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Linking Curriculum Linking Curriculum and Communityand Community
Linking Curriculum Linking Curriculum and Communityand Community
The Student as Community Oral The Student as Community Oral HistorianHistorian
Leondra BurchallEducation Officer
The St. George’s Foundation
Bringing History to Life
HHIISSTOTORRYY IINN MMOOTTIIOONN
HHIISSTOTORRYY IINN MMOOTTIIOONN
What is oral history?• Oral history is a historical and
educational methodology that is accessible to all level of learners.
• Oral history is a process for recording and preserving first-hand, primary source information in a structured interview setting and making it available to others.
Why use oral history?• Students can make important and
valuable contributions to the preservation of the past when empowered with authentic opportunities and properly trained in oral history methodology and process.
Why use oral history?• Oral history implements place based
education-personal relevance. Students work in the familiar thereby learning becomes relevant to their world.
• Fosters connection and elicits pride• Executes experiential education-
historically oriented community service.• PLUS
Why use oral history?• It’s a great way to engage students• It’s a great way to engage the community• It’s a lot less boring than textbooks• It’s a tool for students with varied skill levels• It’s a way to promote higher-level thinking• It’s an invitation to be creative• It’s a way to meet standards• It’s a lot of ‘good’ work/productivity
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
1. Begin with objectives tied to 1. Begin with objectives tied to the curriculum.the curriculum.
Objectives• Broaden student learning with out of
class component• Use higher level thinking skills• Strengthen intergenerational dialogue
(specific topics/questions)• Facilitate student research opportunity• Demonstrate the value of oral history as
an educational and historical methodology
Objectives• Examine how oral history project allows
students to make lasting contributions to the communities in which they live by studying and adding to the historical record.
• Encourage collaborations betweens schools, other government agencies and private business (business skills)
Objectives• Provide students an opportunity to create and
preserve a primary source through an oral history interview
• Develop an understanding of the oral history process and the strengths and weaknesses of this historical methodology in comparison to more traditional historical sources
• Allow students the opportunity to deepen their understanding of a particular period of Bermudian history (of their choice).
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
2. Select topic.2. Select topic.
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
3. Begin background reading and 3. Begin background reading and readings on oral history (what it is readings on oral history (what it is
and how do I do it?and how do I do it?
• Interviewers should have a basic knowledge of Bermuda history and greater command of the period contextualizing the event under study.
• Proper data collection (primary and secondary source material).
• Workshop on oral history, linguistics and/or effective communication may be useful.
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
4. 4. Construct a conceptual framework Construct a conceptual framework (what to you want to k now-overall (what to you want to k now-overall
idea does one wish to know about the idea does one wish to know about the event, person interviewed and the event, person interviewed and the
period of time?period of time?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
5.5. Compile questions and list of Compile questions and list of interviewees (set up interview log-interviewees (set up interview log-
Excel).Excel).What questions haven’t been asked What questions haven’t been asked
about this particular subject?about this particular subject?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
6. Contact and interview 6. Contact and interview narratorsnarrators
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
7. Shape interview and 7. Shape interview and conditions for the interviewconditions for the interview
• The interviewee should be comfortable.• Interviewer should be dressed
appropriately (professional).• The interviewer and interviewee should
be the ONLY ones in the room.• Layout all consent forms, writing
utensils, equipment and questionnaires prior to interview. BEGIN ONLY AFTER CONSENT FORM IS SIGNED.
• If necessary, guide interviewee back to topic but DO NOT interrupt. Allow interviewee to complete thought.
• If there is any resistance to a line of questioning, abandon it completely.
• Ask all questions on sheet but be able to ask additional relevant questions not listed.
-Ask open-ended questions (do vs. what)-One question at a time
-Allow interviewee time to answer w/out interruption-Listen and ask good follow-up questions-Let interviewee do most of the talking
• Ask to have place names and other names spelled, when appropriate, especially foreign names. Try to obtain first names or full names if known.
• Ask for follow up details on people and places when appropriate. Remember outsiders may not be familiar with certain terms, events, places, etc.
• Ask for dates of events.• Always speak clearly and ask respondent to do
the same.
• Note: some people may be excessive talkers while others are succinct in their responses and some may be uncomfortable talking because of your gender, age or race. It is your job to make them as comfortable and open as possible by being interested in their story, acknowledging they are the authority by asking questions and demonstrating general knowledge about the subject.
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
8.8. Have workshop on Have workshop on transcribingtranscribing
9.9. Transcribe interviewsTranscribe interviews
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
10.10.Preserve interviews (in Preserve interviews (in archival storage bags, boxes)archival storage bags, boxes)
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
How can I incorporate How can I incorporate oral history into my oral history into my
current or future current or future curriculum?curriculum?
11.11.Analyze and DisseminateAnalyze and Disseminate
Produce newspaper article (NIE), Produce newspaper article (NIE), video, book or websitevideo, book or website
Conclusion• Curriculum must be tied to the learning• Oral History is a Historical Process
– Research/content background (timeline)– Oral History methodology training– Interviewee selection (where do you find the interviewees?)– Pre-interview worksheet and meeting– Interview questions– Interview (goal is to see what the interviewee knows)– Transcription– Analysis/interpretation/dissemination– Archiving/preservingOral History is History in Motion and students can be
community historians
Interview questions• Please state your full name, age, date and
place of birth.• Provide background information about
yourself.• When did you enter the teaching profession?• Why did you choose the teaching profession?• Where was your first teaching assignment?• Describe your experience as a new hire?
Interview questions• State full name, today’s date and our location.• Please give your full name and address.• What is your date of birth and age?• What is your place of birth?• Who were your parents and did you have any siblings?• Where did you grow up?• What do you remember about the 1981 Tourism strike?• How old were you at that time?• What was society like at that time?