International Conference on

Clean Energy for the World's Electricity GridsNovember 20-22, 2017, Geneva, Switzerland

LINK – technology for a complete Smart Grid solution

Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

1

The penetration of the new forms of energy, wind and photovoltaic, in form

of small decentralized plants and slow storage development is challenging:

Problem statement

2

- the power system operation in transmission and distribution level

- the cyber attack risk on power grids is increasing drastically

- the data privacy is being seriously undermined

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

Source: IEEE-PES Task Force on Microgrid Control, “Trends in Microgrid Control”, IEEE Transactions on smart grid, Vol. 5, No. 4, July 2014

…“The adoption of microgrids as the paradigm for the massive integration of

distributed generation will allow technical problems to be solved in a

decentralized fashion, reducing the need for an extremely ramified and complex

central coordination and facilitating the realization of the Smart Grid.”…

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

sufficiently broad to properly characterize the variety of the smart grid

operation?

3

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,

Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

. . . Each time we get into this logjam of too much

trouble, too many problems, it is because the methods,

that we are using are just like the ones we have used

before. The next scheme, the new discovery, is going to

be made in a completely different way. So, history does

not help us much.

Source: RP. Feynman, “The character of physical law”, New York: Modern Library, 1994: p. 158.. Source: Google

Virtual Power Plants Microgids

Are these concepts

___________________________

&

Popular concepts in Smart Grids

4

Source: AA. Ilo (2017) "Demand Response Process in Context of the Unified LINK-Based Architecture". In: Bessède JL. (eds) Eco-design in Electrical Engineering. ED2E

2017. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 440. Springer, Cham.

Complete Smart Grid solution

The complete Smart Grid solution is an answer seeking to solve the

Smart Grid problems as a whole. It should guarantee a stable, reliable

and cost-effective operation of a more environmentally-friendly

smart power system. It should also have the ability to ride through

the transition phase and further on without causing any problems.

“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm

Hardware

Automation

Communication

Electrical applianceControl schema Interface

LINK - Paradigm

A technical system consists of

three major elements:

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,

Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.5

“Electrical chain link” or

“LINK” – The Smart Grid Paradigm

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,

Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125. 6

LINK - paradigm is defined as a set of one or more electrical appliances –

i.e. a grid part, a storage or a producer device -, the controlling scheme and

the interface .

Definition

Prosumer is a natural or legal person being owner of small electricity or/and storage facilities

which are connected with each other through its own grid. He is connected to the power grid,

but the produced electricity is mainly used to supply his own load. He is selling his electric

energy surplus, and buying electric energy for own use.

Consumers are treated as a special case of prosumers and defined as follows.

Definition

Consumer is a natural or legal person buying electric energy for own use. He is connected to the

power grid through its own grid.

Main components of traditional power systems

7

Grid Consumers Power plants

Storage

Grid

Storage

Prosumers

Main components of smart power systems

LINK - Paradigm

Architecture Elements

Architecture main elements

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,

Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125. 8

ProducerPrimary control

Interface

Producer - Link

˜

Set

point

EPO

Primary control

Interface

Storage-Link

StSet

point

Storage

StO

Grid Secondary control

Interface

Grid - Link

TSO

(HVGO) DSO

(MVGO+LVGO)

Control schema

Interface

Electrical appliance

Major architecture components:the Grid-Link

The Grid-Link is defined as a composition of a grid part, called Link_Grid, with the corresponding

Secondary-Control and the Link_Interfaces.

- The Link-Grid size is variable and is defined from the area, where the Link_Secondary-Control is set up.

- The Link-Grid refers to electrical equipment like lines/cables, transformers and reactive power devices, which are

connected directly to each other by forming an electrical unity.

BLiN Tr A

BSN ˜

BLoN

BLiN

BPN

BLoN BLiN BLiN

BLiN

St

Secondary

controlSet point

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”,

Electric Power Systems Research - Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

Operation / Study Link (i)Grid-Link

9

Power system overview based on the “Energy

Supply Chain Net” model: horizontal und vertical axis

Source: A. Ilo “The Energy Supply Chain Net”, Energy and Power Engineering, Volume 5 (5), July 2013.

Per definition the “Energy Supply Chain

Net” is a set of automated power grids,

intended for “Chain Links” or “Links”,

which fit into one an - other to establish a

flexible and reliable electrical connection.

Each individual “Link” or a “Link”-bundle

operates autonomously and have

contractual arrangements with other

relevant boundary “Links”, “Link”-bundles,

and suppliers which inject directly to their

own grid. Each “Link” or “Link”-bundle is

communicatively coupled with the other

relevant “Links” or “Link”-bundle’s via the

usual communication instruments

10

Holistic model of the electrical industry

Harmonisation of power grid physics and market rules

The “Energy Supply Chain Net” model Holistic market model

11Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions

and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.

12

Customer Plant

Unified, distributed LINK-based operational architecture

of smart power systems and electricity market

Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions

and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.

13Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions

and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.

Technical-functional architecture of smart

power systems

14

MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and

operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,

Salzburg, Austria

BLiN

˜

MVG

30.0 kV

Secondary

control

˜

˜ ˜

Q Q

U

Q Q

cosf=const

Neighbor LV-Grid-LinkNeighbor LV-Grid-Link

Neighbor HV-Grid-Link

Operation / Study MV-Grid-Link

Lungau

Neighbor LV-Grid-Link

cos(f)=const.

Reactive power and voltage control

15

MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and

operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,

Salzburg, Austria

Reactive power and voltage control

16

MV-Grid-Link and Producer-Link, realized and

operated in the framework of ZUQDE project,

Salzburg, Austria

Voltage and load reduction potential

Time Loading case

Supplying

transformer

loading

[MW]

Voltage

reduction

[%]

Load

reduction

[%]

Day 1: 15:38 avarage 16,7 4,33 6,53

Day 1: 16:00 avarage 17,0 4,67 7,06

Day 2: 21:37 minimal 9,7 4,33 4,67

Day 2: 22:13 night current 12,8 4,33 6,57

Energy saving potential

From literature* "… 1% reduction in

voltage results in an avarage 0,4 - 1%

reduction in energy consumption ..."

Expected: circa 2% energy saving

*Measuring the efficency of voltage reduction at

Hydro-Québec distribution, IEEE 2008

on off

Source: A. Ilo, W. Schaffer, T. Rieder, I. Dzafic, Dynamische Optimierung der Verteilnetze: Closed Loop Betriebergebnisse, VDE

Kongress, Stuttgart, Germany, Nov. 2012..

17

Demand response process:

line overload on high voltage grid

Costumer

-LinkCostumer

-Link

HV_LinkOne line is

overloaded.

It is required 2% and

6% demand

reduction in points AH

and BH respectively

AH

BH

MV_Link_12% demand reduction

can be reached by using

CVR. No other actions

are necessary

MV_Link_2Only 5.4% demand

reduction can be reached

by using CVR. Other

actions are necessary

LV_Link_20.2 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other

actions are necessary

A2M

B2M

Customer-Link0.4 % demand reduction

by switching off cooling

system. No other actions

are necessary

A1L

-0.01%

new set point

approved

set point

Customer

-LinkA2L

Customer

-Link

LV_Link_10.4 % demand reduction

can not be realised

within the link. Other

actions are necessary

Customer

-Link

LV_Link

HVSO

MVSO_A LVSO-A

LVSO-B

B2L

HMU-123

HMU-945

HMU-1001

Source: A. Ilo, “Link- the Smart Grid Paradigm for a Secure Decentralized Operation Architecture”, Electric Power Systems Research

- Journal – Elsevier, Volume 131, 2016, pp. 116-125.

18

Demand response process:

real-time pricing

Source: Ilo, A. Demand response process in context of the unified LINK-based architecture. In Book Eco-Design in Electrical Engineering- Eco-friendly Methodologies, Solutions

and Example for Application to Electrical Engineering, 1st ed.; Jean-Luc Bessède; Publisher: Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Germany 2017, ISBN 978-3-319-58171-2.

19

Real time load reduction- Demand response in large scale

- Conservation voltage reduction

Conclusions: LINK-paradigm enables the unified

LINK-based architecture of smart power systems and

electricity market which provides:

Cyber security and data

privacy

by minimizing the

number of the

exchanged

data

Facilitates all actual power system operation processeslike load-generation balance, voltage assessment, outage managements, etc.

Minimizes

the restauration

time after black outs

Harmonizes

power systems

physics with the

electricity market rules

Mitigate the ICT

challenge

by minimizing the

number of

exchanged

data

Large scale integration

of decentralized

resources

International Conference on

Clean Energy for the World's Electricity GridsNovember 20-22, 2017, Geneva, Switzerland

LINK – technology for a complete Smart Grid solution

Albana Ilo

TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

20

Thank you for your attention