Life

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Northern and Southern Economies

• Southern economic problems based on shortages, trade limitation, and inflation

• Northern economic strength based on manufacturing and stronger currency

African Americans in the Military

• Emancipation Proclamation allowed African American enlistment.

• African Americans enlisted (180,000 in Union Army, 18,000 in Navy).

• Fighting racial discrimination

Life During the War

Reflection Question

How did the war change people's lives?

The

Turn

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Opening Excerpt

“ By this time, amputating benches had been placed about the house . . . I saw them lifting the poor men upon it, then the surgeons sawing and cutting off arms and legs, then again probing and picking bullets from the flesh. . . . To the south of the house, and just outside of the yard, I noticed a pile of limbs higher than the fence. It was a ghastly sight! Gazing upon these . . . trophies of the amputating bench, I could have no other feeling, than that the whole scene was one of cruel butchery. ”

—Tillie Pierce, 15, of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, describing the events of July 1-3,1863

Vicksburg

• Vicksburg was the key to Union control of the river south of Memphis.

• Grant sent Colonel Benjamin Grierson on a destructive march near the city as a distraction while he sent his force south and east.

• Union forces failed twice to take the city, which was well fortified from high on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River.

• Grant laid siege to Vicksburg. After six weeks, the city surrendered.

Major Battles

Battle Results

First Battle of Bull Run

Battle of Shiloh

Battle of Murfreesboro

Seven Dayʻs Battle

Second Battle of Bull Run

Vicksburg

Chancellorsville

Gettysburg

Chickamauga Creek

Missionary Ridge

Gettysburg

• Confederates entered Pennsylvania near Gettysburg and began foraging for supplies. On July 1, Confederates drove the Union troops into the hills outside of Gettysburg.

• Fighting began in earnest July 2. Lee retreated on July 4, having lost one-third of his army. The battle was the high watermark of Confederate advance into the North.

• On November 19, 1863, President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, considered one the greatest speeches in American history.

Grant and Lee

• As a result of Grant's success at Chattanooga, he was given command of all Union forces in March 1864.

• Although he suffered a devastating defeat at Gettysburg, Lee still drew strong support from his troops. However, the huge loss of troops at Gettysburg made it difficult for Lee to attack.

Closing Excerpt

“ The dedicatory remarks by President Lincoln will live

among the annals of the war. ”

—The Chicago Tribune

“ The cheek of every American must tingle with shame as he      reads the silly flat and dishwattery [sic] remarks of the man who      has to be pointed out as the President of the United

States. . . . ”

—The Chicago Tribune

Source: www.nps.gov/gett/forteachers/