Line capacity estimation, timetabling and other applications of simulation and optimization tools for railway operations planning Narayan Rangaraj Sudhir

Line capacity estimation, Line capacity estimation, timetabling and other applications timetabling and other applications

of simulation and optimization of simulation and optimization tools for railway operations tools for railway operations

planningplanning

Narayan RangarajNarayan Rangaraj

Sudhir SinhaSudhir Sinha Seema RamtekeSeema RamtekeIndustrial Engineering and Operations ResearchIndustrial Engineering and Operations Research

IIT BombayIIT Bombay

Overview of planningOverview of planning

Strategic problemsStrategic problems Capacity planning (infrastructure)Capacity planning (infrastructure)

Tactical problemsTactical problems TimetablingTimetabling Fleet planningFleet planning Crew schedulingCrew scheduling

Operational problemsOperational problems Train controlTrain control Dynamic schedulingDynamic scheduling Dynamic pricing (revenue management)Dynamic pricing (revenue management)

Strategic decisions (railways)Strategic decisions (railways)

Current railway framework Current railway framework LRDSS (Railway Board), Railplan (MRVN), etc.LRDSS (Railway Board), Railplan (MRVN), etc.

Our workOur work Definition of capacity on railway sectionDefinition of capacity on railway section Capturing congestion effects and broad Capturing congestion effects and broad

scheduling strategiesscheduling strategies Medium term capacity investments in signallingMedium term capacity investments in signalling Trade off between throughput (number of trains) Trade off between throughput (number of trains)

handled and transit time (average)handled and transit time (average)

Strategic decisions (railways)Strategic decisions (railways)

Robust capacity: capacity in the presence of Robust capacity: capacity in the presence of failurefailure Signaling failures modeled and impact on train Signaling failures modeled and impact on train

running quantifiedrunning quantified

Simulation used as a tool for analysisSimulation used as a tool for analysis Line capacity studies done in Secunderabad-Kazipet Line capacity studies done in Secunderabad-Kazipet

section as part of tool development for IRISET, section as part of tool development for IRISET, SecunderabadSecunderabad

Virar-Dahanu Road section as a test section for Virar-Dahanu Road section as a test section for automatic signaling on main line sectionsautomatic signaling on main line sections

Extensive studies on Central Railway main line and Extensive studies on Central Railway main line and harbour line sections on the suburban network in harbour line sections on the suburban network in MumbaiMumbai

Railways (capacity analysis)Railways (capacity analysis)

Simulation for line capacity analysisSimulation for line capacity analysis Reliability vs. capacityReliability vs. capacity

Studies on the suburban network for a given Studies on the suburban network for a given corridor corridor

Quantify the trade-off between achievable Quantify the trade-off between achievable headway and service measures (such as headway and service measures (such as punctuality and average delays suffered by punctuality and average delays suffered by trains) under a given pattern of failuretrains) under a given pattern of failure

Railways (capacity analysis)Railways (capacity analysis)

Terminal capacityTerminal capacity Capability of handling trains at terminalsCapability of handling trains at terminals Routing possibilitiesRouting possibilities Look-ahead period and a routing algorithm applied Look-ahead period and a routing algorithm applied

on an appropriate time-space networkon an appropriate time-space network Representation of network from primitive structures Representation of network from primitive structures

identifiedidentifiedIn the suburban case, trade off established between In the suburban case, trade off established between achievable headway and turnaround time at platforms (e.g. achievable headway and turnaround time at platforms (e.g. in Mumbai CST station, shown that a headway of 3 minutes in Mumbai CST station, shown that a headway of 3 minutes achievable for an identified stream of trains, provided that achievable for an identified stream of trains, provided that the turnaround time was less than about 4 mins and 20 secsthe turnaround time was less than about 4 mins and 20 secs..

Tactical decisions (Railways) Tactical decisions (Railways)

TimetablingTimetabling Master chart preparation tool for railway planningMaster chart preparation tool for railway planning

Java based graphical tool with cyclical schedule generationJava based graphical tool with cyclical schedule generation Mini-scheduler for conflict checking and minor Mini-scheduler for conflict checking and minor

timetabling changestimetabling changesJava based tool with interface-based verification of conflicts Java based tool with interface-based verification of conflicts and suggesting first feasible times for activities. Simple and suggesting first feasible times for activities. Simple algorithms for backward scheduling and combined constraint algorithms for backward scheduling and combined constraint satisfaction satisfaction

Scheduler for full-scale timetablingScheduler for full-scale timetablingBased on constraint satisfaction tool CHIPBased on constraint satisfaction tool CHIPCapable of full-scale timetable generationCapable of full-scale timetable generation

Tactical decisions (Railways)Tactical decisions (Railways)

Rake linkingRake linking Long distance trains Long distance trains

Coaching stock utilisation (integrated with Coaching stock utilisation (integrated with maintenance schedules at terminals)maintenance schedules at terminals)

Timetables as an inputTimetables as an input Suburban trains Suburban trains

Integrated with timetablesIntegrated with timetables

Maintenance schedules as an inputMaintenance schedules as an input


Long distance rake linkingLong distance rake linking DSS which allows views of a common database DSS which allows views of a common database

ofof1.1. Timetable - origin/destination and timings Timetable - origin/destination and timings 2.2. Terminal maintenance line charts (pit lines and washing Terminal maintenance line charts (pit lines and washing

lines - also considering constraints on line length and lines - also considering constraints on line length and time for maintenance)time for maintenance)

3.3. Rake link table (constraints on length of run between Rake link table (constraints on length of run between two maintenance points and rake compatibility)two maintenance points and rake compatibility)

Typical patterns of rake linking (self linking, Typical patterns of rake linking (self linking, interchange of day trains)interchange of day trains)

Trains introduced to take advantage of rake link Trains introduced to take advantage of rake link possibilitiespossibilities

Terminals changed to accommodate rake linksTerminals changed to accommodate rake links


Suburban services rake linkingSuburban services rake linking Rake linking of timetabled suburban services is a single/ Rake linking of timetabled suburban services is a single/

multi-commodity flow problemmulti-commodity flow problem Model helps in Model helps in

1.1. finding minimum number of rakes for a given finding minimum number of rakes for a given schedule (big improvement NOT expected, as schedule (big improvement NOT expected, as timetables are generated with rake links in timetables are generated with rake links in mind) mind)

2.2. capturing extent of empty running capturing extent of empty running 3.3. generate/suggest changes in operating generate/suggest changes in operating

parameters (e.g. turnaround times for a few parameters (e.g. turnaround times for a few services) so that a rake can be savedservices) so that a rake can be saved

Open problem : multi-commodity problem (e.g. 9 car/12 car Open problem : multi-commodity problem (e.g. 9 car/12 car rakes, DC rakes/AC-DC rakes)rakes, DC rakes/AC-DC rakes)

Other tactical decisionsOther tactical decisions

Railways: Crew schedulingRailways: Crew scheduling Initial system being developedInitial system being developed

Bus system (urban): Depot allocationBus system (urban): Depot allocation Variants of the transportation problem in network flowsVariants of the transportation problem in network flows

Bus system (urban): Crew schedulingBus system (urban): Crew scheduling Multi-stage heuristics Multi-stage heuristics

1.1. (e.g. HASTUS) LP for the aggregate problem, (e.g. HASTUS) LP for the aggregate problem, 2.2. Variant of shortest path for individual work-piece definition Variant of shortest path for individual work-piece definition

from a vehicle-route from a vehicle-route 3.3. (non-bipartite) matching for creation of work days(non-bipartite) matching for creation of work days

Column generationColumn generation

Marketing and Pricing modelsMarketing and Pricing models

RailwaysRailways Network based models for pricing (based Network based models for pricing (based

on second shortest distance)on second shortest distance) Marketing and service planning (Konkan Marketing and service planning (Konkan

Railways)Railways)

Containers/TruckingContainers/Trucking Fleet utilization and locational imbalance Fleet utilization and locational imbalance

based pricing modelbased pricing model

Other studiesOther studies

Supply chain view of transport operationsSupply chain view of transport operations

Freight supply chains on Indian RailwaysFreight supply chains on Indian Railways

Containerised movement of import export Containerised movement of import export commodities to and from Jawaharlal Nehru commodities to and from Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust to the hinterlandPort Trust to the hinterland

Summary of approachesSummary of approaches

Large set of problems amenable to Large set of problems amenable to analysisanalysis

Modeling and delimiting the scope of the Modeling and delimiting the scope of the model calls for a lot of effort and model calls for a lot of effort and interaction with usersinteraction with users

Major O.R. techniques used were Major O.R. techniques used were Simulation, Network Flow models and Simulation, Network Flow models and Linear Programming, in many variantsLinear Programming, in many variants

Three examplesThree examples

Simulation studies on line capacity, including Simulation studies on line capacity, including an analysis of signal failuresan analysis of signal failures

A master-chart preparation tool with a schedulA master-chart preparation tool with a scheduling option ing option

Rake linking for suburban servicesRake linking for suburban services

Faculty/professional associatesFaculty/professional associates

Marketing applications/network based Marketing applications/network based pricing/Inland water transport - pricing/Inland water transport - G. RaghuramG. RaghuramSimulation based tools - Simulation based tools - A.Ranade and K. A.Ranade and K. MoudgalyaMoudgalyaRobust capacity – Robust capacity – N. HemachandraN. HemachandraSuburban rake linking, suburban timetabling, Suburban rake linking, suburban timetabling, network operations and pricing - network operations and pricing - M. SohoniM. SohoniContainerization - Containerization - N. ViswanadhamN. ViswanadhamRailway operations – Railway operations – A. K. Srivastava and A. K. Srivastava and Vasudeva KamathVasudeva Kamath

Students and research associatesStudents and research associates

Ashok KumarAshok KumarB. N. VishnuB. N. VishnuJugal GargJugal GargKapil GoswamiKapil GoswamiK. ChandrashekarK. ChandrashekarMitali JohriMitali JohriPrashant PuniyaPrashant PuniyaRavindra GokhaleRavindra GokhaleRajesh NaikRajesh NaikSadanand Kandalkar Sadanand Kandalkar Jai MrugJai MrugDeepansh Malik Deepansh Malik

Sudhir SinhaSudhir SinhaVaishali MoharirVaishali MoharirMahesh ShenoyMahesh ShenoyB.C.S.KrishnamohanB.C.S.KrishnamohanJ. R. SureshJ. R. SureshHrishikesh KarmarkarHrishikesh KarmarkarS. ChandranS. ChandranPriya MahadevanPriya MahadevanV. AneeshV. AneeshSeema RamtekeSeema RamtekeAmit AroraAmit AroraManish GargManish Garg

Publications and conference presentations in this areaPublications and conference presentations in this area

N. Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Dynamic operational policies for the Bombay N. Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Dynamic operational policies for the Bombay suburban rail transportation system", Journal of Transport Management, vol20, no suburban rail transportation system", Journal of Transport Management, vol20, no 2, 19962, 1996

N. Rangaraj and J. R. Suresh, "Decision support for crew scheduling in urban N. Rangaraj and J. R. Suresh, "Decision support for crew scheduling in urban transport", Journal of Transport Management, vol 18, no 3, March 1994transport", Journal of Transport Management, vol 18, no 3, March 1994

N. Rangaraj, G. Raghuram and M. V. Kamath, "Are passengers on Indian Railways N. Rangaraj, G. Raghuram and M. V. Kamath, "Are passengers on Indian Railways paying their way? Parts I and II", Railway Fare and Freight Committee (Seminars paying their way? Parts I and II", Railway Fare and Freight Committee (Seminars and studies), Ministry of Railways, Govt of India,1993and studies), Ministry of Railways, Govt of India,1993

Vishnu Narayanan and Narayan Rangaraj, "A network-based representation of track Vishnu Narayanan and Narayan Rangaraj, "A network-based representation of track layouts in railway stations", submitted to Transportation Research, Series Blayouts in railway stations", submitted to Transportation Research, Series B

Narayan Rangaraj, Milind Sohoni, Prashant Puniya and Jugal Garg ,"Rake Linking Narayan Rangaraj, Milind Sohoni, Prashant Puniya and Jugal Garg ,"Rake Linking for Suburban Train Services", submitted to Opsearchfor Suburban Train Services", submitted to Opsearch

Narayan Rangaraj, "An analysis of cyclic timetables for suburban railway services", Narayan Rangaraj, "An analysis of cyclic timetables for suburban railway services", submitted to Abhivyaktisubmitted to Abhivyakti


N.Rangaraj, A.Ranade, Moudgalya, C.Konda, M.Johri and R.Naik "Simulator for Line N.Rangaraj, A.Ranade, Moudgalya, C.Konda, M.Johri and R.Naik "Simulator for Line Capacity Planning" Sixth Asia Pacific Operations Research Society, Delhi, December Capacity Planning" Sixth Asia Pacific Operations Research Society, Delhi, December 20032003

N. Rangaraj and N. Viswanadham, "An example of a supply chain involving N. Rangaraj and N. Viswanadham, "An example of a supply chain involving multimodal containerised transport", National Conference on Transportation multimodal containerised transport", National Conference on Transportation Systems, Delhi, 2002Systems, Delhi, 2002

N. Rangaraj and A. K. Srivastava, "Some IT imperatives for Indian Railways in a N. Rangaraj and A. K. Srivastava, "Some IT imperatives for Indian Railways in a supply chain management environment", National Connectivity Vision: Surface supply chain management environment", National Connectivity Vision: Surface Transportation and Communication, Indian National Academy of Engineering, Transportation and Communication, Indian National Academy of Engineering, Hyderabad, 2001Hyderabad, 2001

N. Rangaraj and A. K. Srivastava, "Network capacity planning and operational N. Rangaraj and A. K. Srivastava, "Network capacity planning and operational control in Indian Railways", National Connectivity Vision: Surface Transportation control in Indian Railways", National Connectivity Vision: Surface Transportation and Communication, Indian National Academy of Engineering, Hyderabad, 2001and Communication, Indian National Academy of Engineering, Hyderabad, 2001

G. Raghuram, N.Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Network based pricing for passenger G. Raghuram, N.Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Network based pricing for passenger services on Indian Railways", Refereed Proceedings of the National Conference on services on Indian Railways", Refereed Proceedings of the National Conference on Transportation Systems and Studies, and Railway Fare and Freight Committee Transportation Systems and Studies, and Railway Fare and Freight Committee (Seminars and studies), Ministry of Railways, Govt of India, 1993(Seminars and studies), Ministry of Railways, Govt of India, 1993


N. Rangaraj,"Quantitative models for capacity planning in transport systems, ORSI Annual N. Rangaraj,"Quantitative models for capacity planning in transport systems, ORSI Annual Convention, Ahmedabad, 2000Convention, Ahmedabad, 2000

N. Rangaraj, M. Shenoy and M. V. Kamath, "Application of Constraint Logic Programming to N. Rangaraj, M. Shenoy and M. V. Kamath, "Application of Constraint Logic Programming to Commuter Train Timetabling", presented at the Australian Workshop on Constraints, held in Commuter Train Timetabling", presented at the Australian Workshop on Constraints, held in conjunction with the Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Griffith University, conjunction with the Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Griffith University, Brisbane,Australia, 1998Brisbane,Australia, 1998

N. Rangaraj, "Timetabling strategies for suburban railway operations", at IT Tracks for IR N. Rangaraj, "Timetabling strategies for suburban railway operations", at IT Tracks for IR (seminar organised jointly by IIT Bombay and Tata Unisys Ltd), April 1996(seminar organised jointly by IIT Bombay and Tata Unisys Ltd), April 1996

N. Rangaraj and B. C. S. Krishnamohan, A systematic and quantitative view of capacity N. Rangaraj and B. C. S. Krishnamohan, A systematic and quantitative view of capacity estimation and enhancement of the Indian Railway network", ORSI Annual Convention, estimation and enhancement of the Indian Railway network", ORSI Annual Convention, Bhubhaneswar, 1993Bhubhaneswar, 1993

N. Rangaraj and J. R. Suresh, "Crew Scheduling for urban bus operations", ORSI Annual N. Rangaraj and J. R. Suresh, "Crew Scheduling for urban bus operations", ORSI Annual Convention, Ahmedabad, 1992Convention, Ahmedabad, 1992

Narayan Rangaraj , "An analysis of Operations, Mode Choice, Pricing and Network Economics Narayan Rangaraj , "An analysis of Operations, Mode Choice, Pricing and Network Economics of Container Movement", International Workshop on IT-Enabled Manufacturing, Logistics and of Container Movement", International Workshop on IT-Enabled Manufacturing, Logistics and Supply Chain Management held in Bangalore during December 15-16, 2003Supply Chain Management held in Bangalore during December 15-16, 2003


N. Rangaraj and B. N. Vishnu, "Node capacity and terminal management on N. Rangaraj and B. N. Vishnu, "Node capacity and terminal management on Indian Railways", Vision 2025, Railway Staff College, Vadodara, 2002Indian Railways", Vision 2025, Railway Staff College, Vadodara, 2002

N. Rangaraj and M. Sohoni,"Meeting transport demands on a network: costs of N. Rangaraj and M. Sohoni,"Meeting transport demands on a network: costs of loaded and empty movements and of waiting", Industrial Engineering and loaded and empty movements and of waiting", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay (2001), also technical report at The Logistics Operations Research, IIT Bombay (2001), also technical report at The Logistics Institute - Asia Pacific, National University of SingaporeInstitute - Asia Pacific, National University of Singapore

N. Rangaraj and N.Viswanadham, "Multimodal containerised transport for export N. Rangaraj and N.Viswanadham, "Multimodal containerised transport for export and import through Western India - a supply chain perspective", Industrial and import through Western India - a supply chain perspective", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 2001, also technical report at Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 2001, also technical report at The Logistics Institute - Asia Pacific, National University of SingaporeThe Logistics Institute - Asia Pacific, National University of Singapore

N. Rangaraj,"A note on section scheduling", Industrial Engineering and N. Rangaraj,"A note on section scheduling", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 1997Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 1997

N. Rangaraj and J. Mrug, "A decision support system for rake linking and related N. Rangaraj and J. Mrug, "A decision support system for rake linking and related operational decisions", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT operational decisions", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 1997Bombay, 1997


N. Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Demand-sensitive schedule generation for an N. Rangaraj and M. V. Kamath, "Demand-sensitive schedule generation for an urban mass transportation system", Industrial Engineering and Operations urban mass transportation system", Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, IIT Bombay, 1995Research, IIT Bombay, 1995

Konkan Railway Corporation Limited [with B. Banerjee and G. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited [with B. Banerjee and G. Raghuram],Vikalpa v. 25, no. 1 (2000).Raghuram],Vikalpa v. 25, no. 1 (2000).

Narayan Rangaraj, Sudhir Sinha, Ravindra Gokhale and Sadanand Kandalkar, Narayan Rangaraj, Sudhir Sinha, Ravindra Gokhale and Sadanand Kandalkar, Capacity Enhancement of the Mumbai Suburban Railway System through Capacity Enhancement of the Mumbai Suburban Railway System through Signaling Improvements: A Simulation Based Approach, Manuscript in Signaling Improvements: A Simulation Based Approach, Manuscript in preparationpreparation

Ravindra Gokhale, Narayan Rangaraj and N. Hemachandra, Railway Line Ravindra Gokhale, Narayan Rangaraj and N. Hemachandra, Railway Line Capacity Evaluation under Influence of Signal Failures, using a Simulation Capacity Evaluation under Influence of Signal Failures, using a Simulation Based Approach, Manuscript in preparationBased Approach, Manuscript in preparation

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Line capacity estimation, timetabling and other applications of simulation and optimization tools for railway operations planning Narayan Rangaraj Sudhir