Life Science Semester Exam 2019

1. 7 Steps to the Scientific Method 2. Observation 3. Inference 4. Prediction 5. Hypothesis 6. Independent Variable 7. Dependent Variable 8. Scientific Experiment 9. Scientific Investigation 10. Replication 11. Repetition 12. Control Variable 13. Constants 14. Empirical Evidence 15. Scientific Theories 16. Scientific Laws 17. Controversy 18. Scientific Models 19. Gene and Chromosome 20. The Cell theory (and the Scientists involved) 21. Atoms 22. Elements 23. Molecules 24. Compounds 25. Cells 26. Tissue 27. Organ 28. Organ System 29. Organisms 30. Nucleus 31. Cell Wall 32. Cell Membrane 33. Vacuoles 34. Mitochondria 35. Chloroplast 36. Cytoplasm 37. Ribosomes 38. ER 39. Golgi Apparatus 40. Lysosomes

41. Photosynthesis 42. Cellular Respiration 43. DNA / Genetic Material 44. Asexual Reproduction 45. Sexual Reproduction 46. Active Transport 47. Passive Transport 48. Diffusion 49. Facilitated Diffusion 50. Channel Protein 51. Carrier Protein 52. Osmosis 53. Endocytosis 54. Exocytosis 55. Igneous rock 56. Metamorphic Rock 57. Sedimentary Rock 58. Formation of rock types 59. Carbon Cycle 60. Fossil Fuels 61. Crust 62. Mantle 63. Outer core 64. Inner Core 65. Divergent Boundaries 66. Convergent Boundaries 67. Transform boundaries 68. Weathering 69. Erosion 70. Weather 71. Climate 72. Earth’s Spheres 73. Radiation Heat Transfer 74. Convection Heat Transfer 75. Conduction Heat Transfer

Practice Questions

Complete without your notes to see where the holes are in your knowledge

Rolling Down the Hill (1-6)

1. Identify the independent Variable. 2. Identify the dependent Variable. 3. Identify 3 constants. 4. Should Xavier’s team use different

cars for each ramp? Why or why not?

5. What unit of measurement should the team use to measure how far the car rolled?

6. What information should be included in the data table?

Sprouting Seeds (7-11)

7. Identify the independent Variable. 8. Identify the dependent Variable. 9. Identify 3 constants. 10. Why did Janessa decide to test soil,

cotton balls, and gravel three times each?

11. Why did Janessa hang all nine baggies in the same window?

Water in the Window (12-15)

12. Write a hypothesis for this experiment.

13. Identify the independent Variable. 14. Identify the dependent Variable. 15. What does the dark closet

represent?

16. Justin completes an experiment length of time a paper airplane stays in flight. He records his results in a data table. These results are known as _______results.

A. written B. tabled C. qualitative D. quantitative

17. Sophia noticed that the kindergartens pick through the candy bucket until they get a red candy. What is an

inference she could make from this observation? A. The kids do not like candy. B. The kids prefer the red candy C. The candy is crunchy.

18. Jordan wants to find out if a hamster can learn a maze as quickly as a mouse can. She has researched mice

and hamsters and predicts which rodent she thinks will learn more quickly. What should her next step be? A. analyze hamster behavior in the maze B. research how a rabbit would behave in a maze C. observe the behavior of both rodents in the maze D. make conclusions about rodent behavior in the maze

19. What word best describes a Scientific Theory?

A. Information B. Evidence C. Explanation D. Fact

20. Jane is investigating to find out if bean plants grow taller in ordinary soil or special potting soil over a three

week period. She sets up her investigation with 10 bean plants of equal size in each type of soil. What should Jane do each day to make sure she gets valid results?

A. Calculate the average plant height for each soil type. B. Move the plants in ordinary topsoil to different locations. C. Guess the height of each plant's stem and record the estimate.

21. Jonathan and Sarah have performed an experiment and are not sure their results are valid. What should

they do to check their results? A. average their data B. change their lab report C. perform a new experiment D. repeat the same experiment

22. Kevin wanted to find out which of his toy cars, the Corvette or the Mustang, would roll downhill faster. He

made a ramp by putting several books under one end of a board so that the board was slanted. Which would be the best way for him to perform his experiment?

A. Roll each car down the ramp separately five times and estimate which car looked faster. B. Roll both cars down the ramp together one time and see which one gets to the bottom first. C. Roll each car down the ramp separately one time, and time them with the second hand on his

watch. D. Roll both cars down the ramp together five times and record which gets to the bottom first each

time.

23. Which of the following must be true for scientific results to be valid? A. The results should be drawn in a graph. B. The results should be based on evidence. C. The results should support the ideas of other scientists. D. The results should match the predictions of the scientist.

24. Which of the following questions could be answered using observational research?

A. What is first graders favorite color? B. What treat do dogs like the best? C. What soda erodes teeth the most? D. What causes some metals to rust?

25. Which of the following is the main purpose of a scientific investigation?

A. to prove a scientific law B. to determine the investigator's opinion C. to answer questions about the natural world D. to support results from previous investigations

26. What happens if you test a hypothesis multiple times and the data doesn’t support your prediction?

A. Change the data to support your prediction B. Conclude your hypothesis was incorrect and re-think your hypothesis C. Conclude you did the experiment all wrong

27. Scientist believe scientific knowledge should be based on

A. Many years of experience B. Experiments that record accurate data C. A vote by an educated group of people

28. How is an element and molecule similar?

a. An element is made up of the same atoms, while a molecule is made up of different atoms.

b. An element is made up of the same atoms and a molecule is made up of the same atoms too.

c. An element is made up of the different atoms and so is a molecule.

29. Organelles are found inside cells. What levels of organization will make up organelles?

a. Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds

b. Atoms elements, and cells

c. Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, and cells

30. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Cells are composed of organs.

b. Organs are composed of organisms.

c. Compounds are composed of molecules.

31. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Atoms only make up molecules.

b. Tissues make up organs.

c. Cells are the smallest level of organization

32. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a function.

b. An organ system is a group of compounds working together.

c. An organism has organs but not organ systems.

33. What is the smallest level of organization?

a. Organs

b. Atoms

c. Tissue

34. Choose the answer that has the levels of organization in the correct order.

a. Atoms, elements, molecules, compounds, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

b. Atoms, elements, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, compounds organ system, organism

c. Atoms, elements, organs, molecules, compounds, tissues, organ system, organism, cells

35. What statement below is not a postulate of the Cell Theory?

a. Cells only come from animal cells.

b. Cells are the basic unit of life.

c. Cells make up all living things.

36. Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

a. hydrogen

b. Carbon dioxide

c. Nitrogen

d. oxygen

37. What organelle is responsible for making glucose and oxygen?

a. Chloroplast

b. Cell Wall

c. Mitochondria

d. Cytoplasm

38. During cellular respiration, an organism’s cells break down glucose to provide energy for life

activities. Which of these substances is also produced during cellular respiration?

a. carbon dioxide

b. fat

c. oxygen

d. Protein

39. Which statement below is true?

a. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and photosynthesis produces oxygen.

b. Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide.

c. Photosynthesis uses glucose and cellular respiration does not.

d. Photosynthesis uses oxygen and cellular respiration does not.

40. Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected?

a. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during

photosynthesis.

b. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.

c. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

d. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.

41. A plant cell is not producing glucose and oxygen. What organelle is not functioning?

a. Vacuole

b. Lysosome

c. Mitochondria

d. Chloroplast

42. The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called a/an a. diffusion b. osmosis c. concentration gradient d. passive transport

43. A molecule that diffuses down a concentration gradient foes from an area of ______ concentration into an area of

______ concentration. a. high, low b. low, high c. passive, active d. active, passive

44. Controlling what goes into or out of the cell with energy is called

a. active transport b. endocytosis c. passive transport d. exocytosis

45. This process gets rid of wastes using energy.

a. endocytosis b. exocytosis c. osmosis d. diffusion

46. The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient

a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. osmosis

47. The movement of molecules through selective membrane proteins happens in all of the following except:

a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport

48. Most active transport proteins use energy from the breakdown of:

a. nucleus b. cell membrane c. ATP d. mitochondria

49. Creates the greatest diversity, & therefore the ability to survive changing environments is a. sexual reproduction b. asexual reproduction c. cloning d. fragmentation

50. What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

a. New species of organisms cannot come into being. b. The offspring does not multiply rapidly. c. The offspring does not live for long. d. All of these

51. In what organelle does the following reaction occur? Water + oxygen + glucose makes energy + carbon dioxide

a. Chloroplast

b. Mitochondria

c. Golgi apparatus

52. Which of the following would produce the most variety offspring when compared to the parent organism? e. Cutting a portion of a potato that contains an eye or bud and planting it in a vegetable garden. f. Yeast producing a bud that falls off and forms an offspring yeast. g. A bee that cross-pollinates flowers in several fields. h. A starfish regenerating a new limb.

53. What process produces energy for the cell to live and function?

a. Cellular respiration

b. Photosynthesis

c. Respiration

54. What stage in the cell cycle has four phases?

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Cytokinesis

55. Which of the following is a true statement?

a. Cells prepare for Mitosis in prophase

b. During Mitosis a cell divides twice

c. During telophase the cells’ nuclear envelope reforms

56. During ___________________, the cytoplasm of the parent cell splits and two new daughter cells form.

a. Mitosis

b. Cytokinesis

c. Meiosis

57. Since only plants have a ___________________, cytokinesis in animal and plant cells different.

a. Cell membrane

b. Cell wall

c. Lysosomes

58. Which of the following nitrogen bases pair with one another.

a. Adenine binds with cytosine

b. Guanine binds with adenine

c. Cytosine binds with guanine

59. When do cells replicate (copy) their DNA?

a. During G1

b. During S1

c. During S

d. During G2

60. The offspring produced during asexual reproduction are

a. Genetically identical to their parents

b. Always smaller than their parents

c. Genetically different from their parents

61. DNA is located in what organelle?

a. Golgi Apparatus

b. ER

c. Nucleus

62. Another word for DNA is _____________.

a. Phosphate backbone

b. Chromosomes

c. Double helix

63. Letter C represents what phase of mitosis? A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase

64. Letter B represents what phase of mitosis?

A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase

65. Letter A represents what phase of mitosis?

a. Prophase b. Metaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase

66. What incorrectly describes what happens after the mitotic phase labeled D. A. The nuclear envelope reforms B. The DNA is divided into two separate cells C. The cell is finishes division

67. What is the difference between telophase and cytokinesis?

a. An animal cell is completely divided in telophase, whereas a plant cell has to divide using a cell plant and

isn’t finished with division until cytokinesis.

b. An animal cell and plant cell are both done with division during telophase.

c. In telophase, plant and animal cells both begin division but division is not complete until after

cytokinesis.

68. What is the function / purpose of the nucleus?

a. To store the DNA and control the cell

b. To provide energy for the cell

c. To store the DNA and create proteins for the cell

69. What structure is responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis? a. Nucleolus b. nuclear membrane c. Spindle fibers d. Cytoplasm

70. The tendency of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment is called

a. cell theory

b. homeostasis

c. reproduction

d. synthesis

71. What organelle’s function is to create proteins?

a. Golgi Apparatus

b. Nucleus

c. Ribosomes

72. A cell with 15 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. What is the chromosome amount during anaphase?

a. The cell has double the number of chromosomes.

b. The cell has half the number of chromosomes.

c. The cell has the correct amount of chromosomes.

73. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

a. Offer the cell protection

b. Recognizes and regulates molecules entering and exiting the cell

c. Controls the cell energy supply

74. The last phase in Mitosis is

a. Anaphase

b. Telophase

c. Cytokinesis

75. Which of the following statements is correct, regarding The Cell Cycle?

a. The final product of mitosis is the division of the DNA into two identical nuclei

b. The correct order of the cell cycle is mitosis – interphase – cytokinesis.

c. The DNA is replicated in interphase and divided during cytokinesis.

76. What is the different in the offspring of asexual and sexual reproduction?

a. Sexual offspring are diverse , asexual offspring are uniform

b. Asexual offspring are diverse, sexual offspring are uniform

c. Sexual offspring are diverse, asexual offspring are diverse

77. Which phase of mitosis can be describe as “the chromosomes are pulled away from one another to opposite poles”?

a. Prophase

b. Metaphase

c. Anaphase

d. Telophase

78. Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA?

a. Adenine

b. Thymine

c. Nanocine

79. Cytokinesis usually, but not always, follows mitosis. If a cell completed mitosis but not cytokinesis, the result would

be a cell with

a. An abnormally large cell with two separate nuclei with identical DNA

b. An abnormally large cell with a single nucleus and identical DNA

c. An abnormally small cell with two separate nuclei with identical DNA.

Organism A Organism B Organism C Organism D

GGCTAATC GGCTTTTC CCCTCATC GGCTTATC

80. Which organisms are more closely related?

a. Organism A and B

b. Organisms B and D

c. Organism A and C

d. Organism A and D

81. What is the correct pairing to organism C’s DNA?

a. CGCTCATC

b. GGGAGTCG

c. GGGAGTAG

Earth Standards Review

82. Which of the following has the most effect on an area’s climate?

a. Water

b. Sun

c. Latitude

d. Organisms

83. Erosion is _______________.

a. The breaking down and movement of rocks

b. the breaking down of rocks

c. the movement of rock particles

d. the depositing of rock particles

84. There are three main types of rock; igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. These rock types are formed

in different ways, however because of the rock cycle they are able to transform into on another. A rock that

has been transformed from a striated (layered) rock to one that is under intense heat and pressure. What

was the rock type before and after its transformation?

a. Sedimentary to igneous

b. Igneous to metamorphic

c. Sedimentary to metamorphic

d. Metamorphic to igneous

85. Interactions between layers of Earth cause convection currents to move crustal plates. The diagram below

shows four layers of Earth. In which layer of Earth are the convection currents that directly result in

tectonic plate motion found?

a. 1

b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

86. Which layer do scientist think is responsible for the magnetic field around Earth?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

87. Divergent boundaries are responsible for all of the following landforms except a. Volcanoes b. Mid-ocean ridge c. Trenches d. Rift valley

88. What two layers are responsible for convention currents?

a. Crust and mantle b. Inner core and lithosphere c. Core and mantle d. Crust and outer core

89. Deforestation occurs when large areas of trees are cut down. Which of the following impacts on the

environment would result from deforestation?

a. increased erosion

b. colder temperatures

c. excess ground moisture

d. greater oxygen production

90. Earth has sedimentary bedrock of marine origin (beginning) that is four billion years old. Which inference

can be made from this information?

a. Earth had oceans four billion years ago.

b. Most sedimentary rocks are at least four billion years old.

c. Life existed on Earth four billion years ago.

d. Sedimentary rocks formed from magma when Earth cooled four billion years ago.

91. The formation of the Canary Islands was primarily caused by their location near a

a. trench

b. Earthquake

c. Divergent boundary

d. Transform boundary

92. Stream drainage patterns that develop in a landscape region are controlled mostly by

a. Precipitation amounts

b. Bedrock (ground) structure

c. Air temperature variations

d. Nearness to a large body of water

93. Lichens are usually the first organisms that appear in barren, rocky areas. They use rootlike structures to

split bedrock into small fragments. Lichens also secrete acidic solutions that help break down rock. The

cross sections below represents an area when lichens first appeared (time 1) and the same area hundreds

of years later, after it was changed by lichens and exposed to air and water (time 2). The soil shown in time

2 was formed mainly by

a. Faulting and tilting or rock strata

b. Weathering and biological activity

c. Mass movement and deposition of particles

d. Compaction and cementing

94. The graph shows the temperature, pressure, and depth environments for the formation of the three major

rock types. Pressure is shown in kilobars (kb). Letters A through D identify different environmental

conditions for rock formation. Which rock is most likely to form directly from rock material at a depth of 30

km and a temperature of 1000ºC?

a. Sedimentary rock

b. Metamorphic rock

c. Melting of dry continental crust

d. Magma and igneous rock

95. Which transfer of energy occurs mainly through the process of convection?

a. Electromagnetic energy transferred from the Sun to the Moon.

b. Solar energy transferred through space to Earth’s surface

c. Heated air in the lower atmosphere transferred upward by density differences

d. Heat from radioactive decay transferred by molecular collisions to surrounding mantle

96. Trees growing on the edge of a river’s meander (bend) are most likely to fall into the river due to

a. Deposition on the inside of the meander

b. Deposition on the outside of the meander

c. Erosion on the inside of the meander

d. Erosion on the outside of the meander

97. Which process directly leads to the formation of igneous rock?

a. Weathering and erosion

b. Compaction and cementation

c. Heat and pressure

d. Melting and solidification

98. What characteristic of the outer core makes it unique among the layers of Earth?

A. The outer core is liquid due to intense heat. B. The outer core is the coolest layer of Earth. C. The outer core is made of solid iron. D. The outer core is able to flow, even though it is made of rock.

99. How do the temperature and pressure of Earth’s core compare to the temperature and pressure of Earth’s

crust? A. The temperature and pressure are lower in the core. B. The temperature and pressure are higher in the core. C. The temperature is lower and the pressure is higher in the core. D. The temperature is higher and the pressure is lower in the core.

100. Which statement describes the law of superposition?

A. Rock layers are laid down vertically. B. Species lived and become extinct in a specific order. C. The oldest sedimentary rock layers are at the bottom. D. A rock body containing fragments of another must be younger than the fragments.