ~ r a t e phoaemaa.


4/19

. , f I .. . u tl& ..1l'l1!ltlH n 1 1 \ ' 1 1 ' 1 1 1 \ l ' l t 1 L I I I I J ~ f l 1 1 J \ U \ n m 1 ' V I t l n l t lProblem C: Tojolabal (Mexico)

Define the distribution of [ t] and [ th ] that they are in complementary distributionand form one phoneme.I. ~ i t a m pig2. makton3. potot'4. tinan

OlotOl211fl1Jtlll11

a patchkind of plantupside down

[ t] occurs initially or medially.[ th ] occurs finally.

5, l!atath6: muth1. nahath

.8. ?inath

kind of plantchickenlongseed

[ t] and [ th ] are in complementary distribution and form one phoneme.Problem 0 : Oaxacan Chontal (Mexico)

State reasons for provina that [ n] and [g ] are one phoneme.I. moYJi1 tomorrow 10. pagguy2. Uli& his grand mother 11. fugguy3. wa6uy he carries 12. entella4. ' that 13. tara5. ltanduy he leaves 14. go?6. igxa w;Jd boar IS. l:iJ;!7. PBTUY she washes 16. fallay?8. apando laJDe 17. bama?9. toruY larow 18: nana

Olotfl11&lfltltJI"1[ 1,1] ocean before a nlar coDSOnant or at final.[ a ] oocun elsewhere.

he !iY'Sshe, .grows fatliverthickheronquiet

. they sowtonmother

Tbaa [a ] and [ gl are in complementary distribution and form one phoneme.Problem 8: Aztec (Mexico)[ f], [ I ] , [ W ], and [ w] are allophones or a sinal phoneme. State their distribution.

J, itflli fealt 6. watainlto tomorrow2. lwa lieleitsi biaaish3. lcyalt teuaili bauary


5/19

I

Problem 9: Popoluca (Mexico)State the distribution of ( m ] and [ M ], [ n ] and [ N ], [il'] and [ N ], [ q1 and ( ],1. pag11 put in the around 7. yomo woman2. nolj flat 8. n ~ ~ t s armadillo3. boN bird 9. tsaN snake4. woli little airl 10. tsaM verys. a n e ~ k p a lao 11. antakm11 my country6. molt corn 12. iiiwi chill

Problem 10: Korean[I 'f ] are in CC)IIIplementary distributioQ and form one phoneme. State the distribution.fv,J i1 a hiah back unrounded vowel.

I. kat t h a t ~ l l so 12. silkwa fruit2. kvnvl shade 13. t t d ~ g window3. mul water 14. almana how much4. pal tes IS. i luli name5. phal arm 16. ki1i roed6. IIIIUI Seoul 17. t v r ~ ~ m then7. tatvl al l of them 18. kafilo to the street8. Ukop seven 19. saram person9. ipalsa barber 20. uli we

10. OIHIIppam tonisht 21. yllfvm summer11. pulph)'IID diiComfort

Problem II : Swahili (But Africa)lo o 1 are in complementary distribution and form one phoneme. State the distribution.Fornu marked. contain both alloph011e1.I. n ~ drum 12. watoto children2. b:Jma fort u. ndoto dream3. g:Jmbe cattle 14. mbop vegetable... b:Jmba plpa 15. ndoao little5. omba pray 16. J,ao rooster6. - - 17. loka axe7. p:Jia cure 18. okoia pick ap

1bla Durie 19. Ojll one


6/19

Problem 12: Zulu (South Africa)[ :1 o] are in complementary dill riba tion and form one phoneme. State the distribution./c q x/are clicks. /6/ is a voiced bilabial implosive stop.I. S:xaa - 13. i&oni crauhopper2. bpba bind 14. umondli JUardian3. - despoil IS. umoai one who roasts4 . umllfta jealousy 16. inoni rats. im:JI:J car 17. udoli doll6. iq:II:J small or back 18. umxoxi story-teller7. ix:l'll:J rroa 19. imomru jersey cow8. isie:JC:J head rin1 20. Jolu this9. ib:xlwe pot 21. mtoru stove

10. isith:llllbe picture 22. nomuthi and the treeII. incbdana SOD 23. udoclile you acted like a man.12. umr:ll


7/19

8. kana lk his bead 20. be.,i 'al mill' ' ' ,' j .

''"'ma'art fox 21. "'''-' filbed10. 'spon water bottle 22. kucamal be buried it

II. yu-lpiii shoulder 23. IV tsiYU"CIU rn not be afraid12. ?iltu arrow 24. tOomit clothProblem IS: Korean

[s l z] are in complementary , distribution and form one phoneme. State thedistribution. Items marked with contain two allophones.

I. sa tag division 12. iiktag dini111 room2. .. color 13. lUsu mistake3. new 14. linpu bride4. soslll novel IS. &qza business5. su number 16. inza JfCCtinp6. sui wine 17. inzwe& publisher7. susul operation 18. pagzllk cushion8. leke world 19. phugzok custom9. iekltm taxes 20. emzikl!am restauranl10. Iesulil washroom 21. YIIIJZUcttD receiptII . lihap game

,problem 16': Totonac (Mexico)Voiceless vowels [ i t V] are in complementary distribution with voiced vowela [ i au]and form three phonemea /i a u/. State the distribution.

I. CBPIJ he stacks 7. snapapt white2. cilinkSf it reaounded 8. stapi beans3. kasitti cut it 9 lumpi porcupine4. kuku uncle 10. taaqh\1 you plunged it ,s. naq' peppery 11. tiballj. be rested6. miki snow 12. tuklli it broke

Problem 17: Persian[ll"fl are in complementary distribution and form one phoneme. State the distribution.Forms marked with contain two allophones.

[ i ] voiced trill U ] voiced flapI. ei t6i army 9. ahal( starched2. fai'si Persian 10. blei'ada!r br(ltbcr3. ~ d n a little bit 11. bifid , ao I

[ f ] volceieas trill17. abaf starch1819.

axef lasta!naf pomesranate


8/19

s. N/rast right 13. bolOs hairbrush 21. four6. rena paint 14. Ct!la why? 22. c.!Juf what kind?7. ifi bard IS. da'f(d you have 23. hertowf however8. N'ruz day 16. Jilin( pastry 24. t lion

Problem 18 : Ganda (East Africa)[I f ] are in complementary distribution and form one phoneme. State the distribution.Forms marked contain both allophones. I ' I marks hiah pitch. / ' I marks low pitch.ldY/ is an alveopalatal stop. DoubledI. 'okudrdrilla to be full of2. OkddYdYOti to dish up3. \ I I Iokugula to buy4. bkUsaOt& to open5. Okhtet!tB to bring6. h k U t a i b 8 ~ 1 8 to attack1. bmh18fi mad man8. Omhllm8 lame person9. n88tw&*nl fought10. ui1Cep we tighten

Problem 19: Karok (California)

vowels are long.I I . 'rtl' '1 1mb112. ~ i l d Y a 1 f ( M13. '\oflii&14. CttUOudfrOI 5. m y e ' f ~ r e16. iidYi'r(17. OkUt((rB18. OtUi'eiO19. 6kumffU20. All i'l'PICIPI 1

a whistle ~ ~ a mnameshoponlyGospelto eat withstoryto swallowpepper

Are [a a ] allophones of one phoneme? State your evidence. /' I is a combinationof strong stress and high pitch. Unmarked vowels have strong stress and low pitch.

r. atrax arm 5. ? a ~ n a t fill2. t a t ~ mama 6. axok two3. Sl!ra4. Canak

breadmosquito 7. ?8sar8. tanukyanar wetshovel

Gleason, Henry A., Jr. 1955. Workbook in Descriptive Linguistics. New York: Henry Holtand Company.

Pike, Kenneth L. 1947. Phonemics. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.


9/19

...., ..... ' . w f .l i U l J N O ' I f f l ~ l ' l f l U U f l f l 13 : 'lfUlVfllliCII:tnlOOll'lfl'lf\lltlfll.. f I tJ . I .. t ' \ .... .. .. . aIDDVH n17\11\111 l!Jf11ti11JLOIIL 1 1 , ~ 1 fl1\171ll 'l\ l llll4fl1 ti,1Jm11J\IIJ1!JL \Uill\1 n\1 IJnJL I I J I ~

., I I e .. .,0\1 !JIUJL \111 1 \ I ~ I J f l l L t i ! J ' l n \ 1

Problem A : Tetelcinso Aztec (Mexico)Identify the pronominal morphemes.

I. nibeci I fall2. tibeci you fall3. nikol!i I sleep4. tikoci

11'1Ollii01Jt)j111ni

you aleep

IProblem I : hthmua Aztec (Mexico)

Identify the plural and future morphemes.

5. nitlaka6. titlak"7. n i ~ u k a8. t i ~ u k a

ti you

I. patani he flies 9. kimaaa2. pinawa3. wecka4. patanibS. weckah6, konia7, koniah8. weckas

he is ashamedbe lausbsthey flythey laughhe drinks itthey drink it .he will laush

Problem 2: Choctaw (Oklahoma)Identify all the morphemes.

I. pisalitok2. i l s a p i s a ~ i3. ~ i p i s a l i4. ~ 1 05. c'!iaoli6. iisotok

I sawyou will see meI see youyou bit me (pres)I hit you (pres)you hi t (past)

10. kimagahII . patanls12. pinawas13. konlash14. kikneliaIS. kiknoliah 16. plnawah

8. ilpayatok9. ~ p a y a l i ~ i

10. iLapaya11. &kmanolici12. ci&ltmanelitok13. ilsa'&kmane

I eatyou eatI cryyou cry

he hits itthey hi t ithe will ftyhe will be aahamedthey will drink ithe pities himthey pity himthey are ashamed

you calledI will call youyou call meI will likeI liked you

you like me


10/19


11/19

I. manao (he) wishes Ia. mananao (they) wish2. matua (he) is old 2a. matutua (they) are old3. malosi (he) is strong 3a. malolosi (they} are strong4. punou (he) bends 4a. punonou (they) bends. savali (he) travels Sa. savavali (they} travel6. peso (he) sings 6a. pepose (they) sing7. laga (he) weaves 7a. lalaga (they) weave8. a t a m a ' ~ i (he) is wise Sa. atamama?i (they} are wise

. . f I f . . I I t ..... .. . . alfl lDtiH m n n ' l ' l ~ 1tJfl1flliJLnlll'11ml m ' 1 ' 1 7 ! l l l 1 ~ ' l l ! l ~ f l 1 f i ? I I J f 1 1 1 l J ' I ' I I J 1 t J ~ \ l l J ! l ~ n ~ ~ ~ f i i J 1 uv~ m i ~ a 1 1 1 1 1 J n a t i f t ' n , l l l : t i ~ t i l J ' t 1 1 u i m i J , ~ ~ ~ ~ n l l l . . i ~ 1 l u H i ' l ' l o U 1 v v o o l l l ~ t i l ~ ~.... ' . n ~ l J ~ ' 1 ' 1 ~ 1 t J f l 1 ~ f l t J 1 n ~

Problem 8: Cocama (Peru)Identify the possessive adjective morphemes and state their distribution.

I. iwa arm la . tiwa my arm lb. niwa your arm2. ia heart 2a. tiil my heart 2b. nia your heart3. d a k ~ head 3a. tiakt my head 3b. niakf., your head4. ti nose 4a. tali my nose 4b. nati your noses. ka farm Sa. taka my farm Sb. naka your farm6. dawidi yucca 6a. tiawidi my yucca 6b. niawidi your yucca7. pua hand 7a, tupua ,my hand 7b. napua your hand8. uka house Sa. tuka my house 8b. nuka your house

....

01,11 Olll!l 'ltlIt-) occurs before a stem with VC?Wel initial.hi-J occun before a stem beainnina with /d/ and /d/ is deleted.(ta-l occurs before a atom boainnlna with a voiceless consonant except /pi.(tu-) occurs before a stem beainnina with /p/lt-ootl-ta-tu-J aro allomorphl or a aiqle morpheme moanins 'my.'(n-) occun before a atom with vowel initial.(ni-l occun before a atom boJinnina with /d/ and /d / is deleted.(na-') occurs before a atom boainnina with a voicel011 conaonaat.(n--ni-na-J are allomorpba or tbe -e moqtbemo meanina 'your.''

Problem C : EnaliahProve that l im- i n - i - J are allomorpha or the aame morpheme.


12/19

,2. i ' l i t ; m ~ t illiterate 8. in'vllelyabal i n v ~ l u a b l e. . .3. insa'ribnt insufficient 9 in'friykwent irtfrequent4. in'ept inept 10. insa'rilansiy insufficiency5. in'talarant intnlerant I I . 'nsta'bilati y instability6. in'ordnat inordinate 12. iriy'pleysabal irreplaceable

i111UflUIJl1-11[im-l occurs before a bilabial stem.[i-} occurs before a retroflex or lateral stem.{in-} occurs elsewhere.[im-in-ooi-l are allomorphs of the same morpheme.

Problem 7: Yaruba (Nigeria)Describe the affix. Pitches aremarked 1 1 high, r , llllll1alked mid.l .b l overtake Ia. n\b6 is overtaking2.ba hide 2a. mba is hiding3. bl perch 3a.mbl is perching4. f6 break 4a. nif6 is breaking5. k:l write Sa. Ilk:! is writing6.gWI climb 6a. (jgiln is climbing7. wii come 7a. gwii iscomimg8.b go 8a.6b is going9.siln sleep 9a.lisiln is sleeping

IO.j6 fight lOa. 6j6 is fightingll.ts spread lla. 618 is spreading12.diln pam 12a. lldiln is paining

Problem 8: Jlocano (Philippine Islands)What are the allomorphs of the morpbomoa moanin& 'my, your, and his'?Slate their distribution.

I. tusawko my chair Ia. tuaawmo your chair lb. tupwna2. sa bait my banaaa 2a. sabam your banana 2b. sabana3. basuko my rice 3a. ba1asmo your rice 3b. ba&Riftl4. sidak my food 4a sidam your food 4b. lidana

.Problem 9: TurkishState the distribution of tho allomorpbs of the morpheme meaniq 'my.'

his chairhis bananahis ricehis food


13/19

3.4. kiz5. kus6. siil7. kol8. put9. yas

10. dost11. ev

the tooththe, 1irlthe bird!he rosethe armtho stampasethe friendthe house

Problem 10: Hanunoo (Philippine Islands)

3a. dilim4a. kizlmSa. kulum6a. siitum7a. kolum8a. pulum9a. ydimtOa. dostumI Ia. evim

my toothmy sir!my birdmy rosemy armmy stampmy amy friendmy house

Two affixes are illustrated in this data. ~ r i b e each of them. There are twomorphophonemic changes in the roots., Describe each of them. They are best described

I in a particular order. Which? Why?. usa one Ia. kasa once1$. duwatutu4. upatS. lima

tw.othree

6. unumfourrivesixseven. pitu

. .fl11fltl'lnu

2a. kadwa3a. katlu4a. kapatSa. kalima6a. kanum7a. kapitu

Problem D: Tzeltal (Mexico)

twicethree timesfour timesfive timessix timesseven times

lb. usahi2b. duwahilb . tutuhi4b. upatiSb. limahi6b. unumi7b. pituhi

make it one!make it two!make jt three Imake it four Imake it five!make it six Imake it seven!

List the allomorphs of the verb-formina surflx and under each allomorph the stem orstems with which it occurs.I. -betan to loan Ia. bet debt2. -ipan to nourisll 2a. ip strenph3. - . . k'an to ateal 3a. ...... atealinl4. -k'opan to apeak with 4a. lt'op apeechs. -abatin to 10rve Sa. Oabat ~ e r v a n t6. -?inamin to take a wife 6a. inam wife

'


14/19

II. -waylio to dream of !Ia. w a y l ~ dream10. -wayibio to use for becl lOa. wayib bedII . -mak'lin to provide foocl for II a. -mak'. to divide in pieces12. -c'aklin to accompany 12a. -c:'ak to join13. -bawc'un to fall backwards 13a. -hawc'- fall backwards

Nt1UsI. The second column does not oeceuarily aive the forms of the stems.2. The stem formative -1- in II and 12 constitutes morpheme.3. There is a loss of a phoneme /if ill 9.

mmnu 111111-un) occurs with the item: -hawc'{-an) occurs with the stems: bet ?ip 'elk' k'op[-in) occurs with the stems: abat inam mul wayl! helot wayib -mak' -c'ak1-inoo-a--uol are aliomorphs of the same morpheme.

Problem l l : Sierra Aztec (Mexico)State the condition of the plural form and tho distribution of its allomorphs.I. piotet eaa Ia. piotemeh ellS2. tit fire 2a. timoh fires3. epat skunk 3a. opameh skunks4. takat man 4a. takah mens. maaat deer Sa. masameh deer6. as kat ant 6a. aakameh ants7. ~ i n rabbit 7a. tooimeh rabbits8. miatoo cat Ba. mistomeh cats9. sitalin star 9a. sitalimoh stan

10. k i m i ~ i n rat lOa. kimi'6imeh ratsII. ~ a p o l i n srasshoppor II a. bpolimoh srauhoppors12. tel rock 12a. tcmoh rocks13. moata day 13a. moatah days14. pio chicken 14a. piomeh chickens

Problem 12: "Tsotsil .(Mexico)Identify all tho morphemes and describe the distribution of tho aliomorpha of themorphemes.


15/19

2. -li t 'u put a prop ander 2a. -lilt' prop liled beneath an object3. -loni put a prop .. inst 3a. v prop used. aplnst an objlctson... -vori 10 cnzy 4&. vov cnzy5. -t'uli become wet 5a. t'ul wet6. -saltub become white 611. sa t white7. -lekub become aood ' 7a. le t aood -ik'ub become black Sa. 'ik' black9. -tuib become smelly !Ia. tu smelly.Problem 13: Danaltll (Eritrea)

Identify all the allomorphs or the plural morpheme.Siplar Plurlll

I. la'-den porcupine laden'wa2. nua neck filll'te3, un fiDJOrnail llfi''a4. a''ur ox 'u'ra5. to''bus police cap to'rabus6. wa'kali companion wakal'wa7. ai'ra fire aira'ri8. au'lub knee aulu'ba!1. tor'bal canvas cloth to'rabil

10. da'le sore dalo'laII. a'm:o head amo'ma12. auru'muda loa aurum11d'wa13. 18ft nose aafti'te14. taa'wir picture ta'oawir15. a'midda house pole amid'cia16. ma'ao debt m.. 'aa17. lir'wal pants. li'rawil18. manfi'o aleve manfi'wa19. hlap'la bnln haaaal'wa20. bil'mar aail bl'oamir21. 'nabai race. hl&llh aabsi'te22. rop''at palcb rop'at'wa23. 'al'i baby al'l'te


16/19

Gla10o, Heory A., Jr. 1955. Workbook 111 Dlrerlpllre Llllg11istlu. New York : HenryHolt aod Compaoy.

Merrifield, William R., Coullloce M. Naish, aDd Ca1viu R. Reusch. 1960. Morp/rology-S::Ifllu lAboratory Mtllfflll/. G1eudale, Califorllia: Summer Iutltute of lloauistics.

Nlda, Euaeue A. 1949. Morphology. Csecoud edition), Aoo Arbor: The Uoivenity ofMichi&ID Pre..

I


17/19

!:""-

""""1

F"111onl The lnler1111llonal .-;.; Alptulbet (revised to 1951)

"'""""',..,.,_

IJNHM " " " R ~ m J k . t ,.,_,_ Aim"' ,.,_, V.-1..- UtHhtr ,.,.,,_..,,,., t;/,wtM.,....., Ah'l"f""' fllttwMr ,...,..,.,_,. . . . p b I d I


18/19

-J ~ M} ~..u c-eo c.e- u r! .. "

" .. .. .... ..

.. - - - '


19/19

cI-

II-...)

Figure 3 The International Phonetic Alphabet (revised to 1989)

- ~: : ; ~ ml ml n I l lTnll I B l I rTapurAap I I I f {

F n c ~ i v e J 3l..aleralfO..IIive -I I -l J

l A.t' c' I k'

~ J-..DIACRITICS~ nd. .""'" !

w ___ _d_W --_------1_!. ._..._ ~ r _ Ubil l lml N-''"" e j

, Le a . - ded ':.'/ j Plillalizcd t j di n Ntil l n='-c dnh ......... t"dh - - ------- - - - - - - .w.--.:e.t I} y Velariad I t . . n o ~ n=!cuc d.. - -

- -- - ; s ----- - - ~ - d ~ - --;- ------ ---d.lklf..:xod 1 ~ ~ t No . . . . .. ._ - - - - - - - - - - -

Cn=.._y voKe4 b a ca...-.aLed e - Yr....,. 00" p M r y l l p l l l ' - ' ~ I= - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - ----- ------ - i:: _1-in ........ t 4 ~ ~ - . . : e ~ ~ ~ l! -'; R11'" - _ 'OOII:ed alveoMr m.:-1 I.. lknlll 1 Q ' Sylt.bic T L.- rc l l ~ I ll .. - - * biW.al appnuimlllll I~ - - - - - - - --- -- - - ---------- ------J--Apoul t d N o n - s y l ~ C Adv-.:ed Toncw I(WJ( C--- - - - - - - - - ~ - ~ ---- ': '!- 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ !_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.-.. 1 d ... Rholaclt)' a... ._ ..T. . . . - Ruol. e ,""' a t

VOWELS-- iClooe10id e"""' .... E~ ----\-----1" 0- - - \ - - - - ' A t :>

"""' oo.....,.....,_.lllli"*'--npt.............. -'-OiliER SYMBOL'llA ........ ~ 0 ........w-..--1--q \ W e e ( ~ . . . . ,.... . . . . . . . . . ! .................H ~ . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . =I= N I I . . .~ - - - ---- . - . J- ........ -I:J-- li r ..x3 ~ - a . m ~ . . -~ - ..... ~ - k ....... ~ ., ... ,...joit!M.., ...... r__,. tt.p ts

SUPRASEGMENTALS.._,- . f o u n : ~ l t J : m ~ a woaD ACCENTSLEVEL CONTOUR--- e: e.1 ...... e.A -.......... e" e - e "II...,........... e e -l ... e1--y ~ W ~ ~ e ...._ Ji.zkl e ..t.__ i-1.__I r.a-ctou&t..-.. ~ j . ._ ,_ e 1 .,__....,,__._,..., -.... Llllk. . ~ o f ...... ~ -'"""""'- T ._"'""*'""

Documents

LI210 Supplement