Contents

1 Past, Present and Future of Microalgae CultivationDevelopments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Navid R. Moheimani, David Parlevliet, Mark P. McHenry,Parisa A. Bahri and Karne de Boer

2 Application of Various Immobilization Techniquesfor Algal Bioprocesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Ela Eroglu, Steven M. Smith and Colin L. Raston

3 Potentials of Exploiting Heterotrophic Metabolismfor Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45James Chukwuma Ogbonna and Navid R. Moheimani

4 Culture Systems Incorporating Heterotrophic Metabolismfor Biodiesel Oil Production by Microalgae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63James Chukwuma Ogbonna and Mark P. McHenry

5 Wastewater as a Source of Nutrients for MicroalgaeBiomass Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Koenraad Muylaert, Annelies Beuckels, Orily Depraetere,Imogen Foubert, Giorgos Markou and Dries Vandamme

6 Algae-Based Wastewater Treatment for Biofuel Production:Processes, Species, and Extraction Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95Stephen R. Lyon, Hossein Ahmadzadeh and Marcia A. Murry

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7 CO2 Environmental Bioremediation by Microalgae . . . . . . . . . . . 117Mohammad J. Raeesossadati, Hossein Ahmadzadeh,Mark P. McHenry and Navid R. Moheimani

8 Prospective Applications of Synthetic Biology for AlgalBioproduct Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137Basel Khraiwesh, Kenan Jijakli, Joseph Swift,Amphun Chaiboonchoe, Rasha Abdrabu, Pei-Wen Chao,Laising Yen and Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani

9 Molecular Genetic Techniques for Algal Bioengineering . . . . . . . . 155Kenan Jijakli, Rasha Abdrabu, Basel Khraiwesh,David R. Nelson, Joseph Koussa and Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani

10 Toward Applications of Genomics and Metabolic Modelingto Improve Algal Biomass Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani, Joseph Koussa, Bushra Saeed Dohai,Amphun Chaiboonchoe, Hong Cai, Kelly A.D. Dougherty,David R. Nelson, Kenan Jijakli and Basel Khraiwesh

11 Genetic Engineering for Microalgae Strain Improvementin Relation to Biocrude Production Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Evan Stephens, Juliane Wolf, Melanie Oey, Eugene Zhang,Ben Hankamer and Ian L. Ross

12 Harvesting of Microalgae by Means of Flocculation . . . . . . . . . . . 251Koenraad Muylaert, Dries Vandamme, Imogen Foubertand Patrick V. Brady

13 Industrial-scale Microalgae Pond Primary Dewatering Chemistryfor Energy-efficient Autoflocculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Patrick V. Brady, Mark P. McHenry, M. Carolina Cuelloand Navid R. Moheimani

14 Harvesting and Downstream Processing—andTheir Economics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289F.C. Thomas Allnutt and Ben A. Kessler

15 Potential of Converting Solar Energy to Electricityand Chemical Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311David Parlevliet and Navid R. Moheimani

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16 The Anaerobic Digestion of Microalgae Feedstock, “Life-CycleEnvironmental Impacts of Biofuels and Co-products” . . . . . . . . . 331Andrew James Ward

17 Economic and Energy Analysis of Large-Scale MicroalgaeProduction for Biofuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347Karne de Boer and Parisa A. Bahri

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367

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