LiFePO4 Batteries

1

Outline

Science

Power and Energy Density

Manufacturing Techniques

SWOT Analysis

2

Science: Electrochemistry

References:http://rooksheathscience.comhttp://www.homepower.com

LiFePO4

(Lithium-Iron-Phosphate on Aluminum)

LiC6

(Lithium-Graphite on Copper)

Lithium-Salt,(e.g. LiPF6 in Ethylene)

3

Science: Stable Voltage

Stable Voltage!

References:http://www.powerstream.com/LLLF.htm4

Power and Energy Density

REFERENCES:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery

batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/types_of_lithium_ion

LiFePO4 Cathode Material, Borong Wu, Yonghuan Ren and Ning Li, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chinahttps://ironedison.com/24-volt-lithium-iron-batterybatteryspace.com/lifepo4cellspacks.aspx

A comparative study of Lithium-Ion Batteries, M Oswal, J Paul, R Zhao, University of Southern California

Power Density (W/kg) 2400 - 3300

Specific Energy (Wh/kg) 90 - 120

Energy Density (Wh/L) 220 - 222

Price (US$/Wh) 0.72 - 2.4

Price per life-cycle (US$/kWh)( Assuming 2000 cycles)

0.99 - 1.2

5

Manufacturing Techniques

There are several methods developed to produce LiFePO4 but the two main categories are:

●Solid State Processing Methods: needs high temperatures (250-800ºC), long sintering times (3-18 hours), creates an ordered crystal structure in a simplistic way at sizes between 25 and 32 nm.

●Solution Based Processing Methods: are less temperature intensive (80-800ºC), requires less time (<12 hours), creates more homogeneous carbon coating and crystal sizes are in the range of 54-140 nm but more complex.

●Other Novel methods: Microwave heating. 6

Torrey Hills Technologies, LLC. Furnace Temperature and Atmosphere Influences on Producing Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Powders for Lithium Ion Batteries. Retrieved from www.beltfurnaces.com on October 6, 2015.

SWOT Analysis

7A comparative study of Lithium-Ion Batteries; Mehul Oswal, Jason Paul and Runhua Zhao; University of Southern California; 07/05/2010.

Strengths Weaknesses

Light weight Degrade faster if exposed to heat

High energy density High initial cost

Self discharge is low: 1% per month Life starts to degrade even with no use

Does not have memory effect

Low maintenance

Sealed cells

Environmentally friendly and recyclable

Not fire hazard

Lower lifetime cost

SWOT Analysis

Opportunities Threats

A safe mobile power that can be used in many applications besides cars, example: residential PV systems, cranes

The most significant threat is that the initial cost is high

Enhance the usage of green energy technologies addressing instability problem

The industry is weary of Lithium batteries due to a history of fire incidents.

8

LiFePO4 Cathode Material; Borong Wu, Yonghuan Ren and Ning Li; School of Chemical Engineering and

Environment; Beijing Institute of Technology; China.Lithium Ion and Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries, http://www.ece.gatech.edu/academic/courses/ece4007/11spring/ECE4007L01/ws4/deliverables/trp/LithiumIonAndLithiumIonPhosphateBatteries.pdf

Thank You

9

Questions?