Lipidet Biokimi

8/8/2019 Lipidet Biokimi

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1.LIPIDET E THJESHTA

a)vajrat jane estere te acideve yndyrore

me glicerol.(te lenget) b)yndyrnat-estere te acideve te larta yndyrore

me peshe molekulare te larte te alkooleve

monohidroksile(te ngurte).


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2. Lipidet e perbera

a)fosfolipidet

b)glikolipidet

c)lipidet tjera te perbera-sulfolipidet dhe

aminolipidet

3.lipidet e perfituara nga hidroliza e disa

grupeve.Ketu bejne pjese acidet yndyrore

te ngopura dhe te pangopura dhe pasi jane te

paelektrizuara quhen lipide neutrale.


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Glikolipide e thjeshta permbajne

Galaktoze,sfingozine dhe ac.yndyrore

Keta quhen me emrin cerebrozidet. Cerebrozidet ndahen

Kerazin

Cerebron

Nervon

oksinervon


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Vetite e perbashketa te lipideve

a)te patretshem ne uje

b)treten ne tretes jopolar-eter,kloroform,benzen

c)funksion energjetik,ne te treten vitaminat

e tretshme ne yndyrna,funksion mbrojtes d)gjendet shume ne indin nervor-fijet

nervore


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Hipolipoproteinemije

-Abetalipoproteinemija

Mungesa e LDL -Hipobetalipoproteinemia familjare

SASIA E ZVOGLUAR E LDL

-mungesa e alfalipoproteinemi familjare mungesa e HDL


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1.Hiperlipoproteinemia

-mungesa e lipazes lipoproteinike

2.hiperholesterolemi familjare hiperbetalipidemi

3. Hiperlipoproteinemia

disbetalipoproteinemia familjare 4.Hipertriacilglicerolemia familjare-sasi e

madhe e nivelit te VLDL.


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Gangliozidetperbehen nga

Galaktoza +ceramidet +ac.sijalinik


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Lipidet e plazmes se gjakut

Holesteroli

Trigliceridet

VLDL

LDL1

LDL2

LDL

3

HILOMIKRONET

ALBUMINET(INDIDHJAMOR)


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Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for both CAD andstroke. Nearly 105 million American adults (49 millionmen and 56 million women) have total blood cholesterollevels (TC) of200 mg/dL or higher, with desirable levels

considered to be below 200 mg/dL.1 Adults with totalcholesterol levels of240 mg/dL or higher are consideredto be at high risk, and those with levels from 200 to 239mg/dL are at borderline-high risk. Of the US adults withelevated TC levels, approximately 37 million have total

blood cholesterol levels of240 mg/dL or higher, placingthem at a higher risk for CAD.1


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ETIO

LOGY

OF

HYPER

LIPIDEMIA

Dietary factors (cholesterol, saturated fatty acids, andobesity) clearly raise the TC level; they are importantcauses of borderline-high cholesterol. Yet there are otherfactors associated with borderline-high LDL cholesterol(LDL-C) levels, including the unexplained decline of LDL-

receptor activity associated with normal aging, the lossof estrogen-stimulated LDL-receptor synthesis aftermenopause, and several genetic defects. With theexception of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia(FH), most cases of severe hypercholesterolemia appearto be the result of the coexistence of at least two defectsin LDL metabolism, and as a rule, they can be treatedsuccessfully only by using cholesterol-lowering drugs inhigh doses or in combination.


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Lipoproteins are responsible for transportingcholesterol and other fats through thebloodstream. The two most commonly monitoredare LDLs and HDLs. LDLs carry the largest

amount of cholesterol in the blood and areresponsible for transporting it to extrahepatictissue and depositing it in arterial walls.Conversely, HDLs carry approximately one thirdto one fourth of blood cholesterol. HDLs are

thought to be responsible for transportingcholesterol from the walls of the arteries throughthe bloodstream to the liver for excretion.


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What causes hyperlipidemia?

Most hyperlipidemia is caused by lifestyle

habits or treatable medical conditions.Lifestyle contributors include obesity, not

exercising, and smoking. Conditions that

cause hyperlipidemia include diabetes,

kidney disease, pregnancy, and anunderactive thyroid gland.


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CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH

acidi linoleik

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH acidi oleik


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Lipoprotein Level Classification

LDL-C < 100 mg/dL-----------------------------Optimal 100-129 mg/dL--------------------------Near or above optimal

130-159 mg/dL---------------------------Borderline high 160-189 mg/dL--------------------------High

> or = 190 mg/dL-----------------------Very high

Total-C or= 240 mg/dL-------------------------High

TG-C: or = 500 mg/dL-----------------------Very high

HDL cholesterol: 60 or = 60 mg/dL--------------------- High


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Nyje limfatike


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Lipidet Biokimi