Applied Science and TechnologyApplied Science and TechnologyCycle 2 – Secondary 4

LinkagesLinkages

1. Permanent or Removable?

2. Fixed (Complete) or Moveable (Partial)?

3. Direct or Indirect?

4. Rigid or Flexible (Elastic)?

Link: connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces: a fastener that serves to join or connect;

(wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn)

1. Permanent or Removable?

Can the object be taken apart without causing damage to the object?

No - The link is considered permanent.

Yes – The link is considered removable

A rivet A nut and bolt

Permanent Removable

2. Fixed (Complete) or Moveable (Partial)?

Is movement possible between the two parts?

No - The link is considered fixed (complete).

Yes – The link is considered moveable (partial).

Screwdriver handle and shaftScissors

Moveable Fixed

3. Direct or Indirect?

Do the parts require something else to hold them together?

No - The link is considered direct.

Yes – The link is considered indirect.

Tupperware lid and bowl

two pieces of wood glued or screwed together.

Direct

Indirect

4. Rigid or Flexible (Elastic)?

Is the fastener that links the parts together flexible ?

No - The link is considered rigid.

Yes – The link is considered flexible.

ordinary hinges Tupper Ware lid .

Rigid Flexible

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the handle and the punch is:

?

permanent or removable,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the handle and the punch is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the handle and the punch is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,FIXED or moveable,

direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the handle and the punch is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,FIXED or moveable,DIRECT or indirect,

rigid or flexible,.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the handle and the punch is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,FIXED or moveable,DIRECT or indirect,RIGID or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the top handle is:

?

permanent or removable,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the top handle is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the top handle is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,fixed or MOVEABLE,

direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the top handle is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,fixed or MOVEABLE,direct or INDIRECT,

rigid or flexible,.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the top handle is:

?

PERMANENT or removable,fixed or MOVEABLE,direct or INDIRECT,

RIGID or flexible,.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the receptacle is:

?

permanent or removable,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the receptacle is:

?

permanent or REMOVABLE,fixed or moveable,direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the receptacle is:

?

permanent or REMOVABLE,fixed or MOVEABLE,DIRECT or indirect,

rigid or flexible,.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the receptacle is:

?

permanent or REMOVABLE,fixed or MOVEABLE,DIRECT or indirect,rigid or FLEXIBLE,

.

The types of « Links » between Parts

The “link” between the bottom handle and the receptacle is:

?

permanent or REMOVABLE,fixed or MOVEABLE,

direct or indirect,rigid or flexible,

.

Degrees of Freedom

• The set of independent movements that are possible for a given part in a technical object.

• The DOF is a number – 1,2,3 usually

• E.g. A door can rotate on its hinges = 1

• E.g. A drawer can translate in and out = 1

• E.g. A gear shift can move back and forth, left and right, up and down = 3

22

Type of Guiding

• Guiding is the mechanical function performed by any component that controls the motion of one or more moving parts.

• Guiding component is the part that does the controlling.

23

Type Component

Rotational Door hinge

Translational Drawer guide

Helical (rot +trans ) Screw & thread

24

Earth & Material Space World

Technological

World

Year 2 – Applied Path

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

For

ce a

nd m

otio

n

Chemical

Changes

Electrici

ty

Electromagnetism

Transformation ofEnergy

Manufacturing

Electrical Engineering

Materials

Mechanical Engineering

Minerals

Energy resources

Catchm

ent area;

Energy resources

DisturbancesTrophic RelationshipsPrimary ProductivityMaterial and energy flowChemical RecyclingFactors that influence the Distribution of biomesEcosystems

Power supply; Conduction, insulation,

and protection (resistance and coding,

Printed circuit).

Typical Controls (unipolar, bipolar, unidirectional

Bidirectional)

Transformation of energy

(electricity and light, heat, vibration, magnetism)

Other functions (condenser, diode, transistor,

Solid state relay

Constraints (deflection, shearing)

Characteristics of mechanical properties

Heat treatments

Types and properties:

Plastics (thermoplastics, therm

osetting, plastics)

Ceramics

Composites

Modification of properties (degradation,

protection)

Adhesion and friction of partsLinking of mechanical parts (freedom of movement)

Guiding controlsConstruction and characteristics of motion,

Transmission systems (friction gears, pulleys and belt,Gear assembly, sprocket wheels and chain,

wheel and worm gear)Speed changes, resisting torque, engine torqueConstruction and characteristics of motion:

Transformation systems (screw gear system, connecting rodsCranks, slides, rotating slider crank mechanism,

Rack and pinion drive, cams, eccentrics)

Law of conservation of energyEnergy efficiency

Distinction between heat and energy

Electromagnetism: (forces of attraction and

Repulsion; Magnetic field of a live wire)

Magnetic field of a solenoid

Electromagnetic induction

Electricity

: (Electric

al charge; s

tatic electric

ity

Ohm’s law; E

lectrica

l circ

uits

Relation ship betw

een power and

electrical e

nergy)Com

busti

on, o

xidat

ion

For

ce;

Typ

es o

f fo

rces

Equ

ilibr

ium

of

two

forc

esR

elat

ions

hip

betw

een

cons

tant

sp

eed,

dis

tanc

e an

d tim

eM

ass

and

Wei

ght

Dynamics ofEcosystems

Atm

osphere

Air m

ass; Cyclone and anticyclone

Energy resources

Space

Solar energy flow

Earth-Moon system

(Gravitational effect)

LivingWorld

Flui

ds

Arc

him

edes

Prin

cipl

eP

asca

l’s L

awB

erno

ulli’

s P

rinci

ple

GraphicalLanguage:

Multiview orthogonal projection(general drawing)

Functional dimensioningDevelopments (prism, cylinder, pyramid, cone)

Standards and representations(diagrams and symbols)

Manufacturing:

Characteristics of drilling, tapping, threading,

And bending

Measurement and Inspection:

Direct measurement (vernier calliper)

Control, shape, and position (plane

Section, angle)

Technologies: Medical, Information, Agricultural,

Automotive

25

Food Production

Residual Materials

Approved

Version

Year 2 – Applied Path - Option