Library of Congress Subject Headings Lecture 2. Changes in terminology (1) OldNew Unauthorized term Authorized term Sacks see Bags Sacks USE Bags Bags

Library of Congress Library of Congress Subject HeadingsSubject Headings

Lecture 2Lecture 2

Changes in terminology (1)Changes in terminology (1)

OldOld NewNew

Unauthorized term Unauthorized term Authorized termAuthorized term

SacksSacks see Bagssee Bags

SacksSacks USE BagsUSE Bags

Bags Bags x Sacksx Sacks

Bags Bags UF SacksUF Sacks

Authorized term Authorized term Unauthorized termUnauthorized term

Card catalog Card catalog seesee ref. ref.

Catalog cardCatalog card

Unauthorized termUnauthorized term

Authorized termAuthorized term

SacksSacks see see BagsBags

Subject browse = sacksSubject browse = sacks

Card catalog Card catalog seesee ref. - online ref. - online

Sacks

See: Bags

Changes in terminology (2)Changes in terminology (2)

OldOld NewNew

Specific termSpecific term

General termGeneral term

Cubism Cubism xx Artxx Art

Cubism Cubism BT ArtBT Art

Art Art sasa Cubism Cubism

Art Art NT CubismNT Cubism

General termGeneral term

Specific termSpecific term

Broader and narrower terms

Card catalog Card catalog see alsosee also ref. ref.


Broader termBroader term

Narrower termNarrower term

ArtArt

see alsosee also

CubismCubism

Only if you have items under heading Only if you have items under heading Cubism!Cubism!

Subject browse = artSubject browse = art

Card catalog Card catalog seesee ref. - online ref. - online

Art

…Narrower Term: Cubism

Changes in terminology (3)Changes in terminology (3)OldOld NewNew

TermTerm

Related termRelated term

Food Food sasaCookeryCookeryxxxxCookeryCookery

FoodFoodRTRTCookeryCookery

TermTerm

Related termRelated term

Cookery Cookery sasa FoodFoodxxxx FoodFood

Cookery Cookery RTRT FoodFood




Related Related

authorized termauthorized term

CookeryCookery

see alsosee also

FoodFood

Only if you have items under heading Food!




Related Related

authorized termauthorized term

FoodFood

see alsosee also

CookeryCookery

Only if you have items under heading Cookery!

Online catalog Online catalog see alsosee also ref. ref.

cookery


Cookery


Only if you have items under heading Food!

See Also: Food

Geographic subdivisionsGeographic subdivisionsConstruction industry Construction industry (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

—— FinanceFinance—— —— Law and legislation Law and legislation (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

Construction industry Construction industry — Italy— ItalyAllowed headings:Allowed headings:

Construction industry Construction industry — Italy — Finance— Italy — Finance

Construction industry — Finance — Law and legislation — Italy

Geographic namesGeographic namesObtaining the correct termObtaining the correct term

United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN)

United States:

http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic



Searching…Searching…

ResultsResults

Results (enlarged)Results (enlarged)

Searching for foreign namesSearching for foreign names


No Myanmar

Burma or Myanmar?Burma or Myanmar?

BURMA(BM)



Myanmar (Variant)

Burma



Geographic subdivision Geographic subdivision instructions - old way (1)instructions - old way (1)

LCSH would indicate whether a LCSH would indicate whether a geographic heading could be geographic heading could be added directly or indirectlyadded directly or indirectly

Drainage laws Drainage laws (Direct)(Direct)

Ferns Ferns (Indirect)(Indirect)


Drainage laws Drainage laws (Direct)(Direct)

Drainage laws Drainage laws — United States— United StatesHeadingsHeadings

Drainage laws Drainage laws — Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania

Drainage laws Drainage laws — Pittsburgh— Pittsburgh


Ferns Ferns (Indirect)(Indirect)

HeadingsHeadings

Ferns Ferns — Switzerland — Geneva— Switzerland — Geneva

Ferns Ferns — Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania

Ferns Ferns — Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania — Pittsburgh— Pittsburgh

Interpose “collecting level”

Geographic subdivision Geographic subdivision instructions - new way instructions - new way

Drainage laws Drainage laws (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

Ferns Ferns (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

Ferns Ferns — Switzerland — Geneva— Switzerland — GenevaHeadingsHeadings

Ferns Ferns — Pennsylvania— Pennsylvania — Pittsburgh— Pittsburgh

Collecting levels

Geographic subdivisions - Geographic subdivisions - collecting levels (1)collecting levels (1)

United States, Canada, Great BritainUnited States, Canada, Great BritainFirst-level political subdivisions First-level political subdivisions

(states, constituent countries, (states, constituent countries, republics) assigned directlyrepublics) assigned directly

Ferns Ferns — Massachusetts— Massachusetts — Boston— Boston

Other countriesOther countriesCollecting level is the countryCollecting level is the countryFerns Ferns — Spain— Spain — Madrid— Madrid


Exceptions to the rule: Exceptions to the rule: Washington Metropolitan Area, Washington Metropolitan Area, New York Metropolitan Area, and New York Metropolitan Area, and Jerusalem Metropolitan Area are Jerusalem Metropolitan Area are cited directlycited directlyFerns Ferns — Washington (D.C.)— Washington (D.C.)Ferns Ferns — Jerusalem— Jerusalem


New York Metropolitan AreaNew York Metropolitan AreaFerns Ferns — New York Metropolitan — New York Metropolitan

AreaArea

New York CityNew York CityFerns Ferns — New York (State) — New — New York (State) — New

YorkYork

Geographic subdivisions in Geographic subdivisions in card and MARC formats (1)card and MARC formats (1)

Gardens Gardens — France — Nice— France — Nice

650650 aa GardensGardens

zz FranceFrance

zz Nice.Nice.

cardcard

MARCMARC


Gardens Gardens — Massachusetts — — Massachusetts — BostonBoston


zz MassachusettsMassachusetts

zz Boston.Boston.


Gardens Gardens — Jerusalem— Jerusalem


zz Jerusalem.Jerusalem.


Boston (Mass.) Boston (Mass.) — — Auditoriums, Auditoriums, convention facilities, etc.convention facilities, etc.

651651 aa Boston (Mass.)Boston (Mass.)

xx Auditoriums, Auditoriums, convention facilities, etc.convention facilities, etc.

Geographic qualifier

Types of subdivisionsTypes of subdivisions

Topical Topical GeographicGeographic ChronologicalChronological FormForm

Topical subdivisionsTopical subdivisions

Used under headings of all Used under headings of all types to limit the concept types to limit the concept expressed by the heading to a expressed by the heading to a subheadingsubheading

Drinking water Drinking water — Aluminum — Aluminum contentcontent

Geographic subdivisionsGeographic subdivisions

"Indicate the geographic area to "Indicate the geographic area to which treatment of a topic is which treatment of a topic is limited. They may designate limited. They may designate where something is located, or where something is located, or where something is from, where something is from, depending on the topic."depending on the topic."

Orchids Orchids — India— India

Chronological subdivisionsChronological subdivisions

"Chronological or period "Chronological or period subdivisions indicate time periods subdivisions indicate time periods covered in the contents of the covered in the contents of the work. "work. "

Women Women — History — To 500— History — To 500

See H 1647 sec. 4 to determine when you can See H 1647 sec. 4 to determine when you can add time period without intervening add time period without intervening — History— History

French poetry French poetry — 19th century— 19th century

Form subdivisionsForm subdivisionsIndicate what the item is rather Indicate what the item is rather than what it is about.than what it is about.

Now coded in MARC subfield v.Now coded in MARC subfield v.

Vocabulary tests Vocabulary tests — Study guides— Study guides

650650 aa Vocabulary testsVocabulary tests

vv Study guides.Study guides.

Subfield v: form subdivision

Subdivisions listed in LCSHSubdivisions listed in LCSHAmerican poetry American poetry (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

—— Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775—— Revolutionary period, 1775-1783Revolutionary period, 1775-1783—— 1783-18501783-1850—— 19th century19th century—— 20th century20th century—— — — Readings with musicReadings with music

American poetry American poetry — 20th century — — 20th century — Readings with musicReadings with music

Transfer subdivisions listed?Transfer subdivisions listed?American poetry American poetry (May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)

—— Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775—— Revolutionary period, 1775-1783Revolutionary period, 1775-1783—— 1783-18501783-1850—— 19th century19th century—— 20th century20th century—— — — Readings with musicReadings with music

American poetry American poetry — Colonial period, — Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 — Readings with ca. 1600-1775 — Readings with music music ??

Free-floating subdivisionsFree-floating subdivisions

• General free-floating subdivisionsGeneral free-floating subdivisions• Subdivisions under classes of Subdivisions under classes of

persons and ethnic groupspersons and ethnic groups• Subdivisions under names of Subdivisions under names of

individual corporate bodies, persons, individual corporate bodies, persons, and familiesand families

• Subdivisions used under place namesSubdivisions used under place names• Subdivisions controlled by pattern Subdivisions controlled by pattern

headingsheadings

Five types:Five types:

Subject Cataloging ManualSubject Cataloging Manual

SUBJECT CATALOGING MANUALSubject Headings

Volume 2H 1075-H1200

General free-floating General free-floating subdivisionssubdivisions

• Form or topicalForm or topical–Form : what the work Form : what the work isis

Environmental education —Environmental education —BibliographyBibliography

–Topical : what the work is Topical : what the work is aboutabout

Environmental education Environmental education — — Political aspectsPolitical aspects

Free-Floating Subdivisions H 1095

$v Designs and plans (H 1532)Use under architectural headings, including types of buildings and rooms, and under landscape headings, including types of gardens and parks, for works containing architectural drawings.

$x DeteriorationUse under types of substances, materials, products, etc.

$v Dictionaries (H 1540)Use under subjects.See also –Encyclopedias

Section in Subject Cataloging Manual

$v Use as either form or topical subdivision

$x Use only as topical subdivision

General free-floating General free-floating subdivisions—formsubdivisions—form

Personal Name:Personal Name: Penrice, John, 1818-1892.Penrice, John, 1818-1892.Main Title:Main Title: A dictionary and glossary of A dictionary and glossary of

the Koran / John Penrice.the Koran / John Penrice.Published/Created:Published/Created: Mineola, N.Y. : Dover Mineola, N.Y. : Dover

Publications, 2004.Publications, 2004.Description:Description: viii, 166 p. ; 28 viii, 166 p. ; 28

cm.ISBN:0486434397 (pbk.)cm.ISBN:0486434397 (pbk.)Subjects:Subjects: Koran—Language, style—Koran—Language, style—

DictionariesDictionaries—English.—English.Arabic language—Arabic language—DictionariesDictionaries—English.—English.

Form Form subdivisionssubdivisions

General free-floating General free-floating subdivisions—form subdivisions—form

100100 1_ 1_ |a Penrice, John, |d 1818-|a Penrice, John, |d 1818-1892.1892.

245245 12 12 |a A dictionary and glossary |a A dictionary and glossary of the Koran / |c John Penrice.of the Koran / |c John Penrice.

260260 __ __ |a Mineola, N.Y. : |b Dover |a Mineola, N.Y. : |b Dover Publications, |c 2004.Publications, |c 2004.

300300 __ __ |a viii, 166 p. ; |c 28 |a viii, 166 p. ; |c 28 630630 00 00 |a Koran |x Language, style |a Koran |x Language, style

|v Dictionaries|v Dictionaries |x English. |x English.650650 _0 _0 |a Arabic language |a Arabic language |v |v

DictionariesDictionaries |x English. |x English.

Subfield v for Subfield v for form subd.form subd.

Form subdivisionsForm subdivisions

Subfield v for Subfield v for form subd.form subd.

245 245 00 0 0 |a|a Dizionario Dizionario dell’automobile : dell’automobile :

|b|b tedesco-italiano, italiano-tedesco-italiano, italiano-tedesco = Automobil-Wtedesco = Automobil-Wöörterbuch : rterbuch : Deutsch-Italienisch, Italienisch- Deutsch-Italienisch, Italienisch- DeutschDeutsch

. . .. . .650 650 __ 0 0 |a Automobiles |a Automobiles |v Dictionaries |v Dictionaries |x Italian.|x Italian.650 650 __ 0 0 |a Automobiles |a Automobiles |v Dictionaries |v Dictionaries |x German.|x German.

Subdivisions used under classes Subdivisions used under classes of persons and ethnic groupsof persons and ethnic groups

• Subdivisions under classes of Subdivisions under classes of persons persons (H 1100)(H 1100)

• Subdivisions under ethnic groups Subdivisions under ethnic groups (H 1103)(H 1103)

Political prisoners — Abuse ofPolitical prisoners — Abuse of

French-Canadians — Job stressFrench-Canadians — Job stress

Subdivisions used under names Subdivisions used under names of individual corporate bodies, of individual corporate bodies, persons, and familiespersons, and families

• Subdivisions under names of Subdivisions under names of persons persons (H 1110)(H 1110)Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 — — BirthplaceBirthplace

• Subdivisions under family namesSubdivisions under family names

Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 — — BirthplaceBirthplace

Smith family — Homes and Smith family — Homes and hauntshaunts

Subdivisions used under Subdivisions used under place namesplace names

• Subdivisions under names of Subdivisions under names of places places (H 1140)(H 1140)

Italy Italy — Social life and customs— Social life and customs

Free-floating subdivisionsFree-floating subdivisions• Use to provide greater specificityUse to provide greater specificity• Use only one per headingUse only one per heading

If two free-floating subdivisions If two free-floating subdivisions apply, create two headingsapply, create two headings

Adams family—ArchivesAdams family—Archives

Adams family—CorrespondenceAdams family—Correspondence


• Some free-floating subdivisions Some free-floating subdivisions have authorized subdivisionshave authorized subdivisions

Bank credit cards—Computer Bank credit cards—Computer networks—Security measuresnetworks—Security measures

$x Computer networks $x Security $x Computer networks $x Security measures measures

SCM

Heading:


• Place at end of heading from Place at end of heading from LCSHLCSH

• Find in Find in Subject Cataloging Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject HeadingsManual: Subject Headings

Tourism Tourism — Spain— Spain — Madrid— Madrid — — BibliographyBibliography

Subdivisions controlled by Subdivisions controlled by pattern headingspattern headings

Standardized sets of topical and Standardized sets of topical and form subdivisions for use under form subdivisions for use under particular categories of subject particular categories of subject headings or name headings used headings or name headings used as subjectsas subjects

Pattern heading examples

CategoryCategory Pattern(s)Pattern(s)AnimalsAnimals Fishes; CattleFishes; CattleChemicalsChemicals Copper; InsulinCopper; InsulinDiseasesDiseases Cancer; TuberculosisCancer; TuberculosisMusical Comps.Musical Comps. OperasOperasOrgans of bodyOrgans of body Foot; HeartFoot; HeartPlants & cropsPlants & crops CornCornLand vehiclesLand vehicles AutomobilesAutomobilesReligionsReligions BuddhismBuddhismReligious ordersReligious orders JesuitsJesuits

Pattern headings: Pattern headings: ChemicalsChemicalsPatterns: Copper; InsulinPatterns: Copper; Insulin$x$x Absorption and adsorption Absorption and adsorption (May (May

Subd Geog)Subd Geog)$x$x Acoustic properties Acoustic properties (May Subd (May Subd

Geog)Geog)$x$x AdministrationAdministration$x$x Affinity labeling Affinity labeling (May Subd (May Subd

Geog)Geog)……

Nitrogen—Absorption and adsorptionNitrogen—Absorption and adsorption

Adding a pattern headingAdding a pattern headingTitle:Title: Carbon adsorption Carbon adsorption

CarbonCarbon——IsotopesIsotopes— — — — DecayDecay……

Carbon—Absorption and adsorptionCarbon—Absorption and adsorption

In LCSH :find heading

for Carbon

In LCSH:no subdiv.

foradsorption

CopperCopper——Absorption and adsorption Absorption and adsorption

(May Subd Geog)(May Subd Geog)……

In SCM:Pattern forchemical is

Copper

Adding a pattern headingAdding a pattern heading

CauliflowerCauliflower— — VarietiesVarieties

Cauliflower—Aging—Genetic aspectsCauliflower—Aging—Genetic aspects

In LCSH :find heading

for Cauliflower

In LCSH:no subdiv.

foraging

CornCorn......— — AgingAging— — — — Genetic aspectsGenetic aspects

In SCM:Pattern forplants is

Corn

Title:Title: The genetic aspects of aging in The genetic aspects of aging in cauliflowercauliflower

The aerodynamics of Hummer The aerodynamics of Hummer truckstrucks

LCSH heading:LCSH heading:

Hummer truckHummer truck

Land vehicles pattern heading: automobiles

Automobiles Automobiles ― ― AerodynamicsAerodynamics

Hummer truckHummer truckOur subject heading:Our subject heading:

― ― AerodynamicsAerodynamics

26th ed.: Hummer truckCurrent ed.: Hummer trucks

Subject heading with floating Subject heading with floating subdivision must make sensesubdivision must make sense

Juvenile delinquency Juvenile delinquency — — Amateur's manualsAmateur's manuals

Not!!!!!Not!!!!!

Selecting subject headingsSelecting subject headings

Verbalize the contents of the bookVerbalize the contents of the book

• What happened?What happened?• To what/whom did it happen?To what/whom did it happen?• Where?Where?• Are any topics subordinate?Are any topics subordinate?• When?When?

UFOs in Eureka : what the UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not Missouri government does not want you to knowwant you to know

Verbalize the contents of the bookVerbalize the contents of the book

A number of people say that A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is and that the government is covering it upcovering it up

Create a headingCreate a heading

• Always start with heading Always start with heading from LCSH (Big red books)from LCSH (Big red books)

• Is there a subdivision listed Is there a subdivision listed in LCSH?in LCSH?

• Is there an applicable free-Is there an applicable free-floating subdivision?floating subdivision?

• Can the heading be Can the heading be subdivided geographically?subdivided geographically?

UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know

A number of people say that they have sighted UFOs landing in Eureka, Missouri, and that the government is covering it up

Unidentified flying objects

Main topics: UFOs & Conspiracies

Main LCSH headings:

Conspiracies

UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know government does not want you to know

Unidentified flying objectsUnidentified flying objects

Any appropriate subdivision listed Any appropriate subdivision listed for our subject heading?for our subject heading?

――Sightings and encountersSightings and encounters

Unidentified flying objects Unidentified flying objects ― ― Sightings and encountersSightings and encounters


UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri UFOs in Eureka : what the Missouri government does not want you to know government does not want you to know

Can we subdivide geographically?Can we subdivide geographically?

Eureka is in MissouriEureka is in Missouri

Unidentified flying objects Unidentified flying objects ― ― Sightings Sightings and encounters (and encounters (May Subd GeogMay Subd Geog))

Unidentified flying objects Unidentified flying objects ― ― Sightings and encounters Sightings and encounters ― ― Missouri ― EurekaMissouri ― Eureka

Our subject heading:


Divinity and experience : the Divinity and experience : the religion of the Dinkareligion of the Dinka

Dinka (African people) Dinka (African people)

from LCSH:from LCSH:

from SCM:SH H 1103 Ethnic Groups:from SCM:SH H 1103 Ethnic Groups:

$x Religion$x Religion

Dinka (African people)Dinka (African people) ― ― ReligionReligion

How to control fading in your How to control fading in your pansies in Californiapansies in California

PansiesPansies

from LCSH:from LCSH:

from pattern heading Corn:from pattern heading Corn:

$x Color $x Color $x$x Fading Fading $x$x Control Control (May (May Subd Geog)Subd Geog)

Pansies Pansies ― Color ― Fading ― ― Color ― Fading ― Control ― CaliforniaControl ― California

Sanford BermanSanford BermanPrejudice and antipathies : a tract on the LC Prejudice and antipathies : a tract on the LC Subject Heads concerning people (1971)Subject Heads concerning people (1971)

Yellow peril

Criminal justice, administration of as cross-reference to Lynching

Primitive as modifier to Society, Art, Religion...

Barbarian invasions of Rome

Steven Knowlton:

“By utilizing the language and perspective of a particular group...LCSH can make materials hard to find for other users, stigmatize certain groups of people....”

Changes in LCSHChanges in LCSH

Yellow peril

Criminal justice, administration of as cross-reference to Lynching

Deleted

Cross-ref eliminated

Primitive as modifier to Society, Art, Religion...

Religion, primitive points to Religion;Art, Primitive exists

Barbarian invasions of Rome

Rome—History—Germanic invasions, 3rd-6th centuries

1980 Library of Congress convened Racism and Sexism in Subject Analysis Subcommittee

Sanford BermanSanford BermanHennepin County Library Cataloging BulletinHennepin County Library Cataloging Bulletin, no. , no. 35 (July/August 1978): 1-735 (July/August 1978): 1-7

"…why is it that the many works "…why is it that the many works on the forced removals suffered by on the forced removals suffered by Native Americans are regularly Native Americans are regularly subject-cataloged under subject-cataloged under INDIANS INDIANS of NORTH AMERICAof NORTH AMERICA—LAND —LAND TRANSFERSTRANSFERS?"?"

Indian land transfersIndian land transfersNewer heading:Newer heading:

Sanford BermanSanford BermanThe Web site:The Web site:

http://www.sanfordberman.org/http://www.sanfordberman.org/

1993 reprint of Prejudice and antipathies:http://www.sanfordberman.org/prejant.htm

http://www.sanfordberman.org/

Documents

Library of Congress Subject Headings Lecture 2. Changes in terminology (1) OldNew Unauthorized term Authorized term Sacks see Bags Sacks USE Bags Bags