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LIN ��� -‐ st homework assignment Due in class on Tuesday, February , ��� .
Please type your answers with double spacing, use single-‐sided printing, and staple multiple pages together. Important! In all of the written homework for this course, you should provide carefully glossed examples to illustrate your analyses. Linguists have a set of conventions for glossing linguistic examples; these are the Leipzig glossing rules, a summary of which has been posted on the course website. You should be sure to follow these rules. For each example, use three lines, as in (A).
(A) kı damja-‐ga hæŋbokha-‐da. that man-‐SBJ happy-‐DECL ‘That man is happy.’
In the top line, put the Korean sentence in transcription. (Transcriptions may be phonetic or phonemic; try to be consistent.)
In the second line, give a separate gloss for each word in the first line; each word and its gloss should be aligned. (If you’re using MicroSoft Word, one way of doing this alignment is to use the table function with gridlines hidden; that’s what I’ve done in (A).) If a word in the first line has a hyphen separating a stem from an affix (e.g. damja-‐ga), you should also use a hyphen in the second line to separate the stem’s gloss from the affix’s gloss: man-‐SBJ. (This means that damja-‐ga has a noun stem damja-‐ meaning ‘man’ and a suffixal subject-‐marker -‐ga.) If a morphologically complex expression is left unhyphenated in the first line, its lexical and grammatical content should be separated with periods rather than hyphens on the second line; thus, if damjaga appeared on the first line, it would be glossed as man.SBJ. Use lower-‐case letters for lexical content (e.g. that, man, happy) but SMALL CAPS for grammatical content (e.g. SBJ, DECL). Many conventional abbreviations (e.g. SBJ for ‘subject’, DECL for ‘declarative’) are listed in the Leipzig glossing rules on the website.
In the third line, give the full English translation of the example.
A. Two questions for everyone . In Korean, adjectives can be used PREDICATIVELY (as in ‘I am tired’) or ATTRIBUTIVELY (as in ‘a tired woman’). Write two paragraphs, the first explaining the characteristics of predicative adjective constructions in Korean and the second explaining the characteristics of attributive adjective constructions. In your explanation, you may find it helpful to compare Korean adjective constructions to their English counterparts. In doing so, think about differences in (a) word order, in (b) the morphological marking of the adjective and/or the noun that it modifies, and in (c) the need for any accompanying words in either construction. Cite examples according to the glossing conventions described above.
. Write one to three paragraphs in which you explain how POSSESSION is expressed in a Korean noun phrase. In your answer, you should discuss two kinds of noun phrases: (a) those in which the possessor is expressed by a proper name, e.g. ‘Ji-‐young’s friend’; and (b) those in which the possessor is interpreted as a personal pronoun, e.g. ‘her friend’. Cite examples of both types, and for type (b), cite examples for every sort of singular or plural pronominal possessor (‘my’, ‘our’, ‘your (sg.)’, ‘your (pl.)’, etc.). In the examples you cite, always adhere to the glossing conventions described above. Is there more than one way of expressing possession in either type (a) or type (b)? If so, describe each way as precisely as possible, using glossed examples and, if necessary, a table. Are there any similarities between attributive adjective constructions in question � and the possessive constructions described here? If a noun phrase contains both a possessor and an attributive adjective, how are they organized syntactically?
General advice: If you aren’t certain about some aspect of your analysis, don’t hesitate to say so; often, the available data may be open to more than one interpretation.
B. Extra question for graduate students . Write a paragraph in which you give a detailed account of the morphology and syntax of the Korean sentence meaning ‘Ji-‐young is my young sister’s new friend.’ Your account should include both a tree diagram showing the sentence’s syntactic structure and a detailed gloss of the sentence’s parts (in accordance with the glossing conventions described above).