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Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1 Roslyn Burns Format Morphology Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology Roslyn C. Burns University of California Berkeley Fall Semester 2012 Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

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Page 1: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Linguistics 5Midterm Review 1

Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology

Roslyn C. Burns

University of California Berkeley

Fall Semester 2012

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 2: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Format of the Midterm

Short Answer and Data Analysis

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 3: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Terms

Morphology is the study of forms

Basic Morphology Terms

Morpheme:

A minimal meaning bearing unit

Word:

A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit

Lexeme:

An abstract entry in the mental lexicon

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 4: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Terms

Morphology is the study of forms

Basic Morphology Terms

Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit

Word:

A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit

Lexeme:

An abstract entry in the mental lexicon

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 5: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Terms

Morphology is the study of forms

Basic Morphology Terms

Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit

Word: A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit

Lexeme:

An abstract entry in the mental lexicon

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 6: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Terms

Morphology is the study of forms

Basic Morphology Terms

Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit

Word: A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit

Lexeme: An abstract entry in the mental lexicon

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 7: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Conceptual Questions

Root Affix

Lexical cat un-

Grammatical the -ed

• Canonically, roots are lexical

• Canonically, affixes are functional

Do the terms “free” and “bound” morpheme correspond to anyof these terms?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 8: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Conceptual Questions

Root Affix

Lexical cat un-

Grammatical the -ed

• Canonically, roots are lexical

• Canonically, affixes are functional

Do the terms “free” and “bound” morpheme correspond to anyof these terms?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 9: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Morphology Analysis

Morphological Hierarchy

Word trees are hierarchical representations of affix orderingthat tell us which affixes attach first.

1 Split up the word into morphemes

2 Identify the word classes associated with the morphemes

3 Link the tree

4 Provide examples

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 10: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Structure This!

ANTIDISESTABLISHMENT

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 11: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Structure This!

ADJ

ANTI- N

V

DIS- ESTABLISH

-MENT

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 12: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

What are the major features of vowels?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 13: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)

Place: Front to Back

Manner: Top to Bottom

What are the major features of vowels?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 14: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)

Place: Front to Back

Manner: Top to Bottom

What are the major features of vowels?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 15: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)

Place: Front to Back

Manner: Top to Bottom

What are the major features of vowels?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 16: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

What are the major features of vowels?

Height: Top to Bottom

Frontness: Front to back

Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 17: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

What are the major features of vowels?

Height: Top to Bottom

Frontness: Front to back

Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 18: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

The International Phonetic Alphabet

What are the major features of consonants?

What are the major features of vowels?

Height: Top to Bottom

Frontness: Front to back

Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 19: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Natural Classes

Natural Classes

This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent

[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative

[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 20: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Natural Classes

Natural Classes

This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent

[x], [f], [t], [y]

fricative

[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 21: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Natural Classes

Natural Classes

This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent

[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative

[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 22: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Natural Classes

Natural Classes

This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent

[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative

[s], [r], [R], [d]

voiced

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 23: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Natural Classes

Natural Classes

This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent

[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative

[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 24: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetic Analysis

igoUtIst. eI pô"sn"

2v loU teIst moô IntSô@stId In hImsElf DIn In mi

EGOTIST: A person of low taste, more interested in himselfthan in me

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 25: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetic Analysis

igoUtIst. eI pô"sn"

2v loU teIst moô IntSô@stId In hImsElf DIn In mi

EGOTIST: A person of low taste, more interested in himselfthan in me

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 26: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?

Phonetics:

Phonology:

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 27: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?

Phonetics: the study of physical sounds.

Phonology:

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 28: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?

Phonetics: the study of physical sounds.

Phonology: the study of the mental organizationof physical sounds particular to a given language.

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 29: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

Reality of Phonology

It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.

IPA English

[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’

Conceptual Understanding

What does this data set show an example of?

MinimalPairs

Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 30: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

Reality of Phonology

It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.

IPA English

[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’

Conceptual Understanding

What does this data set show an example of?

MinimalPairs

Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 31: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

Reality of Phonology

It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.

IPA English

[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’

Conceptual Understanding

What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs

Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 32: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

Reality of Phonology

It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.

IPA English Phoneme

[ta] ‘more’ /t/[tha] ‘location’ /th/[t¨a] ‘floating’ /t

¨/

Conceptual Understanding

What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs

Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 33: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology vs Phonetics

Reality of Phonology

It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.

IPA English Phoneme

[ta] ‘more’ /t/[tha] ‘location’ /th/[t¨a] ‘floating’ /t

¨/

Conceptual Understanding

What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs

Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 34: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Conceptual Questions

What is the difference between

Contrastive Distribution

Complementary Distribution

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 35: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Conceptual Questions

What is the difference between

Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.

Complementary Distribution

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 36: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Conceptual Questions

What is the difference between

Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.

Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 37: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Conceptual Questions

What is the difference between

Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.

Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.

Minimal pairs are the strongest evidence of contrastivedistribution, but are not the only evidence.

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 38: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Conceptual Questions

What is the difference between

Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.

Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.

Complementary disrtibution is not immedidate confirmationof allophony.

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 39: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Castillian Spanish Data Set

Look at [r] and [R]

Spanish IPA English

rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 40: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Castillian Spanish Data Set

Look at [r] and [R]

Spanish IPA English

rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 41: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Castillian Spanish Data Set

Look at [r] and [R]

Spanish IPA English

rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 42: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Writing Phonological Rules

Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of

Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /

Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 43: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Writing Phonological Rules

Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of

Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /

Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1

Page 44: Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1linguisticking.com/Ling5Midterm.pdf · Concepts Analysis Phonetics Concepts Analysis Phonology Concepts Analysis Linguistics 5 Midterm Review 1 Phonetics,

Linguistics 5MidtermReview1

Roslyn Burns

Format

Morphology

Concepts

Analysis

Phonetics

Concepts

Analysis

Phonology

Concepts

Analysis

Writing Phonological Rules

Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of

Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /

Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #

Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1