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Dr. Ligy Philip, ProfessorDept. of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, INDIA
Introduction• Bottom last in Human Development Index (187‐
2011),• Child mortality and maternal mortality rates 170
deaths per 1,000 live births and 540 per 100,000 live births (2011)
• Primary school enrolment rose from 61 per cent (2007) to 75 per cent (2010).
• 43 per cent of children continue to suffer from chronic malnutrition, a situation that has not changed since 2001.
WASH SITUATION•Currently 47% of the population has access to safe drinking water (83% urban and 31% rural)• 14% of the population has access to adequate sanitation facilities (36% urban and 4% rural) •There are cholera epidemics every year in some provinces including more than 20,000 cases per year with a mortality rate of 7%.
Healthy Village & Schools Programme Certification Process
- Community-based Demand for Integrating the programme- Community formal engagement with duty-bearers (signature of MoU)- Local Governance: election of the healthy village committee- Baseline and end line analysis of behaviours, attitudes and practices of households (KAP surveys)- Participatory Self-Assessment of the community water, hygiene and sanitation situation- Community-based Planning process- Community Based Action using internal resources with external support- Celebration of community achievements & certification village "healthy"- Sustainability monitoring & support to ensure maintenance of infrastructure and behaviour changes.
Healthy Village Norms for Certification: a complete WASH package
• The village has an active gender balanced healthy village comittee• At least 80% of the population has access to clean water• At least 80% of households have access to hygienic latrines• At least 80% of households dispose of their solid waste hygienically
in a pit• At least 60% of the population wash their hands with soap or use
ash before preparing food or eating and after latrine use• At least 70% of the population understands the faecal‐oral route of
disease transmission and how to prevent it• The village is cleaned at least once a month by the community... And similar norms apply for the Healthy Schools
Phase 1 Results (2008‐2012)Phase 2 Expected Results (2013‐2017)• Program started in 2006• Beneficiaries: 3,50,000 million and 2,40,000 students • To date:
– 5289 villages in process, of which 3256 certified– 1425 schools in process, of which 1054 certified
GOAL 2017• 7500 villages to be certified• 6.6 million beneficiaries
WHY WSP?UNEP and others’ Findings• Household contamination of water (no HWT)• Poor hygiene practices (Transport +PoU)• Microbial contamination highly prevalent: Regular Cholera out breaks in some areas
• Maintenance of “healthy” status problematic• No water quality surveillance capacities +logistics• VA‐ Complementary approach: Villages supported by other NGOs in WASH Certified as “Healthy”
Typical practices that cause water Contamination
Water is being collected in wide mouthed vessels Water is being transported in uncovered vessels
Hand is used as a funnel for collection of water During transport, hands are dipping in water
Unclean Storage Vessels
Inside view of a water collection vessel Layers of microbial growth inside( Jerry Can) a Jerry Can
WATER SAFETY PLANS
ENSURE WATER QUALITY
CONSISTENTLY
AT THE POINT OF USE
RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH
Analyze the water chain, hazards and risks
Identify and implement control measures & corrective measures
Emphasis more on Prevention and Management than Control
THE WATER CHAIN
SOURCE & CATCHMENT TRANSPORT POINT OF USE
The Structure of WSP
The big “kiss” with VA…
VA
0 Application
1 Community Involvment
2 Local Governance
3 Preliminary Analysis
4 Participatory Assessment
8 Community party and sharing
7 measure impact
6 Community Based Action
5 Community Planning
WSP
facilitation team describes process and expected results
Chief medical officer visits the village
Diritti e doveri
Mobilization resources
GoC contribution explained
Sign Agreement
identify people to train on water maintenance
Collect money
create committee of 7 people
Questionner on health conditions
Morbility from dirty water
WASH knwledge
Partecipatory assessment of wash
learn more
Visita Chief Medical Officer
Share exp with other villages
Condivide best practices
KAP
Self evaluation
Maintenance plan
Check criteria
Implement Plan of action
messages disseminated
mobilise local resources
Facilitation team comes back every weekWASH advisorNGO
Plan of action based on findings in 4
selected practices
simple interventions
who does why when
Indicators
Engage community
Describe Water Supply
Monitor control measures and veryfy effectiveness
Identify hazards and risks
Document and review
Develop improvment plan
Create WSP team
Incorporation of WSP into exisitng certified VA?
Selection criteria
Tool
Holistic multy sources description
Subdivide in chain elements
Identify producers and users
Comunity tool
Facilitator
spring
river
handpump
water vendor
open well
Management plan
Emergency plan
Drafts
Identify critical points
Identify optimal conditions
Tool
Identify control measures
Identify ordinary corrective actions
Community tool
Facilitator tool
Sanitary inspection
xtra sheet comments?
spring
river
open well
handpump
water vendor
guiding matrix
sanitary inspection
Drafts
communicaton
Auduting
documentation
Present format phase 5?
Initial KAP?
Give the booklet??
Training on FFF?
Risk management in the WSP
The Tools: Checklists
Catchment Source(s) Transport&Point of use
The Risk Analysis
Major ComponentsFor all control points of the water chain• Check Lists• Risk Analysis• Improvement plan with pros and cons of each option
• Operational/management plan for post‐certification maintenance