Upload
priscilla-mulla-lazo
View
85
Download
2
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Manual de ayuda para principiantes en el aprendizaje del idioma inglés.
Citation preview
Jose Nato de Oliveira
55 12 96173024
55 12 82010511
Skype id: jose_sjc
NDICE DE CLASES DE INGLS
1. clase:
- Alphabet
- Greetings
- Verb TO BE
- Contracted Form
- Questions and answers
2. clase:
Ejercicios de fijacin
3. clase:
- Articles: a / an
- This, That, These, Those
- What's your name?
- Middle name
- Last name
- Complete name
- Surname
- Nickname
- Spell your name
- How old are you?
- Introducing people.
4. clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
5. clase:
- Where are you from? (Where is? Where are?)
- Nationalities
- Colors (flag colors)
- Address / zip code
- Phone number
6. clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
7. Clase:
- Numbers (1, 2, 3 ...)
- Ordinal numbers (1st, 2nd, 3rd ...)
- Time
- Dates (WHEN)
8. Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
9. Clase:
- Revisin de la prueba
10. Clase:
- Auxiliaries DO and Does
- Affirmative, negative, interrogative
- Plural of Nouns
11. Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin:
12. Clase:
- Home (rooms ... objects)
- Family
- Occupations
13. Clase:
- Adjectives (Opposites)
- Clothes
- Difference between wear and use
14. Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
15a Clase:
- Revisin de la prueba
16. Clase:
- Present Continuous or Progressive (ING)
- Affirmative, negative, interrogative
17. Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
18. Clase:
- Climate
- Seasons
- Weekdays
- Months
- Hours of the day (today, tonight, this morning)
- Breakfast, dinner, lunch, snack
- Food - likes / dislikes
19. Class
- Ejercicios de fijacin
20. Clase:
- Revisin + Prueba
NDICE DE CLASES DE INGLS
21 Clase:
- Prepositions: In, on, at
22 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
23 Clase:
- Genitive Case ('s)
24 Clase:
Ejercicios de fijacin
25 Clase:
- Countable nouns
- Uncountable Nouns
- Many / Much
- There is / there are
26 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
27 Clase:
- Physical appearance
- Appearance psychological
28 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
29 Clase:
- REVISION + TEST
30 Clase:
- Straight pronouns (I, you, he ...)
- Objects (me, his, her ...)
- Possessive (my, mine, hers ...)
- Reflexive (myself, herself ...)
31 Clase:
Ejercicios de fijacin
32 Clase
- Frequency Adverbs
- Adverbs of Intensity
33 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
34 Clase:
- Directions (how can I get there?)
(Block, street, corner ...)
35 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
36 Clase:
REVISIN + PRUEBA FINAL
37 Clase:
- Past Simple
- Regular Verbs
- Irregular verbs
- Questions and Answers
38 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
39 Clase
- Future
- Will / Shall
- Going to
40 Clase
- Ejercicios de fijacin
41 Clase:
- EXAMEN + PRUEBA FINAL 42 clase:
- Present Perfect
NDICE DE CLASES DE INGLS
43 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
44 Clase:
- Modal Auxiliary
Can / cannot / Could / could not
Must / mustn't / had to
Might, Might Not / May, May Not
45 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
46 Clase:
- Modal Auxiliaries (cont.)
Should / shouldn't
Would / would not
47 Clase:
Ejercicios de fijacin
48 Clase:
- REVISION + PRUEBA FINAL
49 Clase:
Comparison:
- Equality
- Inferiority
- Superiority
50 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
51 clase:
- Superlative
- Irregular comparative
52 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin:
53 Clase
- Used To
- Wherever, Whoever, Whatever, Whenever
54 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
55 Clase:
- REVISION + PRUEBA FINAL
56 Clase:
- Relative Pronouns
57 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
58 Clase:
- Somebody / someone / something
- Anybody / anyone / anything
- Nobody / no one / nothing
- Everybody / Everyone / Everything
59 Clase:
- Ejercicios de fijacin
60 Clase
- EXAMEN + PRUEBA FINAL
VERB TO BE
I =
YOU =
HE =
SHE =
IT =
WE =
YOU =
THEY =
VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
I am =
You are =
He is =
She is =
It is =
We are =
You are =
They are =
a) NEGATIVE FORM:
I am not =
You are not=
He is not =
She is not =
It is not =
We are not =
You are not =
They are not =
b) INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Am I? =
Are you? =
Is he? =
Is she? =
Is it? =
Are we? =
Are you? =
Are they? =
SINGULAR
PLURAL
CONTRACTED FORM:
Im
Youre
Hes
Shes
Its
Were
Youre
Theyre
CONTRACTED FORM:
Im not
Youre not / you arent
Hes not / he isnt
Shes not / she isnt
Its not / it isnt
Were not / we arent
Youre not / you arent
Theyre not / they arent
EXAMPLES:
I am a teacher
I am not a student
I am at school
You are a student
You are students
She is American
She is not Brazilian
We are Brazilian
It is a cat
It is in the car
Is he a doctor?
ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, he is.
NEGATIVE: No, he is not.
Are they at home now?
ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, they are.
NEGATIVE: No, they are not.
Are you tall?
ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, I am.
NEGATIVE: No I am not.
Is it a book?
ANSWERS => POSITIVE: Yes, it is.
NEGATIVE: No, it is not.
DIFERENCIA ENTRE "NO" y "NOT"
No se utiliza como una respuesta negativa.
EJ:
Is he a doctor?
No, he is not.
No se utiliza con verbos para formar oraciones negativas. Utilizamos NOT despus de un
verbo auxiliar, verbo modal, o un verbo TO BE.
EJ:
They are not there.
I Could not talk to Mary
He does not speak Spanish very well.
EXERCISES:
1) Put the verb TO BE in the correct form in the Present Simple:
a) The weather_____ very nice today.
b) I______ not tired.
c) This box _______ very heavy.
d) These boxes ______ very heavy.
e) The dog ______ asleep.
f) I ______ hot. Can you open the window, please?
g) This castle _______ older.
h) My brother and I _______ good tennis players.
i) Ann ________ at home, but her children ______ at school.
2) Write the questions as in example:
a) (Your mother at home) = Is your mother at home?
b) (Your parents at home) =
c) (This hotel expensive) =
d) (You interested in art) =
e) (The shops open today) =
f) (The park open today) =
3) Write the sentences from exercise number 2 in the negative form:
a) ____________________________________
b) ____________________________________
c) ____________________________________
d) ____________________________________
e) ____________________________________
f) ____________________________________
SALUDOS:
PREGUNTAS:
- How are you?
- How is it going?
- How are you doing ?
- Whats going on?
- How do you do?
- How have you been?
- Whats up?
- Hello!
- Hi, there!
RESPUESTAS:
- Im fine
- Im ok!
- Im all right
- Fine, thanks
- Not too bad
- So, so
- Wonderful
- Great
- Good / Well
- Cool / nice
- Better than never
- Pretty good
- Im trying my best
- See you later
- See you
Conociendo las personas
Texto
A Hi, Nice to meet you!
B - Nice to meet you too.
A - Whats your name? B- My name is Bill, and you?
A- My name is Beatriz, but they call me Bia.
B- Oh, what a cute nickname!
A- Thank you!
B- Whats your complete name?
A- My complete name is Beatriz Souza.
B- But how old are you?
A- Im 25 years old.
B- Hum maybe Ill call you soon!
A- Ok. Ill be waiting for your call soon. Bye!
B- Bye!
Whats your name?
(Cul es su nombre?)
My name is...
(Mi nombre es ...)
How old are you?
(Que edad tienes?)
Complete name / full name
(Nombre y apellido / Nombre completo)
First name
(Primero Nombre)
Middle name
(Segundo nombre)
Last name
(Nombre de familia)
Nickname
(Apodo)
Indroduce Somebody
(Indroducir Alguin)
Spell
(Deletrear)
Surname:
(Apellido)
ABECEDARIO
A EI
B BI
C CI
D DI
E I
F F
G GI
H EIT
I AI
J DJEI
K KEI
L L
M EM
N EN
O OU
P PI
Q QUIU
R AR
S S
T TI
U IU
V VI
W DBOUI
X X
Y UAI
Z ZI / ZED
ARTCULO INDEFINIDO A/AN
Los artculos indefinidos son usados con nombres contables singulares.
AN = Se utiliza a menudo con palabras que comienzan con una vocal:
an apple
an egg
an animal
A = se utiliza a menudo con palabras que comienzan con consonantes:
a man
a tree
a boy
Los sustantivos que comienzan en U con sonido de IU, utilizamos el artculo A:
a uniform
a university
a universe
Cuando el sustantivo comienza con H y el sonido se silencia, utilizamos AN:
an hour
an heir
an harmony
Cuando el sustantivo comienza con H y el sonido es de R, utilizamos A:
a hair
a hand
a home
"THIS" y "THESE" indican que la persona o cosa que estamos hablando esta cerca del hablante.
- This is my brother.
- These are my brothers
That y Those indican que la persona o cosa que estan lejos de la persona a quien se habla, o de
ambos.
- That is the best hotel in town.
- Those apples are really delicious.
Singular:
YES: This is a book
NEGATIVO: This isn't a book.
PREGUNTA: Is this the book?
EXERCISES:
1. Use A or AN:
A- I want ______ cup of tea.
B- I have ______ apple in the box.
C- I buy ______ sandwich everyday.
D- There is ______ hospital near here.
E- My uncle has ______ heir.
F- I have ______ umbrella and ______ pair of boots to wear in the rain.
G- There is ______ universe outside.
2. Use this, that, these and those:
a) ______ tomato is delicious (near)
b) ______ book is mine. (far)
c) ______ grapes are very nice. (near)
d) ______ book is mine. (near)
e) ______ shoes are dirty. (far)
f) ______ days I am lazy. (near)
g) ______ woman is beautiful. (far)
3. Answer the questions:
A- Whats your name?
__________________________________________________
B- How old are you?
__________________________________________________
C- Whats your surname?
__________________________________________________
D- Whats your complete name?
__________________________________________________
E- Whats your nickname?
__________________________________________________
F- Spell your middle name and give the letters sound.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
NACIONALIDADES
TEXTO:
A- Where are you from?
B- Im from Brazil, Im Brazilian.
A- Where is your house?
B- My house is in Sao Jose dos Campos.
A- Where, exactly?
B- I live at 18, Travessa Medeiros Vila Cristina. My Zip Code is 12211-124
A- And, whats your phone number?
B- My Home phone number is +55 12 39136919 and my cell phones are +55 12 82010511 and
+55 12 96173024
A- Whats your idiom in Brazil?
B- We speak Portuguese.
A- And, what color is your flag?
B- The flag is green, yellow, blue and white.
En Ingls, al escribir una direccin, se encuentra el nmero de la casa primero, y luego el nombre de
la calle, el nmero del apartamento, en su caso, el distrito, ciudad, estado y pas.
EJ:
694, River Street, apt. 11 Brooklyn, New York NY USA
Algunas abreviaturas:
St = calle
Ave = Avenida
Rd = Autopista
Where are you from?
Im from...
Whats your address?
I was born in September
I was born on September7th
Zip code
Phone number
Cell Phone
Nationality
Color of the flag
Idiom
Address
Los ejemplos de las Nacionalidades y de idiomas:
PAIS NACIONALIDAD IDIOMA
USA AMERICAN ENGLISH
AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH
CANADA CANADIAN ENGLISH / FRENCH
FRANCE FRENCH FRENCH
JAPAN JAPANESE JAPANESE
NORWAY NORWEGIAN NORWEGIAN
NETHERLANDS DUTCH DUTCH
MEXICO MEXICAN SPANISH
EGYPT EGYPTIAN EGYPTIAN
GERMANY GERMAN GERMAN
RUSSIA RUSSIAN RUSSIAN
BRAZIL BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
ENGLAND ENGLISH ENGLISH
GREECE GREEK GREEK
COLOMBIA COLOMBIAN SPANISH
SPAIN SPANISH SPANISH
LOS COLORES DE LAS BANDERAS
RED / WHITE CANADA FLAG
RED / WHITE / BLUE USA FLAG
RED / YELLOW SPAIN FLAG
BLACK / RED / ORANGE GERMANY FLAG
GREEN / WHIT / RED ITALY FLAG
COLORS
RED -
WHITE -
BLUE -
BLACK -
YELLOW -
GREEN -
PINK
LILAC -
PURPLE -
ORANGE
GREY -
BROWN -
BEIGE -
GOLDEN -
SILVER -
EXERCISES:
1. Answer the questions:
a) Where are you from?
___________________________________
b) When were you born?
___________________________________
c) Whats your phone number?
___________________________________
d) Whats your favorite color or colors?
___________________________________
e) What are the colors of Brazilian flag?
___________________________________
NMEROS
CUANTOS (AS)?
Los nmeros naturales desde 1 hasta 19 son el sufijo teen. Las docenas 20-90 se forman por el
sufijo ty.
0- zero ou o
1- one
2- two
3- three
4- four
5- five
6- six
7- seven
8- eight
9- nine
10- ten
11- eleven
12- twelve
13-thirteen
14- fourteen
15- fifteen
16- sixteen
17- seventeen
18- eighteen
19- nineteen
20- twenty
21- twenty-one
22- twenty-two
23- twenty-three
30- thirty
40- forty
50- fifty
60- sixty
70- seventy
80- eighty
90- ninety
100- a hundred
101- a hundred and one
110- a hundred and ten
120- a hundred and twenty
200- two hundred
1000- a thousand
1001- a thousand and one
1010- a thousand and ten
2000- two thousand
10,000- ten thousand
100,000- a hundred thousand
1,000,000- a million
1,000,000,000- a billion
Nmeros Ordinales
Los nmeros ordinales indican el orden o serie. Son formados con el sufijo TH, excepto
First (st), Second (nd) y Third (rd).
1st - first
2nd - second
3rd - third
4th - fourth
5th - fifth
6th - sixth
7th - seventh
8th - eighth
9th - ninth
10th - tenth
11th - eleventh
12th - twelfth
13th - thirteenth
14th - fourteenth
15th - fifteenth
16th - sixteenth
17th - seventeenth
18th - eighteenth
19th - nineteenth
20th - twentieth
21st twenty -first
22nd twenty-second
23rd- twenty-third
24th twenty-fourth
30th- thirtieth
31st thirty-first
40th - fortieth
41st- forty-first
50th - fiftieth
60th - sixtieth
70th - seventieth
80th - eightieth
90th - ninetieth
100th hundredth
101st hundred and first
200th two hundredth
1000th thousandth
1,000,000th - millionth
1,000,000,000th billionth
FECHAS
DAY BY DAY
Da a da:
10/21/1977
Mes / da / ao
Das Festivos
September, 7Th
December, 25Th
AO
Normalmente, el ao se "divide" en el medio para decir los nmeros:
1966 = nineteen and sixty-six
1900 = nineteen and hundred
1804= eighteen hundred and four
2005 = two thousand and five
Telfonos
Cuando dos o ms ceros se renen, por lo general el nmero de telfono se lee de la
siguiente manera:
735 - 7500 = seven three five seven five hundred
o
735 7000 = seven three- five seven thousand
o
735-7520 = seven three five seven five two o
El cero se puede interpretar como la letra O.
o
272-3374 = two seven two double three - seven four
Cuando hay dos nmeros repetidos en secuencia, se utiliza la palabra DOUBLE (Double).
USEFUL LANGUAGE:
Im twelve years old.
Im eleven and a half.
Im nearly twelve.
Im in my 20s.
Im over 20.
Im under 50.
TEXTO:
A- Hi Mark, what day is today?
B- Its May 19th.
B- And when is your birthday?
A- Its in May. On May 19th.
B- Oh, its today, congratulations!
Nota: Cuando se hace referencia nicamente a la mes, usamos la preposicin IN, pero
cuando el mes sigue al da, usamos la preposicin ON. Cuando nos referimos slo a los aos,
se utiliza la preposicin IN (IN 1989), o simplemente el da, usamos la preposicin AT, (AT
first / AT 1st).
EX, In May
On May 21st HOURS
OClock
O CLOCK = tiempo exacto
- HALF = Media hora, 30 minutos.
- A QUARTER = Un cuarto de na hora, 15 minutos.
- PAST = (minuto pasado)
- TO = (minutos para)
EXAMPLES:
HALF
A QUARTER A QUARTER
PAST TO
- Its 12 o clock
- Its twelve oclock
- Its noon
- Its twelve fifteen
- Its a quarter past twelve
- Its fifteen past twelve
En Ingls, no se puede decir "quince horas", "dieciocho horas", pero maana y tarde, para
definir si se trata de las tres de la tarde o la noche, por ejemplo.
PM proviene del latn y significa "ante meridiem" (antes del medioda) y PM "post meridiem"
(despus del medioda).
Para distinguir medioda desde la medianoche, utilizamos:
12:00 AM = Medianoche
12:00 PM= Medioda
Saludos:
- Good Morning
- Good Afternoon
- Good Evening (Cuando est en algn lugar)
- Good Night (Al salir de alguna parte)
- Its one thirty
- Its half past one
- Its two thirty-five
- Its thirty-five past two
- Its twenty-five to three
- Its two forty-five
- Its a quarter to two
- Its fifteen to two
EXERCISES
1) Write the name of the numbers:
a) 16 = ________________________________________
b) 20 = _______________________________________
c) 55 =________________________________________
d) 200 = _______________________________________
e) Eighty-eight = _________________________________
f) Two thousand and one = __________________________
g) Nineteen and fifty-one = _________________________
2) Write the ordinal numbers:
a) 3rd = _________________________________
b) 15th =_________________________________
c) 21st = _________________________________
d) Thirtieth = _____________________________
e) Thirteenth= ____________________________
f) Ninth = ________________________________
3) What time is it?
a)
b)
c)
AM:
d)
PM:
e)
DO y DOES AUXILLIARES
En Ingls, algunos verbos se pueden utilizar como un auxiliar, segn el tiempo en el que se
emplean. En el Presente Simple, utilizamos DO (verbo hacer) para apoyar oraciones
negativas e interrogativas en presente.
Ver ejemplos con el verbo To Live:
a) AFIRMATIVE FORM b) NEGATIVE FORM c) INTERROGATIVE FORM
I live
YOU live
HE lives
SHE lives
IT lives
WE live
YOU live
THEY live
En la forma afirmativa slo, pronombres HE, SHE, IT consigue "S" al final. En la forma
negativa (do not / does not) y interrogativas (do / does) el verbo DO acta como auxiliar,
por lo que no se requiere el uso de la "S" al final del verbo conjugado.
NOTA: El verbo en infinitivo, o primitivo, se TO = vivir = live / a = Wash Lavado / al amor =
amor. Al conjugar los verbos no es necesario el uso de TO.
Algunos ejemplos de oraciones:
- Jane lives in Mexico with John. They live there since 1989.
- Does Jane live in Mexico alone? Jane = she
RESPUESTAS => POSITIVAS: Yes, she does.
NEGATIVAS: No, she doesnt.
Respuesta Completa: No, she doesnt. She lives with John.
- Does your mother do exercises? Your mother = sua me = she
ANSWERS: POSITIVE: Yes, she does.
NEGATIVE: No, she doesnt.
OBS: Doesnt = DOES + NOT / Dont = Do + Not
I dont live
YOU dont live
HE doesnt live
SHE doesnt live
IT doesnt live
WE dont live
YOU dont live
THEY dont live
Do I live?
Do you live?
Does he live?
Does she live?
Does it live?
Do we live?
Do you live?
Do they live?
Finalizacin de los verbos en plural: Reglas
1. Para la mayora de los verbos, slo tiene que aadir la letra "S" para el infinitivo:
TO WORK: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Work HE/SHE/IT = Works
TO LIKE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Like HE/SHE/IT = Likes
TO LIVE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Live HE/SHE/IT = Lives
TO SPEAK: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Speak HE/SHE/IT = Speaks
2. Los verbos en el infinitivo que termina en "S", "SH", "CH" o "X", aadimos el sufijo "ES".
TO WASH: I / YOU /WE / THEY = wash HE/SHE/IT = Washes
TO WATCH: I / YOU /WE / THEY = watch HE/SHE/IT = Watches
TO FIX: I / YOU /WE / THEY = fix HE/SHE/IT = Fixes
3. Para los verbos GO, y DO, aadimos el sufijo "ES"
TO GO: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Go HE/SHE/IT = Goes
TO DO: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Do HE/SHE/IT = Does
4. Para el verbo TO HAVE, slo tiene que aadir "S":
TO HAVE: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Have HE/SHE/IT = Has
5. Para los verbos que terminan en Y, los sustituimos por IES:
TO STUDY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Study HE/SHE/IT = Studies
TO FLY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Fly HE/SHE/IT = Flies
TO CARRY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = Carry HE/SHE/IT = Carries
EXCEPCIONES: Cuando la "Y" es precedida por A/ E/ S/ U, slo queda la "S".
TO PLAY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = play HE/SHE/IT = plays
TO BUY: I / YOU /WE / THEY = buy HE/SHE/IT = buys
Los sustantivos tambin siguen esta regla para el plural. Slo que algunos sustantivos son
irregulares, o cambian la forma en que se escriben.
Child = children
Ox = oxen
Foot = feet
Goose = geese
Tooth = teeth
Gentleman = gentlemen
Man = men
Woman = women
Louse = lice
Mouse = mice
Algunos sustantivos, apenas contiendo la idea de dos o ms cantidades, slo se utilizan en el
plural:
Binoculars
Glasses
Trousers
Cattle
EXERCISES
1) Write these verbs in the third person (HE / SHE / IT): a) Read = reads
b) Repair =_______
c) Watch = _______
d) Listen = _______
e) Love = _______
f) Have = _______
g) Push = _______
h) Do = _______
i) Think = _______
j) Kiss = _______
k) Buy = _______
l) Go = _______
m) Fix = _______
n) Brush = _______
2. Complete the sentences: Use the correct form of these verbs:
a) Shes very clever. She speaks four languages.
b) Steve________________ten cigarettes a day.
c) We ________________dinner at 7 oclock.
d) I ________________films. I often ________________to the cinema.
e) Water ________________at 100 degrees Celsius.
f) In Britain, the banks ________________at 9:30 in the morning.
g) The City Museum________________ at 5 oclock every evening.
h) Food is expensive. It________________ a lot of money.
i) Shoes are expensive. They ________________ a lot of money.
j) Tina is a teacher. She ________________ mathematics to young children.
k) Your job is very interesting. You ________________ a lot of people.
l) Peter ________________ his hair twice a week.
3. Write the negative form of the statements:
a) I play the piano very well. I dont play the piano very well. b) Jack plays the piano very well. __________________________
c) You know the answer very well. _________________________
d) She works very hard. ________________________________
e) They do the same thing every day. _______________________
BOIL CLOSE COST COST GO HAVE
LIKE MEET OPEN SMOKE SPEAK
TEACH WASH
4. Write the opposite (positive or negative form):
a) I understand. I dont understand b) He doesnt smoke. __________________________________
c) They know. _______________________________________
d) She loves him. _____________________________________
e) They speak English. _________________________________
f) I dont want it. ____________________________________
g) She doesnt want them. ______________________________
h) He lives in Rome. ___________________________________
5. Write questions with DO or DOES:
a) I work hard, and you? Do you work hard? b) I play tennis, and you? _______________________________?
c) Lay tennis, and Ann? ______Ann _______________________?
d) I know the answer, and you? ___________________________?
e) I like hot weather, and you? ___________________________?
f) I smoke, and your father? _____________________________?
g) I do exercises every morning, and you? ___________________?
h) I speak English, and your friends? _______________________?
i) I want to be famous, and you? __________________________?
6. Write the positive or negative short answers (yes, he does / No, I dont)
a) Do you smoke? No, I dont b) Do you live in a big city? __________________________________ c) Do you drink a lot of coffee? _______________________________ d) Does your mother speak English? ___________________________ e) Do you play any musical instrument? __________________________ f) Does it rain a lot where you live? ___________________________
FAMILY TREE
GRANDMOTHER
LOUIS JORGE
SARAH BRIAN
LISA
Our family is big!
I am Richard, Im 17 years old!
My mother is called Lisa and my father is called John. Mary, is my grandmother, she is
married with Joseph, my grandfather. I dont know my great grandparents, they live in
England. I have an uncle called Louis; he is a very nice person! He is my aunt Emmas
brother. My cousins Brian and Donna dont live with their parents, they study abroad, but
their father, uncle Jorge, misses them a lot. They are my parents nephew and niece.
My sister Sarah and my little brother Jack live with my family and me. On next Sunday will
be my uncles birthday; uncle Louis will be 30 years old, and my daddy will make a party,
because he likes his brother-in-law very much.
Uncle Jorge and aunt Emma had practiced with their children a beautiful song to sing for
my uncle Louis. It will be a very nice party!
Uncle Louis complains a lot, because he doesnt have a girlfriend yet. Some years ago, he
got a girlfriend, but she had a child and my uncle doesnt want a stepson in his life. He
thinks that he will not be a good stepfather.
Today is very difficult to find the right person, but our family is praying for he gets a
girlfriend, and one day, he will get married and will have a lot of children and I will have
many cousins and nieces!
Great Grandmother = tatarabuela
Great Grandfather = tatarabuelo
Great Granddaughter = biznieta
Great Grandson = biznieto
Grandmother = abuela
Grandfather = abuelo
Granddaughter = nieta
Grandson = nieto
Mother = madre
Father = padre
Husband = esposo
Wife = esposa
Son = hijo
Daughter = hija
Sister = hermana
Brother = hermano
Mother-in-law = Suegra
Father-in-law = Suegro
Daughter-in-law = Nora
Daughter-in-law = hija-en-ley
Son-in-law = yerno
Cousin = Primo / Prima
Nephew = sobrio
Niece = sobria
Aunt = Tia
Uncle = Tio
Brother-in-law = cuado
Sister-in-law = cuada
Step-mother = madrasta
Step-father = padrasto
Stepson = hijastro
Stepdaughter = hijastra
Godmother = madria
Godfather = Padrio
Goddaughter = ahijada
Godson = ahijado
Girlfriend = novia
Boyfriend = novio
OCCUPATIONS
Hi, my name is Sarah, Im 15 years old. Im Richards sister and I am here to tell you what
each person of my family does.
My Grandmother Mary is housewife; she takes care of her house all the time and makes
food to my Grandpa. My Grandfather Joseph is a carpenter. I think he is the best
carpenter of our city. He makes furniture for special places and little objects made in
wood.
My Daddy is a lawyer; he works in the forum from Monday until Friday solving problems
that people ask some help to him. Im so proud of my Daddy, he is very honest.
My mother Lisa is a dentist; she never lets us go to bed if we dont brush our teeth!
My brothers Jack, Richard and me are students. I dont know what I will do as occupation.
Richard wants to be an architect and Jack, the youngest, wants to be an astronaut. Poor
Jack! He must study a lot!
My uncle Louis works with my uncle Jorge. They work on sales at their bookstore.
My aunt Emma is an Engineer. She works a lot on building many houses and apartments in
the city.
Brian and Donna study abroad, but they are almost graduated. Brian will be a doctor and
Donna will be a photographer. They have a shining career in their lives!
TEACHER Profesor STUDENT Estudiante OPERATOR Telefonista HOMEMAKER / HOUSEWIFE Ama de casa MAID / HOUSEMAID Mucama CLEANER / CHARWOMAN Mujer/ hombre de limpieza MECHANIC Mecnico DRIVER (taxi driver, truck driver) Conductor CONSTRUCTION WORKER Trabajador de la construccin ROAD WORKER / FACTORY WORKER trabajador del camino/ fbrica NIGHT WATCHMAN Vigilante SINGER Cantante POLICE OFFICER / POLICEMAN Oficial de policia DOCTOR Doctor DENTIST Dentista ENGINEER Ingeniero GROCER Tendero BUTCHER Carnicero BAKER / BREADMAN Panadero COOK / CHEF Cocinero
SECRETARY Secretaria, secretario SHOP ASSISTANT / SALES CLERCK Taller auxiliar LAWYER / ATTORNEY / ADVOCATE Abogado POSTMAN / MAILMAN Cartero PLAYER (football player, basket player) Jugador (jugador de ftbol, jugador de baloncesto) FIREFIGHTER / FIREMAN Bombero BRICKLAYER / MASON Albail PLUMBER / PIPEFITTER Fontanero VETERINARIAN / VET Veterinario HAIRDRESSER Peluquero (a) PHOTOGRAPHER Fotgrafo MODEL / TOP MODEL Modelo BODYGUARD Guardaespaldas VIGILANT / WATCHMAN Vigilante SECURITYMAN / SECURITY GUARD Guardia de seguridad TYPIST Mecangrafo TECHNICIAN Tcnico CARPENTER / WOODWORKER Carpintero
EXERCISES:
1. Write the occupations in the pictures:
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_______________
__
__________
ENGINEER, FIREMAN,
DENTIST, BAKER,
NURSE, DOCTOR
HANGER
CLOTHES
SHOES
ROOMS
HOME
HOUSE
LIVING-ROOM OU SITTING-ROOM
BEDROOM
KITCHEN
BATHROOM
LAUNDRY
GARAGE
DINNING-ROOM
WASHBASIN
GARDEN
YARD
BASEMENT
ATTIC
1. What do you have in your bedroom?
BED
BEDSPREAD / SHEET
LAMP
SHADE
BED SIDE TABLE
PLUG
CABLE
KNOB
DRAWER
MIRROR
WARDROBE
LIPSTICK
PERFUME
HAIRDRYER
CRADLE
TOYS BOX
NAIL
POLISH
MATTRESS
PILLOW
PILLOW CASE
2. What do you have in your Sitting-Room and in your Dining-Room?
SOFA
RACKSHELF
VIDEOCASSETTE
DVD PLAYER
TELEVISION SET
MICROSYSTEM
RECORD PLAYER
CASSETTE
PLAYER
SOUNDSPEAKER CD PLAYER
CHAIR
SUPPER TABLE
TELEPHONE
FLOWER
VASE
CLOCK
LUSTER
ASHTRAY
SWITCH / LIGHT
INTERRUPTOR
SOCKET
CURTAINS
PICTURE
FRAME
FAN /VENTILATOR
DOOR HANDLE
DOOR KNOB
TABLE CLOTH
3. What do you have in your bathroom?
BATHTUB
TRASH AND SANITARY BRUSH
TOILET
PAPER
NIGHT POT
PISS POT
SHOWER
TOILET
VASE
TAP
DRAIN
SINK / WASHBOWL/ WASHBASIN
PIPE
FLUSHING TANK/
LAVATORY
CISTERN /
FLUSH
BATH
TOWEL
CARPET
COMB
HAIR BRUSH
TOOTH
PASTE
SHAMPOO
TOILET SOAP
TOOTH
BRUSH
SHAVER
4. What do you have in your laundry?
WASHING MACHINE
BROOM
RAKE
CLOTHES BRUSH
DUSTPAN
IRON
WAXING MACHINE
BUCKET
SOAP
CLOTHES LINE
CLOTHES PEG
SINK
IRONING BOARD
FEATHER
BROOM/ DUSTER
PANTS /
TROUSERS
5. What do you have in your kitchen?
STOVE
BREAD CAKE TEA
JAR
FORM
FILTER
SAUCEPAN
SIEVE
CORKSCREW
SPOON
FORK
KNIFE
SALT POT
NAPKIN
PLATES
SUGAR POT
CUP
TOASTER
FOOD-MIXER
BLENDER
MATCHES
PEPPER POT
REFRIGERATOR/
FRIDGE
MICROWAVE OVEN
FRUIT
JUICE BOTTLE
COFFEE
POT
GLASSES
CUPBOARD
STOPPER
6. CLOTHES:
T-SHIRT
SKIRT
HAT
BLOUSE/SWEATER
DRESS
SUIT
JACKET
PANTY BRA
UNDERWEAR
TIE
BOWTIE
BELT
JUMP SUIT
BATHROBE
TENNIS SHOE /
SNICKER
SANDAL
SLIPPER / FLIP FLOP
SHOE BOOT
VEST
SHORTS
BLAZER / COAT
SOCKS
CAP
GLOVE
SCARF
SUNGLASSES
WATCH
ADJETIVOS Y OPUESTOS
Los adjetivos tambin se colocan en los dos sexos, masculino y femenino, y no cambian
durante el plural y singular.
EJ: A tall boy
A tall girl
Tall boys
Tall girls
En Ingls, el adjetivo precede al sustantivo:
EJ: Red car
Si ms de un adjetivo para calificar el sustantivo existir, deben estar separados por comas,
o incluso ser incrementado por un AND o BUT.
A long and tedious class
A competent but rude young doctor
El adjetivo tambin se puede utilizar despus de los verbos:
The house is large and sunny.
LA ORDEN DE LOS ADJETIVOS:
1. Material
Plastic pots
2. Nacionalidad / origen
Japanese plastic pots
3. Color
Red Japanese plastic pots
4. Forma
Round, red Japanese plastic pots.
5. Dimensin
Big, round, red Japanese plastic pots
6. Calidad
New, big, round, red Japanese plastic pots.
Clmate! Construcciones con varios adjetivos que modifican el mismo sustantivo no ocurren
con frecuencia!
Los opuestos, son antnimos de las palabras.
Veremos este tema brevemente, como los opuestos es ms una cuestin de vocabulario que
una cuestin gramatical.
Right / wrong
Good / bad
Well / badly
tall / short
Full / empty
Dirty / clean
Beautiful / ugly
Fat / slim (thin)
Healthy / sick
Short / long
Large (wide) / strait (narrow)
Bright / dark
Bad / Tasty
Loud / low
Happy / sad
Los opuestos tambin son adjetivos.
PRESENTE PROGRESIVO
El Presente Progresivo est formado por el verbo TO BE ms el verbo principal, ms el
sufijo ING.
Affirmative Form:
I Am living
He/ She/ It Is living
We/ You/ They Are living
Negative Form:
I am not living
He/ She/ It is not living
We/ You/ They are not living
Interrogative Form:
Am I living?
Is He/ She/ It living?
Are We/ You/ They living?
Negative-interrogative form:
am I not living?
is He/ She/ It not living?
are We/ You/ They not living?
NOTA: En el verbo Presente Progresivo TO BE tambin se utiliza en forma contrada en
declaraciones afirmativas, negativas, interrogativas y negativas-interrogativas. (Forma
contrada)
El Presente Progresivo se utiliza para expresar:
1. Una accin que est en curso en el momento de hablar. Expresiones de momento como
ahora, por el momento (at the moment) a menudo acompaan al verbo.
The baby is sleeping at the moment
Sally is walking in the park now
2. Actividades temporales que no se estn produciendo necesariamente en el momento de
hablar:
Fred is taking a course on computer programming this semester.
Theyre building a new supermarket near my house
3. Una accin programada. Adverbios, frases adverbiales como esta hoy por la noche
(tonight), maana (tomorrow), proximo mes (next month), etc... son de uso comn:
Were visiting Cancun next week
Bob is meeting Ann tonight
4. Una accin que se repite constantemente. Expresiones como siempre (always),
constantemente (constantly), invariablemente (invariably), siempre sigue al verbo.
My next door neighbor is always borrowing my vaccum cleaner.
(Mi vecino de al lado siempre est pidiendo prestado mi aspiradora)
Shes constantly arguing with her husband in front of the children.
(Est discutiendo constantemente con su marido delante de los hijos)
5. Verbos terminados con vocal pierden esa vocal y por lo general se suma slo el ING
sufijo.
Love = loving
Write = writing
Ride = Riding
REGLA DE SANDWICH:
Cuando el verbo viene termina con Consonante + Vocal + Consonante cuando se ponen en
Presente Progresivo, doblamos la ltima consonante antes de aadir ING:
To Stop = stopping
To Sit = sitting
To Run = Running
To Swim = Swimming
EXCEPCIN:
a) Las palabras que terminan en Y y W no se consideran consonantes:
To Snow = snowing
To Play = playing
b) En palabras largas, con 2 o ms slabas, si la ltima slaba es tnica, no doblamos la
consonante:
To Happen = Happening
To Visit = Visiting
To Remember = Remembering
To Listen = Listening
EXERCISES:
1. Put the verbs in the Present Progressive: a) To work=________________________________
b) To cook=________________________________
c) To read=________________________________
d) To eat =________________________________
e) To do= _________________________________
f) To drink = ______________________________
g) To watch = ______________________________
h) To sleep = ______________________________
i) To sing = _______________________________
j) To dance = ______________________________
k) To study = ______________________________
l) To write = ______________________________
m) To smoke = ______________________________
n) To type = _______________________________
2. Change the statement to the Present Progressive. So rewrite in the negative and
interrogative forms.
a) I eat cake in my bedroom. PP=__________________________________________
N=__________________________________________
I= __________________________________________
b) Julio plays football everyday.
PP=__________________________________________
N=__________________________________________
I= __________________________________________
c) Rain outside.
PP=__________________________________________
N= __________________________________________
I= __________________________________________
d) We watch movies in the cinema.
PP=__________________________________________
N= __________________________________________
I= ___________________________________________
4. What are they doing?
To Drive
To Play
To Fish
To Take a Bath
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
_________
SEASONS (Estaciones)
In the FALL, the leaves fall down a lot. The weather is cold and wet.
(En el otoo, las hojas caen tambin. El tiempo es fro y hmedo)
In the WINTER, is freezing cold in the USA. It often snows, and everybody wears
too much clothes.
(En invierno, es fro en los EE.UU.. A menudo nieva y utiliza todo el mundo
demasiada ropa)
In the SUMMER, the weather is very hot. We go to the beach regularly.
(En el verano, el clima es muy caliente. Vamos regularmente a la playa)
In the SPRING, the days are beautiful! There are flowers everywhere and the
weather is nice. Not so hot, not so cold.
(En la primavera, los das son hermosos! Hay flores por todas partes y el clima es
agradable. No muy caliente, y ni tan fro)
DAYS OF THE WEEK
(Dias de La Semana)
Sunday = Domingo
Monday = Lunes
Tuesday = Martes
Wednesday = Miercoles
Thursday = Jueves
Friday = Viernes
Saturday = Sbado
I usually go to church on SUNDAYS. I love it a lot!
(Yo suelo ir a la iglesia los Domingos)
I seldom stay at home on SATURDAYS night.
(Rara vez me quedo en casa Sbados por la noche)
On FRIDAYS, I frequently go to the fair.
(Los Viernes, yo suelo ir a la feria)
AUTUMN / FALL
WINTER
SUMMER
SPRING
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
(MESES DEL AO)
JANUARY / JAN =Enero
FEBRUARY / FEB = Febrero
MARCH / MAR = Marzo
APRIL / APR = Abril
MAY / MAY = Mayo
JUNE / JUN = Junio
JULY / JUL = Julio
AUGUST / AUG = Agosto
SEPTEMBER / SEP= Septiembre
OCTOBER / OCT = Octubre
NOVEMBER / NOV= Noviembre
DECEMBER / DEC = Diciembre
I was born in October. It was a Sunday!
Yo nac en octubre. Era un domingo!
On May 1st is an international holiday. Its the Labor Day.
El 1 de mayo es un da festivo internacional. Es el Da del Trabajo.
Christ was born on December 25th from year 1.
Cristo naci el 25 de Diciembre del ao 1.
On April 1st, is the Lie Day. Everybody usually does tricks with friends.
El 1 de abril, es el Da de la mentira. Todo el mundo suele hacer trucos con amigos.
THE DAYS AND HOURS
Los das y Las Horas
YESTERDAY TODAY TOMORROW
MORNING Yesterday Morning This Morning Tomorrow Morning
AFTERNOON Yesterday Afternoon This Afternoon Tomorrow Afternoon
NIGHT Last night Tonight Tomorrow Night
Para hablar de las horas del da, la semana, por lo de ayer, hoy o maana, usamos algunas
reglas
Yesterday morning, I cut my hair. (Ayer por la maana, me cort el pelo.)
The movie that I watched yesterday afternoon was so good! (La pelcula que vi ayer por
la tarde era tan bueno!)
Last Night, I enjoyed myself a lot! (Anoche, me divert mucho!)
This morning, I woke up early. (Esta maana, me despert temprano.)
This afternoon, we played soccer. (Esta tarde, jugamos al ftbol.)
Tonight, I celebrate my love for you (Esta noche, yo celebro mi amor por ti.)
Tomorrow morning, I need to go to the supermarket. (Maana por la maana tengo que ir
al supermercado.)
Tomorrow afternoon, I need to go to the doctor. (Maana por la tarde, tengo que ir al
mdico.)
Tomorrow night, will be my birthdays party. (Maana por la noche, ser la fiesta de mi
cumpleaos.)
30/01/05 ONE WEEK AGO (Hace una semana)
2/02/05 3 DAYS AGO (Hace 3 Dias)
3/02/05 THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY (Anteayer)
5/02/05 YESTERDAY (Ayer)
6/02/05 TODAY (Hoy)
7/02/05 TOMORROW (Maana)
8/02/05 THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW (El da despues de la maana)
9/02/05 IN 3 DAYS (En 3 Dias)
14/02/05 IN 1 WEEK (En 1 semana)
14/03/05 IN ONE MONTH (En un mes)
14/05/05 IN ONE BIMESTER (En un bimestre)
14/09/05 IN ONE SEMESTER (En un semestre)
14/03/06 IN ONE YEAR (En un ao)
Decir que algo ha pasado en un mes, el ao, la semana ... atrs, usamos la palabra AGO.
- Three days ago (hace tres das)
Cuando algo va a suceder todava, una fecha lejos utiliza la preposicin IN.
- In one week. (En una semana)
Si algo es ya el prximo da, mes, semana, tambin utilizamos la expresin NEXT.
- On next week . (La prxima semana)
Si ha sucedido algo, tambin podemos utilizar la palabra LAST.
- Something happened on last week (algo que sucedi en la ltima semana)
EXERCISES:
1. Answer the following questions: a) Whats the first month of the year? _______________________________
b) Whats the last month? __________ _______________________________
c) Whats the date today? _________________________________________
d) Whats the date tomorrow? ______________________________________
e) What was the date yesterday? ____________________________________
f) What day of the week is today? ___________________________________
g) When is your birthday? _________________________________________
h) When is the Christmas? _________________________________________
i) When is Easter? ______________________________________________
j) When is the Independence Day in Brazil? ____________________________
2. Match the following phrases to the picture below:
(1) Many flowers
(2) Lets go swimming!
(3) It snows a lot.
(4) They are yellow and red now.
3. Whats the weather like in:
a) Rio de Janeiro __________________________________________
b) Argentina _____________________________________________
c) The Amazon ___________________________________________
d) Fortaleza _____________________________________________
e) Braslia _______________________________________________
f) Sibria _______________________________________________
g) Porto Alegre ___________________________________________
h) California ______________________________________________
i) Hawaii ________________________________________________
COMIDA Y BEBIDA
Breakfast Desayuno
Lunch - Almuerzo
Snack - Cafetera
Dinner - Cena
Supper Cena
Cuando nos referimos al acto de comer, usamos la palabra HAVE juntos, para preguntar o
responder:
- Do you want to have a lunch? - Usted quiere almuerzar?
No, thanks. I had a lunch before. No, gracias. Yo almorc antes.
Utilizamos la expresin HAD aqu porque el acto es en el pasado. (HAD pasado de HAVE)
- I need to have a dinner, Im hungry! - Es necesario disponer de una cena, tengo hambre!
- Lets have a snack in the caf?- Vamos a tomar un aperitivo en la cafetera?
WHICH AND WHAT
(Qu Y Cual)
Cuando le preguntas a alguien algo, y la respuesta tiene ms de una opcin, en lugar de
utilizar WHAT, utilizamos WHICH, lo que tambin significa QU o CUAL.
EX:
Whats your name?
My name is John
En este caso, la posibilidad de la respuesta es slo una. La pregunta se refiere a algo exacto
Which kind of food do you like?- (Qu tipo de comida te gusta?)
I like pasta and salad.- (Eu gosto de massa e salada)
En este caso se abre una gama de opciones de respuesta.
LIKES AND DISLIKES
(Le Gusta y No Le Gusta)
Para expresar nuestra opinin sobre gustar de algo o no gustar, utilizamos LIKE - el verbo
Le Gustar y DISLIKE- No Le Gustar, que tambin puede ser reemplazado por DONT LIKE
o DOESNT LIKE.
I like the summer. Which season do you prefer? (Me gusta el verano. Qu estacin te
gusta ms?)
I prefer the winter, because in the Summer I feel bad. (Prefiero el invierno, porque en el
verano me siento mal.)
Si la respuesta a la preferencia de algo es "ningun, ninguna," usar la palabra NONE.
- Which kind of meat do you prefer, chicken or fish?
Qu tipo de carne se prefiere, de pollo o de pescado?
- None!
- (Ninguno!)
Sin embargo, cuando la respuesta es "las dos, los dos, ambos, ambas" usar la palabra
BOTH.
- Which do you prefer, pizza or ice cream?
(Qu prefieres, pizza o helado?)
- I like both!
(Me gustan las dos cosas!)
EXERCISES
1. Complete com Which or What:
a) ____________ time does the class start?
b) ____________ season do you prefer: Winter or summer?
c) ____________ kind of music do you like?
d) ____________ do you have for breakfast?
e) ____________ time to go home?
f) ____________ sport do you prefer: football or volley?
g) ____________ is your book, this one or that one?
h) ____________ is your nationality?
i) ____________ time do you get up?
2. Answer the questions according to yourself:
a) Do you like pizza or barbecue?
b) _______________________________________
c) Which do you prefer: ice cream or pudding?
d) _______________________________________
e) Do you like crude fish?
f) _______________________________________
g) Do you like traveling?
h) _______________________________________
i) Which do you prefer, toothache or headache?
j) _______________________________________
k) Which do you prefer, country music or rock?
l) _______________________________________
m) What color do you like?
n) _______________________________________
o) Which place do you prefer, country or beach?
p) _______________________________________
PREPOSICIONES AT
1. Indica local:
- The children are at school now. [Los nios estn en la escuela ahora]
2. Al, A (indica movimiento o la direccin)
- Aim at the target and shoot. [Apunte al alvo y dispare]
- James threw a stone at my cat. [James tir una piedra a mi gato]
3. A la, A las (con horas)
- Lunch will be served at 1 oclock sharp. [El almuerzo ser servido a la una en punto].
4. A (con precio)
- Those sweaters are not for sale at ten dollars. [Los sweaters no estn en venta a diez
dlares]
EXPRESIONES:
- At Christmas, at the end, at present
(En Navidad, al final, en la actualidad...)
IN
1. En / dentro de / en el medio de:
- They are living in London [Ellos estn viviendo en Londres]
- The child is lost in the crowd [El nio se pierde en la multitud]
EXPRESIONES:
1. En un / el coche (taxi, carro, camin)
In town [En la ciudad]
In the air [En el aire]
In the snow [En la nieve]
In front of [Delante de]
2. Para Direcciones
- They went in / into the house [Entraron / en la casa]
- He dived in / into the lake [Se meti en el lago]
3. Con ao, Estaciones, Meses y Horas
- Liza was born in 1964. [Liza naci en 1964]
- I love Boston in the summer. [Me encanta Boston en el verano]
- Tony and Sandra were married in May. [Tony y Sandra se casaron en mayo]
- The children go to school in the morning. [Los nios van a la escuela por la maana]
4. Indica material o modo
- Please, write the composition in ink [Por favor, escribir la composicin con tinta]
- Dolores stared at them in sorrow [Dolores qued mirando con tristeza]
5. Cantidades
- We always buy wheat in bulk [Siempre compramos trigo a granel]
6. Con idiomas
- I always speak in Italian [Yo siempre hablo en italiano]
ON
2. En contacto con otra superficie
- The dog is lying on the grass [El perro est tumbado en la hierba]
- The book is on the table. [El libro est sobre la mesa]
EXPRESSIONS: On TV, on the road, on board, on land...
[En la televisin, en la carretera, en el barco / a bordo, en la tierra]
3. Las fechas y das de la semana
- Melissa was born on April 9th, 1991 [Melissa naci el 09 de abril 1991]
- We went to the movies on Saturday [Fuimos al cine el sbado]
EXPRESIONES:
On Easter Sunday [El Domingo de Pascua]
On Labor Day [En el Da del Trabajo]
On New Years Eve / Day [La noche / Da de Ao Nuevo]
4. Lugar
- I talked to my mother on / over the telephone yesterday [He hablado con mi madre en el/
por telfono ayer]
- I watch the news on TV [Veo las noticias en la televisin].
- I enjoy listening to music on the radio [Me gusta escuchar msica en la radio]
COMENTARIOS GENERALES
Se utiliza IN con los continentes, pases, estados, regiones geogrficas, ciudades, barrios,
direccin, ao, hora del da, material, modo, las cantidades y los idiomas.
Se utiliza ON cuando el medio de transporte es un animal cuando se camia a pie, cuando
est en contacto con otra superficie, los das de la semana, las fechas especficas y en
ciertos lugares.
Se utiliza AT con determinados lugares pequeos o especificos y antes ciudades pequeas,
tambin movimiento, direccin, horas y precio.
LAS PREPOSICIONES DE LUGAR
IN = idea de "dentro", se utiliza para
planes ms GENERALES.
ON = idea de "arriba" se utiliza para
planes un poco ms especfico;
AT = "ON" idea exacta de un plan
EXACTO, muy especfico.
EXERCISES:
1. Answer the questions using in, on, at.
a) Where are the places that you like to rest?
_____________________________________________
b) When is your birthday?
_____________________________________________
c) Which year were you born?
_____________________________________________
2) Complete: (Use in, on, at.)
a) The Christmas is _______ December 25th.
b) I wake up _______ 7 oclock.
c) I speak _______English_______my work.
d) _______ Easter I eat chocolate eggs.
Genitive Case
(Caso Genitivo)
En Ingls, se acostumbra a usar en la maera ms popular el apstrofe + s ('s) para decir
que algo pertenece a alguien. La preposicin "of" es una de las maneras ms formales, ms
viejas y menos usuales para indicar la posesin:
Ej:
United States of America
Para entender mejor cmo funciona la regla, es suficiente imaginar que la palabra que est
con el apstrofe "es la duea o el dueo de lo que viene adelante:
EJ:
This is Peters car
Es el coche de Peter.
Cuando se indica la posesin de varias cosas a la vez, utilice el apstrofe slo en la ltima
palabra:
EJ:
*That is Lisa, Donna, Richard and Edwards house.
Esa es la casa de Lisa, Donna, Richard y Edward.
Para indicar que algo pertenece a dos personas diferentes, utilizamos dos apstrofes:
EJ:
Lisas and Jacks dog
El perro de Lisay el perro de Jack.
- Si un perro fuisen tambin de los dos:
Lisa and Jacks dog.
El perro de Lisa y Jack. *
Si el nombre o una palabra termina con S slo ponga el apstrofe despus de la "S (S '):
EX: Louis bicycle
Bicicleta de Louis
Ejemplos con preguntas:
Whose is that car? (De quin es ese coche?)
That car is Peters (Ese coche es de Pedro.)
Is this Peters car? (Este o carro do Peter?)
Yes, it is. (Sim, este .)
Is this your car? (Este es su coche?)
No, its Marys. (No, es de Mara.)
EXERCISES
Our family is big!
I am Richard; Im 17 years old!
My mother is called Lisa and my father is called John. Mary, is my grandmother, she is
married with Joseph, my grandfather. I dont know my great grandparents, they live in
England. I have an uncle called Louis; he is a very nice person! He is my aunt Emmas
brother. My cousins Brian and Donna dont live with their parents, they study abroad, but
their father, uncle Jorge, misses them a lot. They are my parents nephew and niece.
My sister Sarah and my little brother Jack live with my family and me. On next Sunday will
be my uncles birthday; uncle Louis will be 30 years old, and my daddy will make a party,
because he likes his brother-in-law very much.
Uncle Jorge and aunt Emma had practiced with their children a beautiful song to sing for
my uncle Louis. It will be a very nice party!
Uncle Louis complains a lot, because he doesnt have a girlfriend yet. Some years ago, he
got a girlfriend, but she had a child and my uncle doesnt want a stepson in his life. He
thinks that he will not be a good stepfather.
Today is very difficult to find the right person, but our family is praying for he gets a
girlfriend, and one day, he will get married and will have a lot of children and I will have
many cousins and nieces!
1. Answer the questions using the Genitive Case, based in the text above:
a) Is Louis Richards father?
____________________________________________
b) Is Mary Donnas Grandmother?
____________________________________________
c) Is Lisa Brians mother?
____________________________________________
d) Whose father is John?
____________________________________________
e) The birthdays party, on next Sunday, is Jorges?
____________________________________________
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
(Sustantivos Contables y Incontables)
Los sustantivos concretos (todo lo que podemos tocar) se clasifican en contables y
incontables.
Los sustantivos contables son todo lo que se puede determinar una cantidad visible.
EX:
an apple = una manzana
a box = una caja
a sugar bag = un saco de azcar
Los sustantivos incontables son los que son imposible determinar la cantidad exacta:
EJ:
Sugar = Azcar ==> es imposible determinar el nmero de granos en un saco.
Azcar una bolsa de azcar.
Agua de una jarra de agua.
Incluyendo dinero para los americanos es incontable. Es posible contar las notas, pero no el valor.
THERE IS = Hay, Existe
THERE ARE = Han, Existen
EX:
There is a woman in the park = Hay una mujer en el parque
There are two women in the park = Hay dos mujeres en el parque
Para preguntar sobre sustantivos contables y incontables, utilice el pronombre indefinido
ANY (algun, alguna para frases interrogativas-negativas.
EJ:
Do you have any relatives here- Tiene algn pariente aqu?
Dont you have any relatives here? - No tiene algn pariente aqu?
Utilizamos SOME para algunas preguntas slo cuando la respuesta esperada es afirmativa
EJ:
There are some books on the table, arent there?
Hay algunos libros sobre la mesa, no?
RESPUESTAS:
EJ:
Is there any woman in the park? (Hay alguna mujer en el parque?)
Yes, there is SOME. (S, hay algunas)
Is there any child in the park? [Hay algn nio en el parque?]
No, there isnt ANY. [No, no hay ningun]
Siempre usamos ANY para hacer una pregunta. La respuesta positiva cuando se utiliza
SOME (algun, alguna, algunos, algunas ) y cuando es negativa utilice ANY (ninguno, ninguna o
alguno, alguna).
MANY, MUCH, LITLLE, FEW
Much = mucho, mucha
Many = Muchos, muchas
Little = poco, poca
Few = pocos, pocas
Mucho y Little son utilizados con sustantivos incontables. Ambos pueden ser utilizados
como un pronombre.
EJ:
He doesnt drink much coffee (Adjectivo) (l no bebe mucho caf)
She drinks little tea (Adjetivo) (ella bebe poco t)
How much money do you spend a day? - Cunto dinero gasta en un da?
Respuesta: Not much. (Pronombre). (No Mucho)
- She said there was a lot of food in the refrigerator, but there was little (pronombre)
(Ella dijo que haba una gran cantidad de alimentos en el refrigerador, pero haba poco.)
Cuando Little y Few han precedido del artculo A, ahora cuenta con una connotacin ms
positiva:
A little = no mucho, no mucha, pero algun, alguna
A few = no muchos, no muchas), pero algunos, algunas
EX:
Few people came over for the talk on AIDS- (Pocas personas se acercaron a la charla
sobre el AIDS.)
NOTA: Much y Many se utilizan preferentemente en oraciones negativas e
interrogativas. En oraciones afirmativas, por lo general se sustituyen por a lot of, lots
of, o plenty of:
He spends a lot of money on books
He spends lots of money on books (l Gasta mucho dinero en libros)
He spends plenty of money on books
EXERCISES
1. Match each item in the pictures with one word in the box, say if it is Countable (C)
or Uncountable (U):
2. Say what there is on the table:
a) Is there any milk on the table?
_____________________________________
b) Is there any flour?
_____________________________________
BREAD
MILK
WINE
BANANAS
CARROTS
STRAWBERRIES
CHEESE
APPLE
RICE
PAPAYA
EGGS
BEER
TEA
MEAT
SWEETS
HAMBURGER
PINEAPPLE
GRAPES
OIL
COOKIES
c) Are there any tomatoes?
_____________________________________
d) Are there any peaches on the table?
____________________________________
e) Are there any fruits on the table?
_____________________________________
3. Use How Much or How Many:
a) ___________ money do you get a month?
b) ___________ sisters and brothers do you have?
c) ___________ free time do you have?
d) ___________ tomatoes are here?
e) ___________ milk is there in the fridge?
f) ___________ dresses and skirts do you have?
g) ___________ friends do you have?
h) ___________ is that car?
i) ___________ are the newspapers?
j) ___________ are the records?
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS
(Apariencia Fsica Y Caractersticas De Personalidad)
Cuando preguntamos acerca de la apariencia fsica de una persona, se utiliza la expresin:
What does she look like?- (Qu aspecto tiene? (Cmo ella es? / ella se parece?)
RESPUESTA: She is tall and slim. Shes got long and blond hair.
(Ella es alta y delgada. Ella tiene el pelo largo y rubio)
Y cuando nos preguntamos acerca de las caractersticas de la personalidad de una persona,
se utiliza la expresin:
Whats she like? Cmo es ella? (Como se parece) => se refiere a la personalidad.
RESPUESTA: She is talkative and intelligent. (Ella es locuaz e inteligente)
Cuando se hace referencia al cabello, ojos o cualquier parte del cuerpo de una persona,
primero identificamos el tipo y despus el color:
EJ:
Hes got short, straight and Brown hair.
(Tiene el pelo corto, liso y marrn).
Shes got little blue eyes.
(Ella tiene los ojos azules pequeos)
Lets describe a person:
- What does J Soares look like?
He is fat, short and has a beard. He has got straight, short and white hair and brown eyes
too. He wears glasses.
(l es gordo, corto y tiene una barba. l tiene el pelo corto y recto, y negro y ojos marrones
tambin. Lleva gafas.).
- Whats J Soares like?
He is intelligent, talkative and funny.
(l es inteligente, locuaz y divertido)
Hair (Pelo)
Curly = Rizado
Straight = Recto, liso
Wavy = Onduladas
Long = Largo
Short = Corto
Bald = Calvo
Blond = Rubio
Black = Negro
White = Blanco
Red = Rojo
Grey = Gris
Brown = marrn, pardo, castao, moreno
EYES (Ojos)
Black = negro
Brown = marrn
Blue = azul
Green = verde
Violet = violeta
Hazel = avellano
Light brown = castao claro
Deep blue = azul oscuro
PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS
(Caractersticas de Personalidad)
Easy = calmo
Intelligent = inteligente
Talkative= hablador, locuaz
Communicative = comunicativo(a)
shy= timido(a)
Jealous = celoso(a)
Good-humored= de buen humor
Bad-humored = de mal humor
Fun= Diversin
Funny= divertido(a)
Friendly= divertido(a)
Kind= amable
Nice= buena gente
Boring= aburrido(a)
SKIN (PIEL)
white = blanco(a)
Black = Negro(a)
blonde = rubio(a)
brunette = morena
OTHER CARACTERISTCS
(Otras Caracteristicas)
Hardworking = Trabajador(a)
Fashionable = en la moda
Well dressed = Bien vestido(a)
Cute = lindito(a)
Weird = extrao
No se debe confundir:
Shorts = ropa
Short= corto, bajo
PHYSICAL (Fsico)
Fat = gordo(a)
Plump / chubby = gordito(a)
Slim = delgado(a)
Thin = muy delgado(a)
Skinny = flaco
Beard = barba
Moustache = bigode
Tall = alto(a)
Short = corto(a), bajo(a)
Middle height = media altura
Pretty= linda
Ugly = feo
Beautiful = Lindo(a)
Handsome = Hermoso(a)
Young= Joven
Old = Viejo(a)
Middle age= edad media
EXERCISE:
1. Describe your classmate. What does he or she look like? Whats he or she like?
What kind of clothes he or she is wearing?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
PRONOUNS
(Pronombres)
Hasta ahora, el trabajo con los pronombres rectos (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they), que se
utilizan comnmente para reemplazar el nombre de las personas o cosas.
EX:
Ana is sleeping. (Anna est durmiendo).
She is sleeping. (Ella est durmiendo).
Pronombres rectos siempre se usan antes de los verbos.
The dog is eating the food. (El perro est comiendo la comida)
It is eating the food. (l est comiendo la comida).
Pero relacionado con estos pronombres, hay otros pronombres.
Primero vamos por partes:
1. POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS (Pronombres adjetivos)
Indique la propiedad y siempre vienen antes de un sustantivo.
PRONOMBRES RECTOS PRONOMBRES ADJECTIVOS POSESIVOS
I (Yo) MY (Mi, mia)
YOU (Usted) YOUR (Tuyo, tuya)
HE (l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de l, de su, )
SHE (Ella) HER (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de ella, ella, le, a ella)
IT (l/Ella) ITS (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s) de l, de ella)
WE (Nosotros) OUR (nuestro(s), nuestra(s)
YOU (Ustedes) YOUR (Su(s), suya(s), tu(s), tuya(s), vuestro(s), vuestra(s)
THEY (Ellos(as)) THEIR (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s),
EJ: That is my book. (Aquel es mi libro) This is our school (Esta es nuestra escuela ) Here is their house (Aqui es su casa), (casa de ellos, de ellas)
(sustantivo) 2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS (Pronombres posesivos) Tambin indica la posesin, pero siempre vienen despus de un verbo, es decir, siempre al final de la frase. SUGERENCIA: Con la excepcin de MINE, otros pronombres tienen "S" al final. Despus de un sustantivo y preposicin.
PRONOMES ADJETIVOS POSSESSIVOS PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS
MY (Mi, mia) MINE (Tuyo(s), Tuya(s), suyo(s), suya(s)) YOUR (Tuyo, tuya) YOURS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s),
tuya(s) de l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de l) HIS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s),
tuya(s) de llo) HER (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), de ella, ella, le, a ella)
HERS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s), tuya(s) de l, de lla))
ITS (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s) de l, de ella) ITS (Su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), tuyo(s), tuya(s) de l, de ella)
OUR (nuestro(s), nuestra(s) OURS (Nuestro(s), nuestra(s)) YOUR (Su(s), suya(s), tu(s), tuya(s), vuestro(s), vuestra(s)
YOURS (Tuyo(s), tuya(s), suyo(s), suya(s))
THEIR (su(s), suyo(s), suya(s), THEIRS (Tuyo(s), tuya(s), de llos, de llas)
EJ: That book is mine. (Aquel libro es mo.) This school is ours. (Esta escuela es nuestra) The house is theirs. (La casa es de ellos) (verbo) 3. Para pronombres que no indican posesin, tambin hay pronombres objetos que siempre vienen despus del verbo y, a menudo, al final de las oraciones.
PRONOMBRES RECTOS PRONOMBRES OBJETOS
I ME
YOU YOU
HE HIM
SHE HER
IT IT
WE US
YOU YOU
THEY THEM
EJ: I saw him last night (Lo vi ayer por la noche). (=> Utilice Despus Del verbo) Please, write them that letter. (Por favor, que escriban la carta) (=> Utilice Despus Del
verbo) He is taller than me. (l es ms alto que yo). Usando en el final de la frase. Observe por favor: No podemos decir He is taller than I,esto es totalmente errneo.
Pero s, He is taller than me. Por lo tanto, usamos el pronombre objeto.
4. LOS PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS
Los pronombres reflexivos se refieren a quin est hablando o se utilizan para dar nfasis a la que est hablando. Para formar los pronombres reflexivos, pronombres posesivos que utilizamos ms el sufijo SELF. PRONOMES RETOS PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS
I (Yo) MYSELF (Yo mismo)
YOU (Usted) YOURSELF (usted mismo)
HE (El) HIMSELF (El mesmo)
SHE (Ella) HERSELF (Ella mesma)
IT (El/ella) ITSELF (El, ella mesmo)
WE (Nosotros) OURSELVES (Nosotros mesmos)
YOU (Ustedes) YOURSELVES (Ustedes mesmos)
THEY (Ellos(as)) THEMSELVES (Ellos (as) mesmos (as))
EJ: Anita and Julian love to talk about themselves. (Anita y Julin le encanta hablar de s
mismos) They love themselves (Ellos aman a s mismos). I cut my hair by myself (Me cort el pelo por mi cuenta) Emily herself cooks the dinner (Emily ella misma prepara la cena) She is looking at herself in the mirror. (Ella est mirando a s misma en el espejo) => Cuando usamos la preposicin BY, la idea de que la persona hizo algo solo, sin ayuda. - Emily cooks the dinner by herself (Emily prepara la cena ella misma)
EXERCISES:
1. Use the Possessive Adjectives Pronouns (my, your, his, her, its, our, your,their):
a) I like _________ job. (I)
b) Sally is married. ________ husband works in a bank. (she)
c) Thank you for__________ letter. It was good to hear from you again. (you)
d) We are going to invite all ___________ friends to the party. (we)
e) Oxford City is famous for ___________ University. (it)
f) John is a teacher, but ____________sister is a nurse. (he)
g) Mr. and Mrs. Baker live in London, but __________ son lives in Australia. (they)
2. Use the Possessive Pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs):
a) This house is ________ but that is _________. (you / I)
b) Our bank account is separate. But the money is __________ (we).
c) They have two cars. Those cars are ____________ (they)
d) That umbrella belongs to Cindy. That umbrella is ____________(she)
e) Those pants are ___________ (we)
3. Complete the sentences with Objective Pronouns:
a) He is angry with ___________ (she)
b) She likes ____________(he), and I like ___________(she)
c) Bring it to ______________! (I)
d) The TV set is for __________ (you)
e) I want to see ____________ (she) again.
f) This magazine belongs to_____________ (you).
4) Rewrite the sentences using the correct pronouns:
EX: My parents like the new car
They like it.
a) Sarah can help the children. ____________________________________________
b) Bob is with Rose and Ann. ______________________________________________
c) I want to watch the class. ______________________________________________
d) I like to visit Mary. ___________________________________________________
e) He can study the lesson alone. ___________________________________________
f) My sister cooks for my parents everyday. __________________________________
g) I think about my boyfriend. ____________________________________________
h) I like to talk to Jane. _________________________________________________
i) Lets talk about you and me. ____________________________________________
5) Complete the statements with Reflexive Pronouns:
a) She promised ______________ she would never do that again.
b) He hurt ______________ with scissors.
c) She warmed ______________ by the fireplace.
d) We enjoyed ______________ at the party last night.
e) He introduced ______________ to the new teacher.
f) I blamed ______________ for being late.
g) He taught ______________ how to swim.
h) I hope you enjoy ______________ tonight, guys.
ADVERBS
(Adverbios) El adverbio es parte del discurso que funciona principalmente como un modificador del verbo tambin puede modificar un adjetivo o de otro adverbio.
Ex:
Paul washed the car quickly (Paul lav el coche rpidamente) (verbo) (adv. de modo = rpido)
Mary is extremely intelligent. (Mara es muy inteligente.) (Adverbio de Intensidad ) (Adjetivo)
He speaks too fast. (Habla demasiado rpido.)
(Adv. de intensidad) (adv. Modo)
Hay varios tipos de adverbios:
MODO: fast, badly, hard, slowly, well, just, etc.
rpido, mal, duro, poco a poco, bueno, justo, etc.
LUGAR: here, there, inside, outside, near, far, etc.
aqu, all, dentro, fuera, cerca, lejos, etc
TEMPO: already, just, now, soon, still, yet, today, yesterday, tomorrow, etc.
ya, simplemente, ahora, pronto, todava, todava, hoy, ayer, maana, etc
INTERROGATIVO: when?, where?, why? How?
cundo?, Dnde?, Por qu?, Cmo?
RELACIN: when, where, why, how
cundo, dnde, por qu, cmo
INTENSIDADE: very, almost, too, rather, quite, fairly, etc.
muy, casi, demasiado, ms bien, bastante, bastante, etc.
FRECUENCIA: always, often, never, seldom, frequently, occasionally, sometimes, etc.
siempre, a menudo, nunca, raramente, con frecuencia, a veces, a veces, etc
=> Vamos a estudiar aqu preferentemente adverbios de frecuencia e intensidad.
1. ADVERBIOS INTENSIDAD:
Los adverbios de intensidad siempre se colocan antes del adjetivo u otro adverbio:
EX:
Tony is extremely lazy. (Tony es muy perezoso)
The day was too hot. (El da estaba muy caliente)
July writes really very well. (Julio escribe realmente muy bien)
The children behaved very badly. (Los nios se comportaron muy mal)
2. ADVRBIOS DE FRECUENCIA
Los adverbios de frecuencia presentan diferentes modelos de colocacin:
a) Despus del verbo TO BE:
He is always late for work. (l siempre llega tarde al trabajo)
They were frequently on time. (Ellos estaban a menudo en la hora)
b) Despus de la asignatura con el resto de los verbos en tiempos simples:
They occasionally work at night. (De vez en cuando trabajan por la noche)
We never travel by train. (Nunca Viajamos en tren).
=> EN POCAS PALABRAS, adverbios de frecuencia siempre viene despus del sujeto, o
despus del verbo, slo excepto a veces, siempre viene al principio de la frase.
Para preguntar "con qu frecuencia" alguien hace algo o le pasa algo, se utiliza la expresin
HOW OFTEN?
EX:
How often do you go to the movies? (Con qu frecuencia vas al cine?)
I go to the movies once a week. (Yo voy al cine una vez por semana)
OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
A- Mary, what do you have for breakfast every day?
(Mary, qu tienes para el desayuno todos los das?)
B - I always have a cup of tea and some toast with butter.
(Siempre tengo una taza de t y unas tostadas con mantequilla.)
A-Do you ever have bacon and eggs?
(Alguna vez tiene tocino y huevos?)
B- Sometimes I have.
(A veces tengo.)
C Peter, what do you like to have for lunch?
(Peter, qu te gustas tener para el almuerzo?)
D - I usually have a salad.
(Por lo general tiengo una ensalada.)
C Do you ever eat meat?
(Alguna vez come carne?)
D No, never.
(No, nunca.)
E Lucy, what do you usually have for dessert?
(Lucy, qu es lo que suelen tener para el postre?)
F Fruit.
(Fruta)
E Do you ever have sweets?
(Alguna vez tiene dulces?)
F Yes, but not very often.
(S, pero no muy a menudo.)
ALWAYS
ALWAYS
USUALLY
OFTEN
SOMETIMES
NEVER
SIEMPRE
GENERALMENTE
ALGUNAS VECES
A VECES
NUNCA
EXERCISES
1. Complete the sentences, with things that you do, according to the Frequency
Adverbs:
a) I always_____________________________________________________
b) I often _____________________________________________________
c) I rarely _____________________________________________________
d) My family seldom ______________________________________________
e) I and my friends usually _________________________________________
f) I never _____________________________________________________
g) Sometimes, I and ______________________________________________
2. Use the Intensity Adverb in each space:
a) Its_____________ hot today!
b) I sleep _________________ all the time.
c) Its ____________________ good your homework.
d) Abortion is __________________ bad for the womens health.
e) You tired me _______________ much!
f) This food is _______________ enough.
g) Jean is __________________ intelligent.
h) Its ___________________ late, baby.
TOO EXTREMELY RATHER SO
QUITE FAIRLY ALMOST VERY
WEATHER
(Tiempo)
WHATS THE WEATHER LIKE?
Cmo est el clima?
Utilizamos una Expresin whats the weather like? Para preguntar sobre el tiempo.
Las respuestas pueden ser variadas:
Its freezing cold. (Hace mucho Frio)
Its cold. (Hace frio)
Its cool; its nice. (Es agradable, bueno)
Its warm. (Es clido)
Its hot. (Hace calor)
Its sunny. (Hace sol)
Its wet / humid. (Es hmedo)
Its dry. (Es seco)
Podemos referirnos al clima, tambin utilizando los adverbios de intensidad y frecuencia
Its very cold (Hace mucho fro)
Its very hot (Es muy caliente)
It rains a lot (Llueve mucho)
It rains regularly (Llueve regularmente)
It seldom rains. (Rara vez llueve)
It often snows (Nieva a menudo)
It never snows (Nunca nieva)
El pronombre It, en este caso, se
refiere al clima.
No hay que confundir:
WEATHER = Clima
WHETHER = IF = Se
Advrbios de intensidad
DIRECTIONS
(Direcciones)
Aprendamos a llegar a los lugares?
Cuando estamos en una ciudad o lugar que no conocemos, y necesitamos llegar a un algun
lugar, por lo general solicitamos informacin a los extraos en la calle.
Si estamos fuera del pas, como lo haramos entonces?
How can I get there? (Cmo puedo llegar alli?)
Is there any bank near here? (Hay un banco cerca de aqu?)
Con el fin de entender algunas informaciones necesitamos conocer el nombre de los puntos
estratgicos y lugares como referencia:
Block = Cuadra
Street = Calle
Avenue = Avenida
Road = carretera
Corner = Esquina
Cross = Cruzar, cruz
Turn right = Doble a la derecha
Turn left = Doble a la izquierda
Go straight ahead = Siga recto
Next to = Junto a, junto al, al lado de
EX:
A- Can you help me, please?
B- Yes, of course!
A- Where can I get some biscuits?
B- At the grocers
A- Where can I find a grocers?
B There is one on Minto Street, next to the bank. Turn left and its on your right, across
the street.
GROCERS
BANK
A- Is there any bank near here?
B- Yes, there is one next to
newsagents. Go ahead and its on your left.
EXERCISES
1. Lets practice:
2. Where can you get these things?
A- How can I get to the post
office? B- Go straight-ahead, turn right at
the cinema and its on your left, next to the newsagents.
cinema
News
agent
Vdeo
Shop
A- Where is the bank? B- Go straight ahead, turn left and its on your right, next to the Video Shop.
Banton Road
A- How can I get to the school? B- Go straight ahead, cross the Banton Road, and its on your right, on the corner.
1. Stamps
2. An Aspirin
3. Biscuits
4. A Newspaper
5. A Book
6. Bread
7. A can of
sausages
8. Flowers
9. Meat
10. Carrots
11. Money
12. A Record ( ) Bank
( ) Bookshop
( ) Post Office
( ) Record Shop
( ) Supermarket
( ) Chemists
( ) Grocers
( ) Newsagents
( ) Greengrocers
( ) Butchers
( ) Bakers
( ) Flower Shop
SIMPLE PAST
(Pasado Simples)
Hay varias formas de referirse al pasado. Aqu vemos el pasado simple, que sera el verbo
TO BE y TO DO en el pasado.
Recordando que el verbo TO BE sirve nicamente para expresar SER o ESTAR, conjugar
verbos en el pasado de la siguiente manera:
EJ:
Last year she was 22 years old, so she is 23 years old now.
(El ao pasado ella tena 22 aos de edad, entonces tiene 23 aos ahora.)
When I was a child, I was afraid of dogs.
(Cuando era un nio, tena miedo de los perros)
We were tired after the journey but we werent hungry.
(Estbamos cansados despus del viaje, pero no tenamos hambre)
The hotel was very comfortable and it wasnt expensive.
(El hotel era muy cmoda y no era caro)
Where were you at 3 oclock yesterday afternoon?
(Dnde estaba a las 3 de la tarde de ayer?)
Was the weather good when you were on holiday?
(El clima estaba buen cuando estabas de vacaciones?)
Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive?
(Esos zapatos son nizas. Eran caros?)
AFIRMATIVE:
I was (yo era / estaba) You were (usted era / estaba) He was (l era / estaba) She was (ella era / estaba) It was (l o ella era / estaba) We were (nosotros ramos / estbamos) You were (ustedes eran / estaban) They were (ellos o ellas eran / estaban)
NEGATIVE:
I was not (yo no era / no estaba) You were not (usted no era / usted no estaba He was not (l no era / l no estaba) She was not (ella no era / ella no estaba) It was not (l o ella no era / l o ella no estaba) We were not (nosotros no ramos / nosotros no estbamos) You were not (ustedes no eran / ustedes no estaban) They were not (ellos o ellas no eran / ellos o ellas no estaban)
INTERROGATIVE:
Was I? (yo era? / yo estaba?) Were You? (usted era? / usted estaba?) Was He?( l era? / l estaba?) Was She? (ella era? / ella estaba?) Was It? (l o ella era? / l o ella era o ello o ella estaba?) Were We? (nosotros ramos? / nosotros estbamos?) Were You? (ustedes eran? / ustedes estabam?) Were They? (ellos o ellas eran? / ellos o ellas estaban?)
NOTE QUE:
AM / IS = WAS
ARE = WERE
FORMA CONTRACTA
Wasnt = was not
Werent = were not
Why was he angry yesterday?
(Por qu estaba enojado ayer?)
RESPOSTAS CURTAS:
EX:
- Were you late?