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Linked Open Data in the Humanities An Open and Shut Case? Elton Barker & Leif Isaksen Twitter: @pelagiosproject 4 July, 2012 | DHOXSS, Oxford Slide 2 going through in detail towns of men both small and great alike: for of the places that were once great, most have now become small, while those that were great in my time were small before ( , , , Herodotus 1.5) Origins| The Hestia Project Slide 3 The Digital Text| Repurposing Perseus Slide 4 Web technologies | Google Earth Slide 5 Web technologies | The Narrative Timeline Slide 6 Scaling up| The Google Ancient Places project Slide 7 GapVis | The Reading View Slide 8 GapVis | The Snapshot Slide 9 GapVis | The Place View Slide 10 10 or any other online resource that bears a relation to a particular ancient place! Connecting Ancient World Research Resources through the Places they refer to Inscriptions Texts Archaeological Finds Museum Objects Archaeological Sites Pelagios| Linking data, openly Slide 11 TheSemantic Web Linked Open Data Digital Semantics| Two Visions Slide 12 Source: Google Trends Digital Semantics| Ups and Downs Slide 13 Source: Google Trends Digital Semantics| Ups and Downs Slide 14 1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so people can look them up 3. Provide information as RDF 4. Link to other URIs Digital Semantics| The 4 Linked Data Rules Slide 15 VariableFixed TermOpen EndedDifference OWL70%30%40 CIDOC CRM65%30%35 Conversion by Humanist60%25%35 Restricted Target Group50%15%35 External Consumption20%50%30 Public Access45%75%30 Resolvable URIs45%75%30 Persistent URIs35%80%45 Digital Semantics| MSKR vs. Linked Open Data Slide 16 Ot yesa eeennsct isht dear snit Isht eeennsct snit yesa ot dear To easy sentence this read isnt This sentence isnt easy to read Digital Semantics| References vs. Properties Slide 17 The glue | Pleiades Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) Slide 18 Using Pleiades| Dont Unify the Model Annotate! 18 pleiades:579885 (Athenae) pleiades:570685 (Sparta) Slide 19 Pleiades Ancient World Resources Pelagios Slide 20 20 Data aggregation Federated search Standardization of data representation Schema alignment & interoperability on a metadata level Connectivity through common references rather than common properties One ring to rule them all| What Pelagios is NOT about Slide 21 The Partners| The growing Pelagios Community 21 The Open University University of Southampton Austrian Institute of Technology Pleiades Arachne CLAROS Fasti Online GAP nomisma.org Open Context Perseus Digital Library Ptolemy Machine SPQR Ure Museum AND the British Museum, Inscriptions of Israel / Palestine, Papyri.info, Ports Antiques, ORACC, Regnum Francorum Slide 22 Why is this Useful? | Three easy wins 22 Context obtain links to online data that may be relevant to your own Discovery users can find your data by following links on other partners sites Reuse the Pelagios API provides machine-readable representations (JSON, RDF) to enable mashups and other forms of 3 rd party re-use Slide 23 Pelagios API in the Wild | Open Context 23 A free, open access resource for the electronic publication of primary field research from archaeology and related disciplines http://opencontext.orghttp://opencontext.org Result pages for Pleiades places show small sidebar boxes with references from the Pelagios API Slide 24 Pelagios API in the Wild | awld.js 24 A JavaScript library for Ancient World Linked Data, developed by Nick Rabinowitz and Sebastian Heath, awld.js adds functionality and visual elements based on links to stable URIs. http://isawnyu.github.com/awld-js/http://isawnyu.github.com/awld-js/ Pop-ups for Pleiades places link to Pelagios references Slide 25 Pelagios API Tools | Widgets 25 Pop-up elements you can embed on your own Web pages to display data from the Pelagios partners http://pelagios.github.com/pelagios-widgets/ Slide 26 Pelagios API Tools | Graph Explorer 26 Exploring Relations between Places through Data Exploring Relations between Data through Place Slide 27 Pelagios API Tools | Mapping Annotations (Heat maps) 27 Slide 28 Joining up | Three steps to heaven 28 1.Make your data available over the Web with stable URIs 2.Map your place references to the Pleiades Gazetteer of the Ancient World 1 3. Publish place references as RDF Pelagios considers place references to be annotations on your data use the Open Annotation 2 RDF vocabulary Use Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID) 3 for dataset metadata 1 http://pleiades.stoa.org/http://pleiades.stoa.org/ 2 http://www.openannotation.org/spec/beta/http://www.openannotation.org/spec/beta/ 3 http://www.w3.org/TR/void/http://www.w3.org/TR/void/ Warning: thats the tough part! Remember: this is separate from your data! Slide 29 Challenges| Issues identified so far No two datasets are the same (and were only collecting place references) RDF dumps 1 dumpfile vs. 1.000s of dumpfiles vs. SPARQL How to label appropriately? (references, data containing the reference) Dataset partitions no subsets vs. 8.000 subsets & multiple levels of hierarchy Dataset versioning? Typing how to express the kind of relation between data and place Find spot vs. origin, depicts, etc. Uncertain references ( probably made in, from the vicinity of ) Granularity & vague references ( South Italy, Greek Islands ) Pelagios has been taking an (extreme?) Keep it Simple approach We should grow the Web of Data, not build it 29 Slide 30 Possibilities| Scholarly linking 30 Slide 31 Conferre| To bring together 31 Classicists have always been concerned with parallels with what goes after the magic word cf.... What has not been clear with the traditional citation of parallel passages is what the point of the activity is, how the parallels affect the interpretation of the text. Don Fowler, On the Shoulders of Giants, in Roman Constructions (Oxford, 2000) 116 Slide 32 Thanks to the HESTIA, GAP and Pelagios partnerships http://pelagios-project.blogspot.com http://pelagios.dme.ait.ac.at/api http://pelagios.github.comhttp://pelagios.github.com - for the Pelagios cookbook 32