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Linux BriefingJason Allen
CD Department Heads Meeting
9/28/2011
Why?Scientific Linux is a Linux release put together by Fermilab, CERN, and various other labs and universities around the world. Its primary purpose is to reduce duplicated effort of the labs, and to have a common install base for the various experimenters.
The base Scientific Linux distribution is basically Enterprise Linux, recompiled from source.
Our main goal for the base distribution is to have everything compatible with Enterprise, with only a few minor additions or changes. Examples of items that were added are Alpine, and OpenAFS.
Our secondary goal is to allow easy customization for a site, without disturbing the Scientific Linux base. The various labs are able to add their own modifications to their own site areas. By the magic of scripts, and the anaconda installer, each site is to be able to create their own distributions with minimal effort. Or, if a user wishes, they can simply install the base Scientific Linux release.
History
GNU Project• Strong belief in “free” software • Gnu responsible for GPL, GCC, Glibc, shell, text
editors, etc• GNU Public License is the embodiment of free
(open source) software philosophy• Nearly complete GNU operating system in
1992.
Beginnings of Linux • Linus wrote first kernel while attending
university in Finland.• Unhappy with licensing terms of Minix• Linux v1.0 kernel released by Linux
Torvalds in 1992
RPM (What you need to know).rpm files are binary packages containing software, install/uninstall scripts
.srpms are packages containing the software’s original source tree and a .spec file which contains the “recipe” for patching, and installing the software.
.rpms are created from .srpms
Fermi Linux 1998-2003• Outcome of PC Farms pilot project• Took Red Hat’s binary RPMs and repackaged
them into Fermi Linux• Improved overall security and customized Red
Hat installer to work better in Fermilab environment.
• FL had limited adoption outside of Fermilab
Birth of Scientific Linux• Fall HEPIX 2003 Red Hat issue was discussed .• For the next HEPIX meeting Connie Sieh and
Troy Dawson created a prototype of a RHEL 3 rebuild. We called this prototype Scientific Linux 3.0.1
• Discussed with CERN a collaboration of a RHEL rebuild.
SL Spins• SL was designed to allow for site
customizations. • A separate tree of site specific RPMs would
be laid over the top of the base SL distribution.
• This gave us Scientific Linux Fermi (SLF) and Scientific Linux Cern (SLC)
SLF vs SL• Scientific Linux Fermi is intended for use at Fermilab• Scientific Linux is intended for use outside Fermilab• SLF adds:
– Custom installer (workgroups, Fermi defaults)– Fermi Compliant Security Settings– Extra packages (rrdtool, drbd, heartbeat, upsbootstrap)– Some overrided packages (OpenSSH, Kcron,
Cryptocard)
Scientific Linux Fermi
~5.5K onsite systems running FL/SLF
Onsite SLF Systems 2004-2006
SLF Systems 2011
SLF Summary• Used throughout Fermilab to run everything
from online data acquisition systems to chip design workstations.
• Very few complaints from users; for the most part it just works.
• Issues related to SLF6 and Kerberos would be a problem with any Linux distro.
Scientific Linux
In 2011 Scientific Linux accidently got popular with the non-HEP crowd…
Hosts Accessing Yum SL Repo
Whoa!
Picked-up by ~3000 websitesPicked-up by ~3000 websites
11/10/2010 RHEL 6 Released
3/3/2011 SL 6 Released
7/10/2011 CentOS 6 Released
“I didn't realize Scientific Linux had a dedicated full-time staff. It looks like I'll be switching from CentOS. This waiting game is grueling enough, but to be almost completely in the dark about the development and a potential release date is the ultimate deal breaker for me.”
axel_2078 , CentOS Social Forum
Distrowatch
SL currently ranks #14. In 2010 SL ranked #53
Distrowatch ranks Linux distros based on number of page hits
Distrowatch ranks Linux distros based on number of page hits
A Few Scientific Linux UsersAlcatel-Lucent Altair Engineering Brookhaven National LaboratoryCERNCornell UniversityDuke UniversityInstitute of Nuclear Physics, PolandInstitute of Space Science, RomaniaJohns Hopkins UniversityLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLeibniz-Institut fuer Astrophysik PotsdamMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMonash University National Electrostatics Corp.Omnisys TechologiesPurdue University Tambov State Technical UniversityUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinUniversité Pierre & Marir Curie
University of AlbertaUniversity of Bristol Universidad Complutense de MadridUniversity of California at Irvine University of CambridgeUniversity of ColoradoUniversity of EdinburghUniversität FreiburgUniversity of IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoUniversity of KansasUniversität Konstanz University of Leicester University of ManchesterUniversity of Minnesota University of St.AndrewsUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison US Geological Survey
Institution Long Name Machines SL Used OnCERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire 15250 Data center only - clusters, servers
INFN Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare 6702 Many different sites - Mainly compute nodes
DESY - H DESY - site Zeuthen 2284 Mainly servers, some desktops and laptops
GRIDKA Grid Computing Centre Karlsruhe 1600 Grid worker nodesRAL Rutherford Appleton Laboratory 1500 Grid machines
IN2P3Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules 1380 Compute nodes
ASGC Academia Sinca Grid Computing Center 1280 Grid Center - mainly compute nodesGRIF Grille de Recherche d'Ile de France 1200 Grid worker nodesDESY - Z DESY - site Zeuthen 1110 Compute nodesUCL London University College London 1100 compute nodesPSI Paul Scherrer Institute 1000 Mainly compute nodesU of Wisc. University of Wisconsin 900 compute nodesIHEP Beijing Institute of High Energy Physics in Beijing 840 Compute Center - mainly compute nodesBristol Michigan and Michigan State University 690 HPC nodes, clusters, and desktops
Atlas Great LakesATLAS Great Lakes Tier-2 (AGLT2) split between the University of Michigan and Michigan State University 460 Mainly servers, some desktops
Ghent University Ghent University 460 HPC Infrastructure
Czech Institue of Physics Institute of Physics of the AS CR in Prague 400 Mainly compute nodes
UKI-LT2-QMUL Queen Mary University of London - Tier 2 Grid Site 400 Grid machinesTriumph TRIUMPH 300 compute nodes
Cornell Cornell's Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics 260 Laboratory for Elementary-Particle PhysicsOxford Oxford Particle Physics 170 Grid SitesETHZ Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
Linux Ink Russian Educational System desktops and servers
A Few More SL Users
Who is helping us?
External SL6 Contributions
SL6 Graphics SL User (Shawn Thompson)
Live CD ETH Zurich
Alpine DESY
Icewm Fermilab / Linux Ink
OpenAFS DESY
What about CERN?• CERN uses SL as the base for Scientific Linux CERN (SLC)
• Over the life cycle of a major release, SLC adds various bug fixes compiled at CERN
• In addition to the Hepix community's influence, it is CERN's use of SLC that drives SL's use by other institutions in Europe
The future
SL Goals1. Provide a stable Linux distro for Fermilab
experiments 2. Provide a stable Linux distro for the HEP
community 3. Collaborate with other institutions,
particularly CERN, to share the support and development workload.
4. Promote the Fermilab brand.