Lilljeborg-1867-On Two Subfossil Whales Discovered in Sw OCR

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illjeborg"'7ON

TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALESD I S C O V E R E ~ IN SWEDEN.

BY

PBOFES80R OF ZOOLOGY.

WITH 11 PLATES.

UPSALA,W. SCHULTZ. 186'1.

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Our knowledge of the Whalebone Whales, the largest of all mammals, hashitherto been, and stilI is, very imperfect, notwithstanding the publicationin later times of several treatises on that subject, which POBBes8 great merit,and materially contribute to dissipate the darkness, that has hitherto enveloped that portion of zoological science. Later observations have shown,that the number of species comprised in that group is by no means so smallas had been supposed, as also that those, which occur in the Southern orAntarctic, are always different from those, which belong to the NorthernOcean. Since it was proved by the late Professor ESCBRICHT that theymake periodical migrations, it has been evident, that several species, thatpass the milder season of the yeat' in the North Polar leas, emigrate to thesouth in the colder season, and are occasionally met with in waters farsouth of their natural zone, e. g. Phy.a/,UI m",cultu COllPANYO, or PAY'.antiquontm GRAY in the Mediterranean; but, as far as we are aware, theynever extend their wanderings to the equatorial-regions, nor do those whichbelong to the Southern ocean ever enter the waters north of the equator. I tis however evident, that, in conaequence of this, the geographical distribution of the species is very extensive. On this subject much yet remains tobe investigated, and it is pOBBible that closer examination and comparisonmay show diiJerences between speciel that have been hitherto considered asidentical.As this d i s t r i b u t i ~ n appears to be dependent on temperature, for somespecies belong to the polar and others to the warmer seas, it is evident thatunder the different relations of temperature that prevailed in ancient ages,the d i s t r i ~ u t i o n must have been diferent from what it is at the prelent time.

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4 W. LILLJEBORG,During a colder period e. g. the Northern Whale (Balaena mylf.icetUl) hasvisited our Scandinavian seas, and during a milder period these waters havedoubtless been the resort of more. southern species. The time, at whichone of the species we have at present undel: review (E,ehrichti'UI rolmltu,) ,visited our seas, seems not to have been very distant, and the characterof the shells, found in the neighbourhood of the bones, shows that thesurrounding water was then such as it is now. We have unfortunately notbeen able to examine the earth strata at the spot where the other species(Hunteritu Svedm6orgii) waS found, but the epoch, at which the bones werethere imbedded, is without question far more ancient; and the structure ofthe skeleton indicates a nearer relationship with those species, which nowbelong to the milder seas , and one would accordingly seem justified in assuming that the bones were imbedded when the temperature was higher thanwhen the Northern Whale (Bala6na my,ticetu,) was found here, that is toaay, not under the 80 c&lled Ice-period. We may probably attribute it tothe period, when the European Marsh-Tortoise (Emy. Eu.ropaeajouili8) wasmet with here at least as far north as East Gothland.Among the contributions to a more accurate knowledge of the Whalebone Whales that have been made in later times, we would signalize thefollowing works: "Catalogue of Seals and Whales in British Museum" byJ. E. GRAY; "Om Nordbvalen (Balatma mylticlJtu, L.)", by D. F. EsCBRICBTand J. RElNBARDT in the Royal Danish "Videnskabs-Se1akabs" Transactions6th Series Natural and Mathemat. acienees, 5th VoI.; and "Notes on theakeletou of Whales in the principal Muaeums of Holland and Belgium, withdescriptions of two species apparently new to science", by W. H. ~ ' L O W E R , in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864. Also a worksmall in extent but remarkable for accuracy and fullness of detail: "On aWhale of the Genus PAyIGIus GRAY, captured iD Orkney", by ROBERtHEDDLE, in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1856, as also "Be-skrifvelBe af en ved Lofoten indbjlBrget Rorhval, Balamoptwa mUlCIllu,". byG. O. SARS, in the Norwegian "Videuskabs SeIakabets Forhandlinger"for 1865. .In the first-named very valuable work of Prof. J. E. GRAY (Catalogue of Seals and Whales &c.), baaed upon the rich materials aiforded bythe museums of England, France, Holland and Belgium, and a thoroughknowledge of all the litterature pertaining to the subject, it has been conclusively proved, that this group of the Animal kingdom's giants is by DOmeans so destitute of resource of dUferent ''forms'' or species, as had beenpreviously for them08t part s u p p 0 8 ~ d , and th&t the study of the dUfe-

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ON TWO 8UBF08SIL WIlA.LES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. I)rences requires greater critical accuracy than it has been hitherto usual tobring to the subject, as also that the distinguishing characteristics requirethe setting up of a greater number of generic groups and even families.The Wahlebone Whales' are .divided into 2 families: Balsmidae, withoutand BalaerwpUridae, with dorsal fin. Under the fimt of these families areclassed 5 or 6 and under the last 8 genera. Ten dift'erent species areconsidered as belonging to the former, of which however one (Halaenapho,a, ERn.) is very uncertain, and one (Palaeocet'IU Sedgwiclcii, SEEBY)only is found as a fossil; and to the latter family belong 24 different species,BOme / of which appear ' however tobe uncertain, and therefore have beenelassed as such. We may in the mean time look upon it as certain, that theumber of known species will much increase in proportion as our knowledgeof the whales found in the North Pacific and Antarctic Oceans approacheaperfection. In the above-named work of GRAY the greatest part of the characteristics are derived from the skeleton, as being the part which is mosteasily accessible f01" the Museums, and can thus be most frequently madethe object of a naturalists study, and which indeed doubtle88 aftords the bestmarks of distinction. N everiheless, as far as our present knowledge extends,variations in the structure of the skeleton are always accompanied by variations in the external form of the body, which shows that also these latter peculiarities are deserviug of attention, and that it is requisite, in order to gaina full and certain diagnosis of the dUferent species, to possess a knowlegenot only of the animal's skeleton but also of the form of the body. Sometimes in the absence of better indications good characteristics have beenderived from the ~ b i s k e r s , as for example, in the case of the Balaenamarginata, GRAY. As Prof. GRAY in this work has not only set forth theresults of his own extensive observations of Cetacea in general, but hasalso collected and arranged whatever is new and important in the communications of others, he has made this "Catalogue" a general synopsis ofthat whole order of Mammals,- in the study of which the work thus becomesan indispensable staudard.The treatise on the Northern Whale published by the late Prof.EsCHRIOHT and Prof. J. REINHARDT has the merit of being the most minuteand elaborated monography on the subject of any special kind WhaleboneWhale that we possess, and accordingly offers, while fully going into thenatural history of that Whale, a worthey example and good guide for anyonewho may wish to give out a monography of any other kind of Whale.The first of these gentlemen had the intention of publishing a detailed de:scription of the Nordcaper or Biscayo-Whale, but before he could carry

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6 W. Lu.LJDOBG,dUa iBte.doll into effect, his indefatigable scientific activity WI8 for eTerinterrnpted by bis untimely death, to the great lose both of hie acience andhis frienda. It is to be regretted that the work he had plaoned has not,aiace Prot: EscmuCRTS' death, been completed by his worthy coI1eagae illthe treatise OB the Northem Whale.Dr. W. H. FLoWER'S treatise on the wba1e-skeletoDB in the Dutchand Belgie Mnaenms, while evidencing the comparatiye anatomists experiencedeye alld accurate perception of characteristic distinctions, has the ftlerit of making us better acquainted with the interesting .whale-ake1etona preserved iathe two conntries above named, which otter typea of new genera and newspecies. It contains also some valuable remarks on the importance of the 0steological characteristics, with respect both to individual variations and thOlewhich are the result of age.

Before proceeding to a description of the bones of the two whalesthat form the subject of this eaaay, we will give a short acconnt of the ..yet known genera belonging to the suborder of the Whalebone Whales, iDorder to show in what relation the genera, to which the specimens in queItioa belong, atand to the other. In this we eoolider that we ought chieflyto follow the arrangemeat adopted by Prof. GRA.y in the above IIIflIltionedwork, with the exolusion of a few geaera, whioh seem to us to relt partlyon very alender partly OD iDBufftcient characteristics.Mylltic.. Gray, Families:~ : : ~ e . ~ e : ' " . present 1. Balaenopteridae, Gml.1absent 2. Balaenldae, Gral.

Guera:romple!e aDd=..:.:m.ridae. Jc1eDS . . . . .

and di- . 160 or DlOI'O 1. Phl,.lnl, GraJ.stinct. 1" Number ofpair of rlhI vertebraeBIadebonewitJa tl'OCelll8cor&COldeua and...u.oa . . . .

at upper end. 50 or leas 2. Balaenoptera,cloYeD or oRll epiltropbeua withbiceps. Of annular lateral proees-the CfI'ri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J'lowerlu8, Do IJeLcal Terte-brae. epistroJ.heua and nearest aclJlCtId with 111-nular latera1processea . . Sibbaldiua, Gmr.

lo1l't fbrmiDg m - l a tu1Ierde 5. JbchrichUu t Graf.t udimentar,. or nons . 8. )[egaptera, GraJ.

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ON TWO SUBFOSSlL WBALII I1ISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 'I

First pair of ribsIIIn tile upper end

Genera:undivided with proceI8U8 coraeoidev.a. 1. Balaena, Lima'-Bladebone wltJaout proe. lperfeet. ...... t. Eubalaena, (}ray.racoideua. Acromi-on .

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8 W. LILLJEBOBG,142) and also according to what }"LOWER has shown in the above citedwork. is without question a very. young Phy.alUl antiqt,orum (mUlculUl),or at least a species of the same genus. The description given by O.SARS, in his above mentioned paper, of the yOWlg Phy.


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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 9others, is of so changeable a form, that much stress is not to be laid onthis circumstance, the general the skeleton Ca-

to agree specimenantiquorll'1l'1. and stuffed which are toUjardin des Paris, in the of the theMuseum of Anatomy, skeleton is some-what smaller individual, (14 metres long), with only 62 vertebrae and 14pairs of ribs, (the first pair being probably lost). The agreement betweenthem in the form of the lateral processes of the cervical vertebrae is complete. As iu the case of the B. Carolinae. according to our own observa-tion , the has the lateral on one side, right,closed or on the other In this as theform of the great similitude andthe specimen mwculUB by G. O. SARS abovementioned treatise. In this latter l'Jpecimen it is true that both lateral processes of the epistrophaeus were still open, but the drawing pI. 3. fig. [)shows, that that of the rigltt side was more nearly to be closed than that onthe left. We may therefore assume, that, in the developement of the lateralprocesses of the epistrophaeus in tis species it is normal that the right-hand process assnmes the annular As regards formof the body, Carolinae. if we npon the figure MALI(on the cover brochure referred presents some fromthe usual forth in the SCHLEGEL, andothers, the snout being obtoser, and the portion where the nostrils are situated projecting pretty abruptly, or forming a kind of hump instead of ahollow, as it is usually represented. Between SARS' and MAUl'S specimensthere is however this correspondence, according to MALll'S photograph, thatthere is a along the of the head. 1)states that on Norway's coast theappellation of a particular 8DeleIe8from others knotformedat the blowholes, identifies it Tuehval,aooordiog to the observations of the fishermen its in- and ex-spirations produce a peculiar dull sound, which seems to give some support to the assumption of this protuberance being a distinctive mark of the Bal. Carolina6;but in the first place the aforesaid figure, given by MAUl, has in all probability been from the Whale already stuffed photo-

I) Ibid.Nova Acta Ups., Ser. m

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10 LILLJEBORG,graphs of the animal, sold at the exhibition. seem to indicate a less markedprotuberance at the nostrils, and a more pointed s!,!out, and secondly itshould be remembered that R. HEDDLE in his "Notes on the Nybster Whale"l)remarks, that he had the opportunity to observe on another individual apparently of the same species (Physalus antiquorum Gray), that the place ofthe nostnls was sometimes fiat and at other times boldly projecting. (UTheblowholes were at times flat and unprojecting, at other times boldly protu-berant, the animal evidently having the power of raising or depressing th"seorgans"). This observation goes greatly to diminish the value of this pro-tuberance as a ~ h a r a c t e r i s t i c , which moreover was probably something smallerin reality than it has been represented in the figure referred to. One cir-cumstance which however requires notice is, that although it is about 55'long, the stnlcture of the bones indicates that it is as yet far from fnllgrown, whereas the skeleton of the PTI,y,alus antiquorum at Bergen, aswell as the skeleton, also of a male, preserved in the Zool. Riksmuseum atStockholm, which is about 58' long, (the length of the entire animal wouldtherefore be .60'-62') has all the characteridtics of an old full-grown indivi-dual. The larger size of the Bal. Carolinae in proportion to its age is acircumstance that receives additional weight from the statement of G. O. SARS,that the fishermen relate, that the "Tuehval" is larger than theother Finnersmet with in tllat tract, as also from that of HEDDLE, who says (ibid.) thatthe individual, ill which he had remarked the power of raising or lowelingthe nostrils, was "a very large Finner.' As the newspapers inform us thatwe 80011 expect from MAUl a detailed description of the B. Carolinae, wemay hope before long to be in possession of fixed points whereon to founda judgement 88 tho whether it be or be not a separate species.

2. Genus BALAENOPTERA, LACEPEDE.Jilwm of the 60dy lea. elongated than in the preceeding gem". Pectoralfin of moderate lenght, and dorsal fin tolerably high and lituated at the 68-

ginning of the polterior third of the animals length. Processu, coraroideus antiacromion Itrongly developed, and prOCUItU coronoidell' high. Flr,t, pair of ";'6,angle and undivided at th6 'Upper end. Num6er of verte6rae 50 or les,.Cm!ical verttlrrae ordinarily free, 6ut ,ometjmes the 2nd and Brd, and occano-.aUy the and 4th are unitMl at the arcll'. The atla, I l l I I the lateral pro-e"," ,ituated a60'Ut the middle of th6 lid". ThtJY are umaUy annular only

I) Proceed. of the Zoolog. Soc. of London. 1856. pag. 197.

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 11.n tAe epiltropluuu.. hut 'tmutimu o.z,o on tAe 5th and 6th occalionally onlyon one Bide of the 6th Number of t-ib, 11-12 pair,. Whilker, white.

Of this genus' only one species is with certainty known, viz. Balae-nopt. roltrata (0. FABRICIUS) J. GRAY, which offers two varieties: Pteroba-lama mi110f' , variet. groenlandiea et herge",", D. F. ESCHBICHT, the one obtained from the North-Eastern coast of N. America, the other from the western and northern coasts of Europe. J. GRAY 1) from some fl"agments ofthe skeleton has with some uncertainty adopted a 2nd species, under thename of Balaenopt. Swinhoei. It is from the sea in the neighbourhood ofFormosa, but our knowledge of it is as yet so imperfect that; it is no possibleto decide with certainty whether it ought really to be classed under thisgenus. Professor H. C. L. BARKOW I) has described a smaller skeleton ofa young Whalebone Whale, preserved in the University-museum at Breslau,which, though in other respects appearing to corl'espond with the Balaenop-tera ro,trata, differs remarkably from that species in the structure ofthe anterior extremities, on which a thumb with one phalanx are said to beplainly visible; but BARKOW has himself declared, that it is by no meanscertain, that the extremities thus described belong to this skeleton, andFLOWER and GRAY on this account look upon this species as very dubious.According to ESCHRICHT I) it is probable that a species belonging to thisgenus is to be found at Kamtschatka and the Aleootskia Isles, there sometimes kalled T.ehilcagluch, according to CHAMlSSO, but it is far from likely,that this should be, 8S ESCHRICHT, in consequence of the similitude betweenthat name and Tikagulik, the Greenlandic name of the Bal. roltrata, supposes, identical with that species. Another species may probably occur inthe northern part of the Pacific.

3. Genus FLOWERIUS, n. gen. C).Form of the body .lender a?&d elongated, with rather .mall pectoral

fins, and the dor.al fin .mall and situated very lar back, .omewluat in frontof the poBtmor .filth l!,f the 6'lltire body, lenght. ProeeBftU coracoidetu and a-cromion Btrongly developed, proe. coronoideUl high. First pair of rib. hav, .

I) Catalogue. p. 382.') Das Leben der Walle. fol. Breslan. 1862.') Unters116bungen Uber die nordiscben Wallthiere. p. 180.4) Named after Dr. W. H. FLOWER, as a memorial of his services to cetologieal studies.

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12 W. LILLJEBORG,tite upper md cloven (W 1Jic'P' and the lower 1n.rgely emarginated. Numberof vertebrae probably about 60, all the cervical vertebrae .eparate. The atlalha. the lateral proc88.e. above the middle and of a conical form. Only theepi8trophaeu. has annular Bide-proceIBes. Number of rib. about 14 pairs.Of this genus there is as yet but one species with which we are acquainted, viz. the great Ostende- or Giant-Whale Flowetius gigtu (ESCHRICHT),Sibbaldius borealis GRAY. By GRAY it, has been ranged in the genus Sib-6aldiu., but it differs so much both in exterior and interior characteristicsfrom the Si6baldiuI laticeps GRAY and Sibbalditu Schlegelii FLOWER, that itought in our opinion to be considered as the type of a separate genus. Itsdorsal fin differs both in situation and form, and the lateral processes ofits cervical vertebrae are, different, &c.

4. Genus SIBBALDIUS, J. GRAY.F01"m of body .lender and elongated, with .mall pectoral fin., and

dorsal fin of middle dimensions, and situated just .behind the commencementof the posterior third of the body's length. Proce88u. coracoideus and acromion8trongly developed, proce88us coronoideus high. First pair of ribs with upperend cloven (W biceps and the lower end not hollowed out. Number of vertebrae' 55-58. Lateral proc88s88 of atlas compre88ed, and .ituated in. aboutthe middle of the sides. The old individuals have the lateral prOC6IBes on theepistrophaeus and nearest adjacent vertebrae annular. M,mber of rib. 1B-14 pairs.According to FLOWER and GRAY we know with certainty two speciesof this genus, and tere is a third which according to GRAY may perhapsbe considered as belonging to i t The first, S. laticep. GRAY, is from theNorth-sea and North Icy Ocean, the second, S. Schlegelii FLOWER is fromthe seas about Java; and the Brd, S. antarctieu. BURMEISTER, of which weknow only the bladebone, and which therefore cannot with certainty beranged in this genus, is from the seas about the south-eastern coast ofSouth America, in the neighbourhood of Buenos-Ayres.

5. Genus ESCHRICHTIUS, J. GRAY,including the species E. robustu. (LILLJEBORG) or Balaenopt61'a robu.taLILLJEBORG, of which more hereafter.

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 186. Genus MEGAPrrERA, J. GRAY.

Form of the 'hody thick and compact, with long pectoral /ins, providedwith undulated margins; and a low dorsal fin, posited at the 'heginning ofthe posterior third of the bodys length. Processus coracoideus and acromionrudimentary or wanting, and processus coronoid6Us low 'hut clearly recogni~ a l J l e . First pair of ri'h8 single and undivided at upper end. Number of verte'hrae 52-53. Lateral processes of atlas compressed, and situated above themiddle of the sides. None of the cervical vertebrae have annular lateral processes, and sometimes a pair of them has more or less grown together. Num-6er of ri'h. 14 pairs.This is the most aberrant generic form to be found in the family ofthe Balaenopteridae, and in its thick form of body and short vertebrae it seemsto betray an approach to the Balaenidae. The type of the genus is the Balama 'hoops FABRICIUS or Balaena longimana RunOLPBI from the North-Seaand Nothern Icy Ocean. We have moreover Megaptera Lalandii (FISCHER)from the seas arOlmd the Cape of Good Hope, and Megapt. Osphyia E. D.COPE 1), from the sea to the East of the United States, and GRAY enumeratell besides four uncertain species, namely jJL Novae Zelandiae GRAY,from New Zealand, .J'J.? Burmei8teri GRAY. from the Ocean at Buenos Ayres,M. Americana GRAY, from the Bermuda Isles, and M. K ~ i ' r a GRAY, fromthe Japannese Waters.

2. Family Balasnidae. J. GRAY.No dor.al fin; under surface of body without grooves: u:hisker. long,

fine and little if at all bent. the greater portion at least of the cervical verte-6rae uniUd ~ c .

1. Genus BALAENA, LINNE.MO'llthopening. vieu:ed from the side, forming a regular arch. Firs t

pair of rib. uith upper end single. Bladebone with 'hoth acromwn andproceB8U. cO'lacoideu. plainly visibles. IntermatJJillary 'hone at the upper 81trfacsof the cranial snout 'hut little 6roader than the upper jawbones. The anteriO?"rib. with the lower end somewhat thi." and compres.ed, and the num'her ofribs 13 pairs. The whuker. with a single row of fine 'hrUtles OfJ. the 'harder.

Wc have yet certain knowledge of only one species of this genus,I) Proceedings of the Academy of Natural sciences of Philadelphia. 1865. p. 168.

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14: W. LILLJEBORG,viz. Balama My.ticetul LINri, from the N. Polar Seas. Besides this GRAYreckons three other species to this genus. Balaena biscayenm GRAY, Balomarginata GRAY and? Bal. gib60.a ERXL., of which the first does not, andthe 2nd , which was found in the Western Australian seas, probably doesbelong to this genus, bnt is known only by its whiskers, and the thirdmost probably does not reaIJy exist.

2. Genus EUBALAENA, J. GRAY.Jfouthopening, viewed from the side, forming an. irregular arch, the

back part rising almo.t perpendicularly. Fir,t pair of rib, single at tIpperand very lIroad at lower end. Bladellone tt:ithout prOCeBBU' coracoidem tImt with peifect acromion. lnterma:x:iUary lIone on. 'the 'Upper Bide of the cranial moot much broader 'than the upper jaw lI01leB. Number of rib, 15 pair' tand the 2d and .equent anterior pair. .omewhat thin and compreBBed at thmlou:er end. 'Whisker, provided with ,everal rou" of 'tiff edge-bristle .The type of this genus is the Balaena australiB DESMOULINS, fromthe seas of Southern Africa. There is moreover a species, E'Ubal. cisarctic(JE. D. COPE 1), from the ocean on the Eastern coast of the United States,the structure of the skeleton of wich is tolerably well known, and GRAYadds another species, Eubal. Sieboldii GRAY, from Japan, which however isonly known i a Japannese porcelain' model ,

3. Genus CAPEREA, J. GRAY. \ \Slceleton indicateB a lIody similar in form to that of the Eub. (J"- \. trali . , and the back part of ~ t J w p e n i n g , viewed from the side, is almo8t .perpendicular, but'" what particularly distinguisheB this genu., is tAat the bladebone has only a rudimentary acromion and no coracoide proCeB.. Fit1t pairof rib, single at upper, and very broad and obliquely and .lightly hollou:edout 0 at lower end. TM fon of the cranit,m .eems similar to that af tAeEubalaena. AU the cmcal vertebrae are united t o g ~ . Number of tier-tebrae 55-56. NumlJer of rib. 15 pair.. According to Gray the tympanal-bone has the form of an irregular oval rhomIJ, tcith the opening very Imall

I) Proceed. of Acad. of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1866. p. 168. Copeexpresses the suspicion of the identity of this Whale with the Bal. BiM:aVen.u, bathis description seems to indicate coDsiderable differences between them.

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16 W. LILLJEBORG,that the Balaena bileaymlis, or Biscay-Whale ESCHBICBT belongs also tothis genus

ESCIffiICHTIUS ROBUSTUS (LILLJEBORG).Balaenoptera robu.ta, LILLJEBORG. Ofversigt af Skandinaviens Hvaldjur, p. 77.E.ehrichtim robu,tm. J. GRAY. Catalogue &c. p. 133.In our work "Ofversigt af Skandinaviens Hvaldjnr", printed in Uppsala Universitets Arsskrift for 1861 and 1862, we have given an accountof snch bones of this whale as have been discovered, bnt we consider thatwe ought to repeat that list before passing to a description of those bones.The bones found are:

1'he two lower jaw-bones.4 cervical vertebrae: 1st , 3rd, 4th and 6th 7 dorsal vertebrae: 1st , 3rd , 5th , 6th , 7th , probably the 13th and oneof 9th -11th.8 lumbosacral vertebrae: probably 1at , 2nd I 3rd 5th I 6th , 9th ,1 0 thand 11th.14 caudal vertebrae: probably 1at 2nd , 4th, 6th , 9th , 11th-17th 19thand 20th 4 processus spinosi inferiores.1 processus transversus which probably belonged to the 4th lumbosacral vertebra.The right bladebone.The left humerus.The right ossa antibrachii.6 carpal bones.4 metacarpal bones.4 finger-bones.One of the cornua anterior a of the os hyoideum.The sternnm.22 libs, some imperfect, 12 belonging tho the right and 10 to the leftside. 16 belong to 8 pairs i. e. are fellows. On the left aide from

the 11th to the 14th. both inclnaive, and on the right side the 3rdand 15th ribs are missing.1."he loww jaw-boneB (PI 1 figg. 1-4 ) furnishes one of the moat important characteristics of this Whale. There is no other known Balaenopterid in which they have the same form. That which particularly distin-

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 17gnishes them is, that the processus coronoideus is rudimeutary, in the formof a tubercle, widening a little at the outer side; that they are very littlebent, and that they have the back end very high, higher than the rest ofthe bone, with a remarkably large coodylus. As well in this last circumstance as with respect to the coronolde process, they present an approxximation to the genus Balaena. The large condylus indicates that the cranium. had large articular processes on the temporal-bones. Even their anterior termination is different from that of the other Balaenopteridae in asmuch as that it is nearly as much twisted as in the Balama, so that theouter side almost is subjacent and horisontal, and the inner is for the mostpart directed upward. They are in proportion to their length higher thanin any other Whalebone-Whale. Their upper part is, in front of the coronolde process, compressed and thin, and stands about as high up as thatprocess. On their outer side they present a slight uniform curvature, andthere one remarks 7 oblong holes for vessels &c. The distance betweenthe condylus and the great opening for the alveolar vessels and nerves isless, and thus the col1um shorter than in the other Balaenopteridae, but notso short as in the Balaena. 1'he back part of these bones is moreover distinguished by their lower or angular portion being as large as the condylarportion, and these are but little separated, and display on the back part asingle continuous articular surface. The height or lougitudinal dimensionof the coudylus is considerably greater than the transversal. The dimensions of the lower jaw-bones are 1): Length 8' . 2"; height over condylusI ', 5"; height o v ~ r coronoIde process 11"; heigth in the middle lOt". Fromthe length of the lower jaw-bones we may infer that this Whale's head wasabout 8' long. The left lower jaw-bone is on the outer side much injuredby caries. Though these bones dift'er greatly in form from those of theBalaena, 6eing much shorter and higher, yet they exhibit in the characterof the coronoIde process, as also in their hinder extremity and the stronglytwisted fore}Jart a stronger affinity to that genus than to any of the Balaenopteroldes; and more especially these bones prove that this Whale maywith reasou be looked upou as the type of a separate genus.The found cornu artterius (PI. I. fig. 5) which is about 17" longin a straight line, agrees with the ordinary form of that of the Balaenopteridae. It is slender and slightly curved, with the front side (c) concaveand the back (d) convex, and the interior end (a), which is slightly turned

I) All measures are expressed in Sweedish ''verkmltt' ' which is nearly the sameaa English. 1 Sweedish Inch = 0 ...9742 English.Nova Acta Rag. Soc. Sc. Ups., Ser. m. Vol. VL 8

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18 W. LILLJEBORG,upwards, somewhat depressed, with a round point and concave upper side,and with the outer end (6) almost round. This last mentioned end is notlarger than the inner, which has on the under side a large oblong ovaltnberosity somewhat projecting at the back edge of the bone, though notvisible on the side exhibited in the figure. The front border of the boneis a little within the centre (6) sharp, and the back border a little withoutthe centre has a projecting tuberosity, and the middle portion of the boneis somewhat :flattened.The atlas (Pt I. figg. 6 and 7) is very strong and thick. and inform corresponds most nearly with that of the JJegaptera, thoug it isstill thicker, and deviates remarkably from that type in having a di-ltinct hypapophysis (RETZIUS) (a), pointing backwards, and accordinglymost projecting at the back part of t h ~ bone. (Fig. 7 a). I t alsodiffers in that the foramen spinale is broad at the upper part and formsan acute angle at the lower. It is somewhat oblique on account of the leftlateral process going higher up than the right, and the articular surface forthe left condylus occipitalis is larger than for the right. The fossae condyloideae, by carrying their upper and inner border a little inward, dividethe foramen spinale into an upper and lower division. 'rhe lateral processes are short, compressed, blunt, and knotty, and their height considerably greater than their length. Their direction is somewhat oblique fromthe lower part backward, and they are situated above the middle of thesides of the bone 1) and directed obliquely upwards and outwards. Betweenthem and the upper edge of the fossae condyloideae, and nearer the latter,is a foramen for the arteria vertebralis, which pierces in an inward direction through the base of the arcus (neurapophyses OWEN). 1.'his foramenis shown in fig. 7 (6). The two fossae condyloYdeae or the concave articular surfaces for articulation with the condyli occipita-Ies are separated atthe lower extremity by a shallow furrow or sulcus, and extend with theirlower border beneath the edge of the lower arcus, so that this latter is inits middle part hollowed out The Ilypapophysis (a) is a blunt tuberclepointing backwards, its point extending beyond the level of tile vertebra,and it was doubtless l'eceived in a corresponding fossa on tile lower sideand anterior border of the epistrophaeus. On the upper sidc of the upperarcns is a rudimentary processus spinosus or new'al spinc. When the atlas

I) In this respect this hone agrees with the corresponding bone of the Jlegap-gaptera, but differs from tbat of tbe Sibbaldill8, in wbich genus tbe lateral processesalso bave the sbort and compressed form. bot project from tbe middle of the sides.

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-ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 19

is wiewed from behind (fig. 7) the articular surface for articulation with theepistrophaeus appears almost in the form of a horse-shoe and undivided. I tdoes not extend so high up as the fossae condyloIdeae and is at the middleof the side parts a little convex. Dimensions of atlas: Breadth between theextremities of the processus transversi l ' 6f'; length or thickness of theaideparts (partes laterales) 3t"; length of processus transversi 3" ; heightof the same 4t"; lleight of atlas 12t". It is a sensible defect in our description of this skeleton that the epistrophaeus could not be included in it.

TM 3rd cervical vertebra. viewed from behind, (PI. II. fig. 8)1) isdistinguished by the strong developement of the lower branch of the lateralprocesses (parapophysis), which is much larger than the upper (diapophysis)and which, together with the latter, is inclined slightly backward. Thecorpus is concave behind and convex is front, and of an almost rectangularform, with the corners rounded off, and with a notch in the upper backborder continued a little way downward as a shallow furrow. In the midstof the corpus is a low, blunt, longitudinal ridge. The arcus has a verysmall processus spinosus, but is distinguished by its considerable height,which is probably greater than in any other Balaenopteride, whence it appears fhat the height of the foramen spinale is nearly equal to its tranB-versal measure t). The processus obliqui anteriores (Zygapophyses) are lessthan the posteriores, but nevertheless distinct. The latter have tolerablylarge concave articular surfaces. Both the upper and under branches of thelateral processes, but especially the latter, are directed upwards, and theformer have the point divided, or running out into an upper and lower process, of which the lower is directed to the upturned point of the lowerbranch, and the inconsiderable distance between them has probably beenfilled with cartilage. The corroded edges of these points show that theyhave been longer, and therefore the distance between them less, when theywere entire; but it is evident that the lateral processes neither of this norof the succeeding vertebrae have been annular. The upper branches haveat the base of the anterior side a projecting keel or crista. The lower,larger branches are bent upwards, uneven at the lower border, at the hinderpart of the base they are provided with a little projecting border, are thinand compressed at the points, are also there higher than on the other parts,

I) We assume this on the ground of the uniform agreement of other Baleonopteridae iu the size and direction of the lateral processes.I} GRAY considers the form of the foramen spinate as especially distinguishingthis whale.

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w. LILLJEBOBG,and have some signs of a diviaion Similar to that of the upper braaehes,the external border being concave. Dimenaions of this cervical vertebra:Breadth of the corpus 8t" j height of d:o . 6'; length of d:o . 2-1-"; heightof the vertebra 12t"; distance between the extremities of the upper bran-ches of the lateral processes 1st ' ; d:o between d:o of lower 2St";height of these last at extremities Sf'; height of the foramen spinale 5f';breadth of d:o 6f'.

That which we look upon as the next or 4th C6rt1ical tJerubra, sincewith respect to the form of the arcus and corpus, the position of the pro-cessus obliqui and direction of the lateral processes, it exactly fits into thepreceeding or .Srd, is of a somewhat slenderer structure. The arcus is equallylarge and of the same form, and the occasion is accordingly the samewith respect to the foramen spinale. Both the upper and lower branchesof the lateral processes (diapophyses and parapophyses) are parallel withthose of the foregoing, but both, and especially the lower, are slendererthan they, and not quite so much directed back. Here also the upper branchshows signe of a division at the extremity, but the lower process is theremuch longer. I t does not however show any signs of having been unitedto the upturned point of the lower branch, but the interval between themhas no doubt been filled up with cartilage. The lower branch has at theback of its base a somewhat stronger projecting border. The corpus hasalso here on the under side a blunt ridge, is concave behind and convexin front, but is thinner, and its length 2". I t is destitute of the notch whichappeared do the hinder aide and middle part of the upper edge of thepreceeding vertebra.That, which we look upon as the 6th CmN:al tJertebra (pI. ll . fig. 9),shows a considerable agreement with the corresponding vel1ebra of the Btrlfunopt6ra roltrata, except that the corpus is less broad, and the foramenspinale rather larger and higber, though not so high as in the foregoing.The corpus is without ridge on the under side, and the upper branch ofthe lateral processes is mucb shorter and smaller than the lower, and both,though but little, directed forward. The corpus is concave in the middleboth before and behind. The processus spinosus is higher than on the pre-ceeding vertebra. The somewbat widening extremity of the lover branchof the lateral processes bears evident tokens of the adhesion of cartilage,with which the interval between the ends of the two branches has evidentlybeen filled. At the base of the hinder aide of the lower branches is anedge extending abruptly out backward, or a depressed process. Dilllensionsof that vertebra: Breadth of the corpus 7r; height of d:o 7"; height of

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 21vertebra 13r; distance between the points of upper branches of lateralproeeases 17f'; d:o between d:o of lower d:o 22t"; length of corpus 2".All the cervical vertebrae have been free. The epiphyses are fixed.As, in addition to the first pair of ribs, which has been lost, therehave been found 14 pairs in a more or less perfect state, this Whale musthave had at least 15 pairs of ribs, and therefore 15 dorsal vertebrae. Asthe 14 pairs that have been found are consecutive, and the appearance ofthe 14th of them seems to indicate that it was the last, we have reasonto suppose that it had not more than 15 pairs of ribs, and accordingly notmore than 15 dorsal vertebrae.The 1 t dor,al tJerttbra (PI. n. figg. 10 and 11) is as nsual charac-terized by its thinner corpus and its lateral processes, which are compressedand largely inclined forward. The upper part of the arcus is lost. Its corpnsis destitute of ridge on the lower side, and is in the midst of the epiphysishollowed out both in front and behind. Looked at from the ends it is ofa transversal oval form, with the npper edge almost straight. The foramenspinate is triangular, and its breadth is without question greater than itsheight. T h ~ processus obJiqui anteriores are but sligbtly projecting, andthe p08teriores scarcely perceptible. The ends of the processus transversiare high, bent downwards, and strongly compressed. On the lower sideof the left lateral process is a little articular smiace, probably for the se-cond or third ribs tuberculum. On the sides of' the corpus, beneath thebase of the lateral processes, and nearer the posterior border is a field,separated by a tuberosity projecting in front, partly covered by a harderosseous matter, and concave, which has probably been the point of fixationfor the capitulum of the 4th pair of ribs, which is provided with a very longcollum (pI. VI. fig. 50). The epiphyses are firmly fixed to the bone.Dimensions of this vertebra: Breadth of corpus 10"; height of d:o 6f';lenght of d:o on the under side Sr; distance between extremities of lateralproC6ues 19f'; length of lateral processes 7f'.The dor,al tJwteiJra which we consider as eM Srd (PI. II . figg. 12and IS) has also its lateral processes inclined forwards, but its corpus ismuch thicker than the preceeding, and the external extremity of the lateralprocesses is of a different form, broad, not compressed, and provided onthe under side with a concave articular surface. The corpus, viewed fromeither end is of a rounded oval form, with its tranversal dimension greatest,with upper edge concave, and with both the anterior and posterior surfacesplane. On the under side it has a low longitudinal ridge, and is concaveon the sides between the edges withont any traces of an articulating area.

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21 W. LILI.JEBOBG,The processus spinosus is tolerably high and directed backward. The pro.cessus obliqui anteriores et posteriores are plainly visible, and outside theformer are tolerably high projecting processus mammillares (A. RETZIU8).The foramen spinale. is subtriangnlar, and the transversal dimension considerably greater than the height The lateral proceues are short and thick,and the epiphyses are firmly attached to the corpns. Dimensions of thisvertebra: Breadth of corpus Sf'; height of d:o 6f'; length of d:o 5'; distance between extremities of lateral processes 17r; height of the vertebrato the top of processus spinosus 16t"; breadth of ends of lateral procel-

A I"ses ' *8 'The dor,al vert,brae which we take to be tAl 5th , 6th and 7th werefound lying together with the ends of their corpora in their natural position.The 5th and 7th agree accurately with the 6th as here represented, (PI. ILfigg. 14 and 15), and they differ from the third by their larger size, longer projecting neuralspine, and longer and broader lateral proC688es, whichin all point backward. .

The 5th differs from the other two in having its lateral processesshorter and less inclined backward, in being broader over the processusmammillares, and in having a broader foramen spinale. The 7th differs fromthe . 6th only in having slightly longer lateral processes, and a narrower foramen spinale. The epipbyses are loose on all three. They are also 100s8on the succeeding dorsal vertebrae and on the two first lumbar vertebrae.We may therefore, according to FLOWER, consider this skeleton as that ofa whale in the 2nd or "adolescent" period of life.

rrh 6th dor,al verteiJra (PI. II . figg. 14 and 15), which we shalldescribe separately, has a corpus, when viewed endwise, rounded oval,with the transverse dimension greatest, and the upper edge slightly concave.Its sides, as well as the upper surface, are concave and smooth betweenthe edges, and its under side strongly convex longitudinally in the middle,but not ridged. The foramen spinale is almost halfround, with the tr&D8-versa! dimension greater tban the height. rrhe processus mammillares arecompressed, oblong, strongly projecting, and, as well as the processus obliqui anteriores, completely separated from the base of the lateral processes,but united with the base of the arcus. 'l.'he processus spinosus (neural spine)is high, much inclined backwards, cut off obliquely at the point, with roOD-ded comers, and with the front sharp edge concave, when viewed fromthe side, and with the point something broader. The lateral processes arefiattened with somewhat thicker points, and there on the under side andnearer the posterior angle, provided witll a concave articulating cavity forthe costa. Viewed from above these processes are considerably broader at

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 28the points, with the fore edge a little but the back edge much bent backward, and somewhat concave at the terminal border. Their posterior edgeis hollowed out at the base. Dimensions of this vertebra: Breadth of corpus 9-r; height of d:o T'; length of d:o 6f'; height of the vertebra to thepoint of the proces8us 8pinosus 1St'; distance between extremities of lateral processes 2'. 4"; length of the one lateral process at the anteIior eclge9f'; aud of the other 1 J' ; length of the processus spinosus on the anterioredge Sr; distance between the external edges of the processus mammil-I 71"ares "i"'The dorsal tJerteln'a, which we consider as the 9th , 10th or 11th,differs frolD the 7th in that its corpus is longer and higher, its foramenspinale smaller, its lateral processes longer and more inclined backwards,its processus spinosus longer, and the distance bdween the external edgesof the processus mammillares less. Compared with that which we take tobe the 18th (PI. m. figg. 16 and 17), it differs in having the lateral processes tlh0l1er and broader and with larger and deeper articular cavities atthe point, the processus spinosus shorter, the foramen spinale broader, andthe distance between the outer edges of the processus mammilIares greater.These differences are then of the same kind as those that distinguish the7th from it, and are conformable with the continuous change in the vertebrae throughout the whole dorsal region.- The dorsal vertebra which we take to be the 18th (PI. m. figg. 16and 17) is distinguished from those already described by the length of thelateral processes and processus spinosus, as also by the formers more slender form and inconsiderable articular-cavity at the end (fig. 17 a). Theforamen spinaIe is also smaller than in the foregoing and its height andbreadth about equal, and its form triangular, and the distance between theouter edges of the processus mammillares less. Viewed endways, the corpusis more rounded than in the preceeding. but the width is nevertheless considerably greater than the height, and the upper edge is slightly concave.On the lower side along the middle it is much convex, but without ridge,and the sides between the edges are concave. The processus obliqui anteriores and mammillares are long, and project from the anterior edge of thearcus. The processus spinosus, which is much inclined backward, andtl1lncated at the point, has the anterior shal,}) border, viewed from the side,somewhat concave, its extremity being broader. The lateral processes arealso much inclined backward, and have both the anterior and posterior edges,with the exception of the latters base, sharp, but a little within the middleof the former is a projecting rough protuberance. On this vertebra, as

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24 W. LILLJEBORG,well as on the preceeding, (9th, 10th , or 11th) and 5th, 6th and 7th thereis above the posterior edge of the base of the lateral processes a hollow(fossa) sharply defined in front, which is deeper in the 5th , 6th and 7thAt the ends the lateral processes are thickened, but are yet provided withbut an inconsiderable articulating hollow, which extends from the middleof the extremity obliquely under its posterior angle. Dimensions of thisvertebra: Breadth of corpus 9f; height of d:o 7"; length of d:o 7r;height of the vertebra to the top ofpl'ocessus spino8Us 19r; rectilinear distancebetween posterior angles at the ends of lateral processes 2' Sf'; length of la-teral processes in anterior border 18"; breadth of their euds 5f'; lengthof processus spinosus in anterior border about '9"; distance between externaledges of processus mammillares 6r ,The vertebra, which we take to be the le t lumbosacral tJmebra (PLm. figg. IS, 19 and 20) is distinguished from the dorsal vertebrae in ha-ving its lateral processes longer, thinner, and less inclined backward, andwithout articulating surface for the ribs, and from the other lumbosacralvertebrae by these processes being thicker at the ends than in them. Asfor the rest in form it differs but little from the hindermost dorsal vertebrae,but has the corpus a trifle higher, the foramen spinale of greater heightthan breadth, and tbe distance between the external edges of the processusmammiUares less 1). It is by this characterized as a lumbar vertebra. Viewedendways the corpus is rounded oval, with the transversal dimension largest,and the upper border of the anterior end very slightly concave, but thesame edge on the posterior eud straight. The corpus on the lower sidealong the middle is very convex but presents no ridge. The lateral pro-cesses are very thin, especially at the anterior border, but at the pointforwards they are thicker, especially the left. The processus spinosus dis-plays about the same form as in the last described dorsal vertebra, but hasnot so broad a point when viewed from the side. The light processusmammiUaris stretches farther forward than the left. Dimensions of this ver-tebra: Breadth of corpus 9f; height of d:o 7f'; length of d:o S", di-stance between extremities of lateral processes 2' 10r; length of lateralprocesses 13"; height of the vertebra to the end of processus spinosus 20f';length of processus spinosus aboot 13"; distance between extenlal bordersof processus mammilJares 5r.The 2nd lUT"bosacral tJerUbra is similar to the first, but the lateral,

') In tbe form o( the end o( the lateral processes it agrees very nearly withthe 1" lumbosacral vertebra of tbe Balama mY8nc,hu.

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ON TWO 8UBFOSSIL WHALES DlSCOVER&D IN . SWEDEN. 26processes are thinner at die poiBt, l e . incHaed baekwards, and have, wbeaviewed from above, the concavities at the base in the fore and hinder eel.gee about equal. Both this and the ~ I l o w i n g vertebrae are withold ridgeon the under aide of the corpua.

The Bid lwm6ro'Clcral t lmek (PI. m. figg. 21, 22, 23) likewisecloaely resembles the fint, but its corpu has the upper edge of the foreend straight , and the convexity, aloog the middle of the under sicle iaatronger; the furamen spinaJe is smaller, and ita breadth greater than itaheight; the lateral processes stand out almost at right-angles, and the pro6eUDS s p i n ~ 8 1 l S both iu this and tlte preeeeding vertebra is very slightlymore inclined backwards than in the first DimeDsioDs of this vertebra:Breadth of corpus 9f'; height of d:o 7r; length of d:o Sf'; beigth oftile vertebra to top of proceuas spiD081I8 21"; distauce between extremities ofproceHUs trlMverai 2' 11f'; length of procel81l8 transversi ur; lengthef processUl spinOlUB about 12"; diatance between external edges of pro.eeuui mammillares 6".

The ltnn,6o'Clcml tlMeMoa, which we take to be the 5th is similar tothe Srd above described, but has ita lateral prooel8e8 seaaibly broada(6" broad, while those of the aN are but 6-F), and along the middle of theunder side of the COrpu8 is an evident though not sharp ridge. In this asalso in the folloring vertebra the laieral proceHe8 are still a little inclinedbackwards.

TAl 6th l",mbo'Clt:ral wrt." (PI. IV. figg. 24, 25, 26) is similarto the 5th, but has the anterior end of the corpus more rounded, witll thetaansversal dimension but inconaiderably larger tbUl the height. The broaderpart of the lateral processes extends more nearly to die base, and theirgreatest breadth is in the middle 1), and the ridge along tile middle of thelower side of the corpus is sharper. The foramen .pinale is little, and somewhat broader than it is high. DimeD8ioos of this vertebra: Breadth of c o r ~ pus in front 9f'; height of d:o 8f length of d:o 8f'; distance betweeuthe extremities of the lateral proce88es S' 1"; lengdl of right lateral process 14t"; and of left d:o 1St"; breadth of the right d:o 6f: &Dd of theJeft d:o 5f'.

The v e 1 ' t e b r a e ~ whioh we take to be the 9th 10th and 11th lumiHnlJ'"6Nl tJmelwa" are diBtiftguislted from the j_8t described by a. somewhathigher corpus and by shorter lateral processes" standing out at right angles,

I) In the second the broadest part of the lateral procesaea is nearer the extremity.No". Acta Beg. Soc. Se. Upa., Ser. m. VoL VL "

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w. LILLJBBOBG,above which they have a loAg prooesiU apiaosu, and they are r idpialong the middle of the under side of the corpus. There ilJ very littledUfereace between them, except that the 9th has the largest aud the11th the smallest lateral processes. The lOth (PI. IV. figg-. 27, 2S, 29)Us the corpus, when viewed endways (fig. 29) a l m o s t ~ round, but thetransverse dimellsion a little greater than the height The lateral pro.oeuesare broad in proportion to their length, and the left appears to stand moreItraigbt out from the side than the right, bat this latter has been ooDSide.rably corroded in the front border nearer the .extremity. The prooessUIImammiIlares are thin and the processus spinosu8, viewed from the side, narrower towards the end, e\"en allowing for the. eircumataDC6 that the anteriorborder is in that part somewhat imperfect. The foramen spioale is 8mall,and its breadth and he!ght abont equal, its form triangular, with an inward .directed ftexure in the sides near the upper angle. Dimensions of that ver .t6bra: Breadth of corpus 9f' ; height of d:o Sf; length of d:o 9t" ;distalleebetween extremities o( lateral processes 2' S"; length of right lateral process 12f';. breadth C!f left d:o 1) 6f'; height of vertebra to the top of proee881l8 spinosus 22"; length of processus spinosus about 13"; distance between external borders of processus mammiIlares 6".

In consequence of the diiferences that appear between the assumed11 h lumbosacral vertebra and that which we take to be the 1at caudal vertebra, ve assume that there bave been 3 more lumbosacral vertebrae, situated between the above mentioned, and accordingly that there were 14 vertebrae belonging to the lumbosacral region.

The lIt caudal wrtelwa (PI. IV. figg. 30, 31, 32) diifers from11 ill lumbosacral in that the corpus is higher and the ridge on its lower sideis blunt and terminates at the posterior extremity with a concave surface withtwo articular surfaces (fig. 31, a) for the processus SpiD08US inferior (haemapophyses), that the foramen spinale is less, that the lateral processes are.ooner and slightly incUDed forward, but inserted lower down on the sideeof the corpus, and directed decidedly downwards. Its proceasus Spiu08IWhas probably been aborter t). Viewed from the front eod (fig. 32), the,corpushas the upper border, making the base of the oval-rounded foramen spinale.straight, but short. The upper lateral borders below this are long and butliUle curved, Ij() that this end does not display a legularly rounded fonn.

I) The left is much sborted, being much corroded about the extremity.I) 1& corresponds to the vertebra that hy EiCHJUOHT and RBlNHABDT ("onthe Northern Whale") bas been considered as the last lumbosacral.

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ON TWO 8UBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 27The height is less than the transversal dimensioB. The lateral prooe&se.are broadest about the middle and are at the base very slightly narrower.The area with which the lower ridge on the corpus terminates at ita ante..rior extremity is plane. On the 11th lumbosacral vertebra it ita somewhatconvex. The articular-tmrfaees for the processus spin08us inferior in thehinder part are very small (fig. SI a). Dimensions of this vertebra: Breadthof corpus 10'F; height of d:o 9f'j length of d:o 9f'; distance between ex-tremities of lateral processes 2' S"; length of lateral processes 9"; breadthof d:o 4f'.The 2-d cattdal vertebra (PI. V. figg. SS, S4, 35) is similar to thefirst, but has somewhat shorter lateral processes, articular surfaces for theprocessus spinosus inferior also in front, and along the under side of thecorpus, from abont half its length backwards, it has a groove, which in itaback part at the right articular surface for the processus spinosus inferior(figg. 9S and 84 a) presents the anomaly of ha\illg a tolerably long, compressed process. Its dimensions, with the exception of the lateral procc88es,are the same as those of the last vertebra. Distance between extremities oflateral processes 2' 1 '

The 4th caudal vertebra (PI. V. figg. 36, 87, S8) is much mutilated,but it seems however that its lateral processes were less, and along themiddle of the under side of the corpus it has a broad very shallow groove.The binder articular surfaces for the processus spinosus inferiOl' are verylarge. The processus mammillares are thick, and the distance between theirexternal borders 5f"j the processus spinosus is broad and short, with the'point ronnded off, and a convex anterior edge.The 6th ca'Udal vertebra (PI. V. figg. S9, 40, 41) is distinguishedfrom the 4th by a shorter and higher corpus, with a broader groove on thennder side, an almost ronnd foramen spinale, a smaller distance betweenthe processns mammillares, and shorter lateral processes. Dimensions ofthis vertebra: Breadth of corpus in front l lf ' j height of d:o 9f'; length ofd:o 9f'; distance between extremities of lateral processes 19"; height of vertebra to the top of processus spinosus 17"; distance between external bordersof processns mammillares 4f'; breadth of lateral processes 5t; and lengthof d:o 5".

The 7th and 8th caudal vertebrae are lost That which we take tobe the 91h (PI. V. fig. 42) is distingni8hed by shorter corpus and smallerprocesses; for the rising right branch of the aorta passes through a bole(foramen) in the base of the right lateral process, and the correspondingleft branch passes along a tolerably deep furrow obliquely over the base

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18 . W. LlLLJBBOIW,et the left lateral proeel8, &Dd immediately o\' the hole throulh the baleof the right lateral proCQU j a abort cbaaneJ directed baokward; becausethe foramen spinale is very small and transversally rounded 0 ', and becauethe channel along the middle of the under side of the oorPIlI ia both broad.d eapecially iu its hinder part deeply coocave, aad there appears alao inthe middle of the under aide a broad tAUBvenal groove. Tile lateral pro-eeasee are qoite short, b1lt mooted forward" and their hiader angle stronglyrounded of . Viewed from. the ends the Corp08 is almost round, with thetransversal dimension rather greater than the height The sides are prettydeeply OODe&ve between the edgea, both above and below the lateral pro-eeUe8. The prooeMll8 mammiDares are moeh decayed, but one can seethat they were small and blunt. The prooe88OS apin080s is turned back.ward, with the poiBt rounded o . aud decayed. Dimensions of tu vertebra:Breadth of corpoa IIf '; height of d:o Sf'; length of d:o s.r; length of leftlateral proceSl 2f'; breadth of d:o 5t' ; height of vertebra to top of processuaspinoeaa lSr ; diataDce between extenlal borders of proceS8US mammiUareaSf'. Right lateral process imperfect

In consequence of the great difference in the siu of the corpus, ..well as of the procell8es, between our &Bsumed 9th caudal vertebra and theBext suooeedillg of those discovered, we are compelled to assume that therehas been a 10th , now lost, between them.

The 11th-17th, 19th , 20th caudal "me/wfU (Pt VI. fig. 4S) display the1IIual rapid diminution of the hinder caudal vertebrae as well with respect tothe corpus &8 the arcus and processes, which latter both at last altogetherdisappear. They also undergo considerable ehanges with respect to theforamina for the side branohes of the aorta. On the three fint we :find thearcus and decayed remains of the processus mammillares, and on the twofirst the lateral processes are distinctly visibles with the anterior angle for-ming a projecting point. III all three the foramen spinale at the back partdimiDishes rapidly in eize, and iD the third is very small. On it (the 13th)the only indication of the lateral processes is a bump extending longitodi-Dally over each side. The foramina, through which the abovementiooedright and left branches of the aorta P&l8, have even in the l at (the 11th) ofthese vertebrae their origin on each side of the deep longitudinal canal ODthe under aide of the corpus, and have their openiug& on the 11th and 12thvertebrae above the base of the lateral proceases, and 011 the 13tl l abovethe bump that occupies their place, aod over that opening is & bridge,under which the said artery pasaes. 'rbis bridge is D&lTowesi in the 11 thaDd broadest in the lSth. In the 14th these foramina have their upper

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ON TWO 8UBFOSSn. WtiLBS DJlCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 19epening OD the upper si4e of the corpU8, at the outer side of the bale eIa low elevation or tuber there situated, between which two tuber., in thewaidst of the vertxmras upper Me, is a longitudinal narrow and deep fOSIa,iaMead of a forameB spiaale. In the 15ti1., 16th , 17th , 19th and 20th they havetiaeir upper opening in the oorreaponding place, but 00 the three last there iaaD .open channel conaeoting them; a d they have their lower opening situatediD the 8&me plaee as in the foregoing, in a common fOAL The 16th and17th as well as the 19th and 20til. have, when viewed from the fore end,a subquadrangular form, with the corners rounded ott. The 14th and 15*are more decidedly rounded otf at the upper part In all the caudal vertebrae the epiphyael are firmly attached. On the 16th and 16th the last tracesof the articular surfaces for the prooeuus spinoBi inferiores are yet visibles.

Between the 11th and the next of the ditcovered vertebrae there ia10 great dUfel'ence of dimensions, that it is evident, that there hu been.. . 18th vertebra between them, which has not been found, and it .ppeansas if the three extreme caudal vertebrae were 10M; and it 8eem8 thereforeprobable that the caudal vertebrae were in all 23, so that the wltole numberof vertebrae, inoludiag the 1 cervical, the 16 dorsal and the 14lumboeacralvertebrae, was 59 or about 60.

The 19th and 20th caudal vertebrae are ill the middle of the ends,especially on the anterior side, very deeply hollowed.Dimensions of these vertebrae: Length from the 11 .h to the 11 iI.

eaudal vertebra hoda iDcl.sive 3' 3f; breadth of corpus, at anterior end,of tae 11th 1Of; height of d:o lo t .; length. of 0.0 If'. Breadth of corpu,at anterior end, of the 12t.h 10"; height of d:o 10r; length of d:o s.r.Breadth of corpus at anterior end of 13th 9f; height of d:o 10"; length ofd:o 5f'. Breadth of corpus, at anterior 81ld, of the 14th 9"; height of d:o 9";length of d:o 4f'. Breadth of corpus at d:o of the 16*h 7f'; height 01 d:o7f'; length of d:o 3r. Breadth of corpus at d:o of the 16th 4f'; height ofd:o6f'; length of d:o af'. Breadth of corpus at d:o of the 17t.h 5f'; height of d:o6t; length of d:o af'. Breadth of oorpus at d:o of tbe 19t.h 3f'; heiht 01d:o 4:"; length of d:o 2f'. Breadth of corpll8 of the 20th af'; height of4:0 SF; length of d:o 2f'.

Of the processus spinosi inferiores 4 have been found, of which thethree are here represented PI. VI figg. 44, 46 , 46. The largest, fig. ,from the highest point to the lower border is 8 11, and its breadth at thelower part 6f/.

Estimatiag the length of the head from that of the under jaw-bone,aud, the length of tile lost vertebrae from that of those that have been food,

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80 w. LILLJEOOR&,we may approximatively estimate the elltire lengt'h of the skeleton at about46-50 feet.In proportion to the length of the skeleton the ribs are thick andlarge, the length of the longest being about t of the skeletons. This proportion shows that the form of the body was slender and elongated, m ~ t like that of the Physalus .mlBfmlus, in whieh the longest rib is a trifle 1esathan t of the skeletons length, i. e. in the case of an old male (Bergensmuseum); slenderer than that of the Balaenoptwa rostrata., where that lengthin a younger specimen is aboot midway betwen t and t of the skeletons,and in a still greater degree slenderer than that of the AJegaptwa lioops twhere the same length is about t of the skeletons. Its bone-framework ishowever stoot and strong; on which account we have given it the specialnamerobwta. In form the ribs in general agree most with those of the Ph.ysal".musculus, but are comparatively something stouter and broader, and in thatrespect exhibit a tendency towards the form they have in the Balaena, t&which genus they approximate also in the circumstance of the two pairshaving a more strongly developed collum than any other Balaenopterid,and were possibly fastened by their capitula to the corpora vertebrarom. Allhave the lower end tapering, but more or less thin and compressed, andthOle that are foremost are pretty broad just above the tapering point, withtolerably sharp edges. }4yom the number of them that have been found, aswell as from the ordinary normal continuous change, which they showamong themselves, we may with the greatest probability infer, that theirnumber was 15 pairs, of which the first pair only is totally wanting. In altWhalebone Whales the first pair is broadest at the lower end, and &8 thefirst pair of the discovered ribs of this whale has the lower end tapering,we are compelled to assume that these not are ilie first pair in tbe skeleton.As these ribs are very similar to the 2Dd pair of the Physal!ts mtlsculus, weconsider that we are justified in assuming them to be that pair.The 2nd pair of rihs (PI. VI. figg. 47, 48) are distinguished fromthe following by greater breadth in proportion to their length, that breadthbeing especially remarkable a little above the lower end. At that end theyare very thin witb both edges sharp. They are not distinguished by anyparticularly strong curvature at the upper end, but they have there a "capitular process" longer and sharper on the left rib (fig. 47} than "011 theright (fig. 48). .

Of the Bni pair of ribs only the lower portion of the left is iOOud(pI. Vl fig. 49). This fragment in respect to form stanfls between the2nd and 4th pairs, &8 being somewhat n&lTOWer th&n the second pair,

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ON TWO SUBFOSSIL WHALES DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 61u.d broa4er in u.e lower part rather nearer the lower end, than in the4th, as is tbe use alto in a higher degree in the 2nd pair; and as besidelthe next pair, with which it might be confounded, have been found entire,we ooDCeive that we have fnll right to coDsider this fragment as belongingto the 3rd pair.

The 4th pair of ri61 (PI. VI fig. 50, the left) is distinguished byGOuidenble length and grea.tn6l8, especially in the upper part, and more-over by a complete capitulum collum and tuberculum. They are also muchourved at the upper end. Their collom is 7" long. They are the largestof all, though the suoeeeding pair is but little less, and in length surpassesthem. At about the beginning of the upper third of their length they haveon the outer border a very sligbtly marked obtuse angle, between whichand the tuberculum they are very broad. The tuberculum is about 2" bigb,and the collum almost Uianrular in cutting through.The 5th pair rib, is similar tho the last but rather slighter andloDger, S' aloog the outer curve, and has somewhat sborter collum.

The 6th pair of rih, (pI. Vi fig. 51, the left) are slenderer thauthe foregoing and a little looger; also they are broader in the upper partand with a more or less marked angle in the upper edge at that part Tbeyhave also a distinct collum or capUular process, but it is much smaller,and the capitulum is scarcely perceptible Those of this pair are the lon-gest of all the found ribs.

The 7th pair of ri/J, (PI. VI. fig. 52, the left) are slenderer andlOIIlewhat ,shorter than the preceeding, with the upper end concave andonly a slight indication of a capitular process. They have tbe upper thirda little broader, with a acarcely perceptible Dotch or angle in the outerborder.

The Sth pair t( riiB (pI. VI. fig. 53, the left) is somew:b&t leu thaathe foregoing, and is, like those which follow: entirely destitute of capi-tular process. bu. has however the upper eud concave.The 9th fHJir of rih, (PI. VI fig. 54, the left) is almost exactly si-milar to the laat but a little sborter, and has a pair of obtuse angles inthe outer border of the upper part, and the upper end but sli ,ht ly concave.The lOth pair of rW. (PI. VIL fig. 55, the right) is far shorter than

the 9th , and has the upper 6Jld somewhat sqare, with a longitudinal shallowconcavity both on the front and back surfaces in tbat part. I t has also80me b u ~ p 8 , of which ODe Dear to the summit, between the anterior andextelior side, is the largest.

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W. LILLJlBORG,Of the 11th pllir if ri/lI, we posies 08ly a little more tbaa tile lowerhalf of the right rib, and this fragment servea to eMw that this pair hadmuch the same ft)rm as tile 1()tb.1'he 12th ptJi,. of riN (PI. VII. fig. 56, the right) is pretty mwlike the 10th but shorter. Immediately below the upper obt8se point i thas an. outer. an inner, and an anterior longitudinal ridge, and lehind a

little lower down a bump, and lower down on tile posterior border adeep noteh.

The 13th pair of r i i, (PI. vu. fig. 67, the right) has the upper endimmediately under the extremity compressed, with an 00_ and iDBer t o I ~ rably sharp ridge. About the lower end it la moreover something broaderthan the last pair. .

The 14th pat;' of rib. (PI. VII. 'g . 58, the right) is umeh less andslighter but not much shorter, than the last.. The upper end is much com.pressed in the transverse 4lirection, and the hinder border is uneven.

The 15th pair of riN (PI. Vu. fig. 69, the left) is both lesa aMshorter, especially the latter, tban the 14th. I t has an undulating cU"Vature,and the upper extremity is not compressed, but thick, knoo.rmed &Dd oval.Dimensions of the ribs tLength along the outer convex edge 01 the Dad left rib, exclusive 01 capitular. process 5'.

d:o 41:0 from capitulum of the 41h left 7' 7".d:o d:o 41:0 d:o 6th ruo . . 8'.d:o d:o d:o d:o 61h 41:0 8' It".d:o d:o from extremity 01 capitular proee88 of 7th left 7' 6t",d:o d :o , from the UpperlD06t paint *0 8Ia d:o 7' ot".d:o d:o d:o d:o d:o 9tJl 41.0 6' 7 ".Length meuured along the outer convex edge of he 10th right rib 5' lot".41:0 d:o ruo d20 12th dro 51 2t".d:o d:o 41:0 d:o 18th d:o 6'.d:o d:o d:o d:o 14th d:o 4' Sf",11:0 d:o d:o 41:0 15th left '(' 2-1-".Breadth of 2Dd right rib at broadest part, at lower end 4f".41:0 d:o d:o d:o upper . . ,.. 4t",d:o 3th left 41:0 d:o lower. . . . . . . 41-".d:o 4th d:o d:o d:o. . . . . .".d:o d:o d:o d:o t ipper. . . . . . . 5tHd:o 14th right 41:0 d:o lower... 2f".d:o 15th left d:o d:o d:o . . . 2t".

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ON TWO SUBF088IL WHALES DIICOnRED IN SWEDEN. 88The breast-bone (lterRUM) (pI. VD. fig. 60) is much decayed, butseems to have preserved its eharaetleristic form, which also furnishes .. di.atinguishing mark of this Whale. I t is concave at the anterior edge, witha broad obliquely cut winglike projection on both sides of the front, and

nnning out behind into a long round pin or proceu' At the base of thieprojection on either side, obliquely opposite to eachother, is an rough proeess, whioh in all probability served to fasten the cartilage, wich unitedthe 1at rib to the breast-bone. The upper side is concave and the loweraomewhat conveL Its length is 11t", the breadth between the ends of thewinglike projections I' {-".The bladebone (.eapultJ) (pI. VIno fig. 61, 62) is al80 characteristicof this Whale. It is not 80 broad as in other Balaenopteridae, thongh notmuch less than that of the Mtl!Japtera. but broader than that of the Balaenidae, and seems in that respect to stand between the two forms. Its breadthat the upper part is greater than the length from the cavitas glenoidalis toto the upper edge by nearly t of the furmer. I t is hollowed out in themiddle of the outer side. The acromion is broad and large, and theproceu1l8 coracoideus, 'though mueh shorter than the acromion, is yet tolerably long and thick, with the point rounded otf. The cavitas glenoida1is.viewed en face. is almost rhomboldal. 1'he spina scapulae extends upwardagainst to the upper edge, and nearer the acromion its border is far infront of the other edge of the bladebone. The bones length is 2' Bt"; itabreadth 3' Sf". Breadth of collum }'. Acromion 9/1 long, and procesaoscoracoideus at".

71&, 0. humeri (PI. VIU. fig. 68, the left, seen from the outside) islike that of the Balaenopteridae in general, and 80mewhat more elongatedthan that of the Balaenidae, and has a caput subterminale and not 80 obliquely directed as in these last A part of the tuberoulum majus is lost,and that protuberance seems not to have been particularly large. The anterior edge, (I[Jina tulHlrculi majori.). which goes directly down from thetuberculum majus to the lower end, is tolerably sharp, and the corpus ofthe bone has a rather compressed form. Lower down and on the outer sideof the anterior border is a tolerably deep hollow, and on the outer sidenearer the upper end there is a low crista passing obliquely over the middleof the bone. On each side of the a r t i ~ u l a r surface for the upper end ofthe ulna is a ridge or crista and the inner of these is at its back partdivided into two by a sulcus. The two articular surfaces for the radinsad ulna form a very obtuae angle with eachother. The length of the boneill l ' 9i"; its breadth at the upper end llt"; d:o at the lower nt".

Nova Acta Beg. Soc. Se. Ups., Ser. m. VoL VL 5

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w. WLI...JBBOKG,The lower arm-bones (radiu. anti ulfta) (Pl. VID. fig. 64, t ~ e right)are in form not quite so elongated as those bones usually are in Balaenopmw, but in other respects present nothing remarkable, except that the

alna has a very large olecranon, conically pointed at the upper part. Bothhave the anterior edge COUveI and the posterior concave, and the lowereud of the radius reaches below that of the ulna. The rectilinear length ofthe radius is 2' 5t"; that of the ulna between the articular surfaees 2' 2 t ' ~ breadth of radius in the middle 6 ~ " ; d:o pf ulna 4".Of' the carpal-6oftu or bones of the carpus six have been found (PI.VII. figg. 65-70), of which however oue is very small and has only ODesurface complete. As they vere found in the immediate neighbourhood of'theright lower-arm-bones it seems probable that they belong to the right pectoral fin. The same is the case with the four metacarpal bones that havebeen discovered (figg. 71-74), and the four phalanges that have beenfound, and of which the three are here represented (figg. 75-77). ThefR6tacarpal-60nu are comparativt!ly short and thick, and have probablyhad their respective positions from the innermost to the ootermost in theorder indicated by the numerical series, and the nomber of fingers wasaccordingly only 4, as in other Balaenopteridae. Their respective lengthsare: N:o 71 5f"; N:o 72 Sf"; N:o 73 at" and N:o 74 5t". Tlu phtllar&ge6(figg. 75-77). It is lC&I'Cely pouible to assign to these thcir respectivepositions. Besides the 3 here represented a 4th, as we have already inti-mated, has been found. I t is exactly like the largest of' tllese. The lengthof this last is 6t", that of the next in size ", and that of the smallest Of".'rhe two largest are comparatively thicker, and the section through themiddle is oval, but the two smaller ones are more flattened, and from thiswe may conclude that they have been situated farther from the base of thefingers, whereas the larger ones were probably basal-phalanges.We may conclude from the preeeeding description that, among thediscovered bones, the under jaw-bones, the cervical vertebrae, the sternumand scapula are those whick preleBt the diatinguilhing featw-es of tile GeDUS Elclarichtitu t which has been constituted by J. E. GRAY for this Whale.We therefore characterize that genus as follows:

Genus ESCHRICHTIUS, J. E. GRAY.Proceedings of the Zoological Society 1865.MamiUa infwior corHUitUo 6rMuifJlO tu6m:uliformi, " alA-tvdin, maMma ad eottd",,,, po.: ",,,u, .r IM t1Gld. twtwMiI. .AtlaI crcu-

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ON TWO 8UBF088IL WBALE8 DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 16lismn.. prOC,_InI, trClftlWrlU wrtiJlittlr o6lii]w c_prum. _pm..orib.", arcu irajef'ior, AypapopAyli poltil:o YIrtMwCl' ct1UrtJ6 cm1icalu fors-.m, Ipi"ali fw, a'fM' alto GC lato, OM . " prouui6u, trClt'llWrlil ap'"SUmum tmnu latwn. ~ t u t J I . proolllilJtu lateralilJ'UI fftagail. alal{om&N.o6/iqu, truracacu: polll.iu proctlm lmtgo. fAlrtltiumdo, acvminato. ad btuin prtJ-ca,." nOlllar" pro cartiLagin,I parU 1mi COItanem glrent6. Scttpula acromiMet proClllUm coracoidlUfIJ g"6'It,. latitudifUJ lOfIgitudinem 3ta fir' parU aup6f"aRtl.Species unica:

E. ROBUSTUS (LILWEBORG).E telTa in Svecia media in Upplandia etr088U8.In the above cited work on the Cet&cea af Scandinavia!) I have

given a detailed account of the circumstances under which the Whale-boneshere described were fomld: that the field in Gr186, Roslagen, where thebones were dug up, lies 10-15 feet above, and 840 feet distant from thesea; that they lay partly in sand and partly in clay, at a depth of from ito 4 feet; and that with tbem were found shells of the Mytilu, ,dul;" andTellinCl balthica of precisely the same appearance as those now met within the Baltic.J. GRAY states ') that be h&8 received from the shores of the EnglishChannel a pair of cervical vertebrae of this Whale, which had been thrownon shore by the waves at Babbicombe Bay. He has appended a figure ofthe one of them, which presents a close agreement with the above described ,in the form of the corpus and direction of the lateral processes, but,&8 it is destitute of arcus, the identification cannot be considered as absolutely c e ~ i n .

BUNTERIUS SVEDENBORGll, n. Bp.The bones discovered show, that the individual to which they belonged was wery young, but the caput of the bladebone shows neverthelessel'ident signs of the place of junction of an &8 yet cartilaginous pl'ocessus

coracoideus; and partly on this growld, partly on that of the peculiar form------------') Ofversigt af Standinaviens Hvaldjor, Upsala Universitets Arsskrift 1861och 1862; afterwards published by tbe Ray Society 1866 ill English.I) Catalogue of Seals and WIUllea in &be Britiah 1Iueom, pag. 133 aad 318.

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36 w. LILLJEBORG,of the ribs, which, &8 far u ' we are aware, agrees only with that of thepnUB Hufttriu GRAY, we consider that the Whale to which these bones_ve belonged ought to be clueed under that genus. We have unfortun*ly not been able to perfect by personal examination our k n o w l e d ~ ofthe skeleton of the only known species of this genos, Hun.Urim Tem-uainckii, p-:eserved in the great moseum at Leyden, and conaeqnently we knowthe form of its bones only from the description given by Dr FLOWER inthe above-mentioned treatise, and some rapidly made sketches, which DrFLOWER has had the kindness to communicate. Dr FLOWER has indeedonly described the first and second pairs of ribs. both of which are missingfrom among the Swedenborgian Whale's bones, but the 3rd, 4th and 5thare among those found, and the first of these, &8 is well known, differsfrom the 2nd pair only in being somewhat narrower and longer, and bothit and the two following pairs show, allowing for this normal dift'erence, aclose agreement with FLOWER'S description of the second pair, "very thick&Dd broad at the lower "end." We know of no other genos ill the wholegroup of Whalebone Whales whose foremost ribs present so thick a format the lower end. The bladebone of the Swedenborgian Whale differs 10widely in the form and position of the acromion from that of the H"ntenUlTlmminckii. that it ia immediately evident that they belong to dUferent spemea. Moreover the former is distinguished by its unusual thickness, whichhowever may perhaps be aseribed to the oircumstance of its having belonged to a very young individual.

We have in the above mentioned' treatise on the Scandinavian Whaleagiven an account of the circumstances nnder which the bones of the S w ~ denborgiall Whale were found, and shall therefore only recite here, thatthey were in November 1705 dug up at Wanga in West Gothland, 12Sweedish miles (about 80 English miles) from the coast, and 380 feet abovethe level of the sea, and that, little more than a century after, the lateMajor L. GYLLENBAL, when diggiog a spring at the same spot, 00 theestate Hijberg, chanced "at a deep cutting in of a brook" 1) to meet with avertebra of the same skeleton, fitting exactly to the others, and preseDtedit to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm 1823. This latter discovery ia a most useful guide in identifying the spot where the originaldiscovery took place, and where a renewal of thc diggings might lead toresults of the highest interest both to zoological and geological science.

I) Accordiug to kind eommnnieation iD letter from Lee&or N. Eo Fonaell atSbra &be name of the brook is FjUlbroblLokeo.

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ON TWO SUBF08S1L WBALU DISCOVERED IN SWEDEN. 87The entire numMr of the bone-fragments discovered amount. to 51.Of these 12, including the vertebra in the pOI8e&8ion of the Royal Academyof Sciences, are vertebrae apparently all belonging to the caudal region, notconsecutive. but with several gaps between them 1); 16 vertebral epiphy&e8,that have been attached to the ends of these vertebrae, of which epiphyseshowever two do Dot belong to the caudal region, but seem to have beenattached to the lumbosacral vertebrae; the breast-bone, one bladebone, awl22 fragments of ribs. No rib is onbroken, and of the bits it has beenpoI8ible to pllt together only three ribs, one of which is somewhat injuredat the lower end. Moreover 4 bits combine two and two into two fragmentsof ribs. The remainder are separate fragments wbich cannot be put together. The 100S8 vertebral epiphyses, the very porous ends of the ribs, the.thick and very porous upper edge of the bladebone, the blunt and porous

extremities of the vertebral processes, and the comparatively small size ofthe bones, all show that these bones belonged to a very young subject.Nevertheless the arcus of the vertebrae is fully developed, and, as well asdie procesees, firmly attached. The bones are not petrified, but still generally very hard, and some of them pretty heavy, considerably heavier thanthey would have been, especially since they are young and very spongy.i f they had not so long lain in moist earth. On the vertebra, presented byGYLLENHAL to the Royal Ar.ademy of Science, a little of the soil in whichit lay remains still attached. evidently showing that that soil was clay.

The firlt of the ducovered vertebrae (PI. IX. figg. 78-81) seems to haveheeD. either the 1 h or 2 Dd caudal vertebra. There are marks of the articular surfaces for the processus spinosus iuferior both in front and behin

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Lilljeborg-1867-On Two Subfossil Whales Discovered in Sw OCR