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• Lips• Teeth• Tongue• Palate
• Hard• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Adults have 32 teeth• Many only have 28
• Anatomy of a tooth• Crown• Neck • Root
Zemlin, pg 240.
• Lips• Teeth• Tongue• Palate
• Hard• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• “The tongue is without doubt the most important and the most active of the articulators”- Zemlin
• Alveolar ridge• Just behind front teeth (top)
Zemlin, pg 251.
• 2 parts of the tongue• Blade• Root
• 4 parts of the tongue• Tip• Blade: Alveolar ridge• Front: Hard palate• Back: Soft palate
Zemlin, pg 251.
• Intrinsic Muscles• Superior longitudinal:
• Most superficial• Longitudinal, oblique fibers• Course anteriorly from the root• Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip
upward
Zemlin, pg 254.
• Intrinsic Muscles• Inferior longitudinal:
• Muscle fibers on the underside of the tongue• Fibers run between genioglossus and hyoglossus
fibers• Course anteriorly from the root• Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip
downward
Zemlin, pg 254.
• Intrinsic Muscles• Transverse:
• Fibers course laterally• Contraction: narrow
tongue, elongate tongue
• Vertical:• Course downward
(and laterally) throughout the body of the tongue
• Contraction: flattens the tongue
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles• Genioglossus:• Forms the bulk of tongue tissue
• Strongest/largest extrinsic muscle
• Lower fibers: connect to the body of the hyoid
• Upper fibers: connect to the root and blade
• Contraction: move tongue root forward so tip is against teeth; pull front backward; pull center down
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles• Styloglossus:
• Connects the styloid process with the tongue
• Contraction: draws tongue up and back; can draw sides of tongue upward
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
http://antranik.org/geography-of-the-skull/
• Extrinsic Muscles• Hyoglossus:
• Connects greater cornua with the posterior tongue
• Contraction: retract/depress tongue; elevate hyoid (phonation)
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Extrinsic Muscles• Palatoglossus (glossopalatine):• Connects soft palate
with the posterior tongue
• Forms anterior faucial pillars
• Contraction: lower soft palate; raise back of tongue
Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
• Lips• Teeth• Tongue• Palate
• Hard• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Roof of the mouth/floor of the nasal cavity
• Formed by palatine processes of maxilla (upper jaw bone)
• Rugae: ridges behind the alveolar ridge
• Midline raphe: midline/sulcus in the roof of the mouth
Zemlin, pg 264.
• Connects to the posterior portion of the palatine processes
• 1/3 of the soft palate is connective tissue
• 2 major muscles
Zemlin, pg 227.
• Tensor Veli Palatini (Tensor Palati)• Connects the pterygoid plates at one end, and forms the palatal aponeurosis (connects soft and hard palates; “skeleton” of the soft palate)
• Contraction: lowers soft palate; opens Eustachian tube
http://www.drjimboyd.com/Masticatory_Musculature04.html
Levator Veli Palatini (Lavator Palati)
• Bulk of the soft palate• Connects soft palate with petrous bone and Eustachian tube
• Contraction: raises soft palate, contacts soft palate and pharyngeal wall (to divide oral and nasal cavities)
http://imaging.consult.com/image/chapter/Pediatric?title=Temporal%20Bone%20and%20Ear%20%28Pediatric%29&image=fig2&locator=gr2&pii=S1933-0332%2808%2973386-X
Zemlin, pg 264.
• Musculus Uvulae (Azygos Uvulae)• Connects soft palate and uvula• Contraction: raise soft palate
• Palatoglossus• Contraction: lower soft palate; raise back of
tongue
• Palatopharyngeous• Posterior faucial pillars• Main function in swallowing Zemlin, pg 264.
• Lips• Teeth• Tongue• Palate
• Hard• Soft
• Mandible
Zemlin, pg 227.