Liquid Cooling

• Liquid Cooling

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

Cavity magnetron - History

1 In 1940, at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom,

John Randall and Harry Boot produced a working prototype similar to Hollman's cavity magnetron, but added liquid cooling and a stronger

cavity


Supercomputer - Energy usage and heat management

1 However, the submerged liquid cooling approach was not practical for the multi-cabinet systems based on off-the-shelf processors, and in System X a special cooling system that combined air conditioning with

liquid cooling was developed in conjunction with the Liebert

company.


Beltway battery - Transportation

1 Rimac Automobili have developed an advanced LFP battery system with

integrated battery management and liquid cooling systems, primarily for their Concept One electric supercar which will enter production but also

for commercial availability of the battery system.


High-performance computing - Energy usage and heat management

1 However, the submerged liquid cooling approach was not practical for the multi-cabinet systems based on off-the-shelf

processors, and in System X (computing)|System X a special cooling system that

combined air conditioning with liquid cooling was developed in conjunction with the

Liebert (company)|Liebert company.Computational science -- ICCS

2005: 5th international conference edited by Vaidy S


Digital Storm - Liquid-cooling

1 On most desktop models, Digital Storm offers Cryo-TEC and Sub-Zero liquid cooling

systems.


Internal-combustion engine - Energy efficiency

1 Once the available energy has been removed, the remaining hot gases are exhaust gas|

vented (often by opening a poppet valve|valve or exposing the exhaust outlet) and this allows

the piston to return to its previous position (top dead center, or TDC). The piston can then proceed to the next phase of its cycle, which varies between engines. Any heat that is not translated into work is normally considered a

waste product and is removed from the engine either by an air or liquid cooling system.


Ford Focus Electric - Powertrain and battery

1 The advanced battery system uses an active liquid cooling and heating

thermal management system to precondition and regulate the

temperature in the battery system


BMW ActiveE - Specifications

1 Based on the lessons learned by BMW regarding cold weather

problems during the Mini E field testing, the ActiveE will have liquid cooling and liquid heating, with a

Thermal management of electronic devices and systems|thermal management system that is

expected to allow to keep ActiveE batteries at an optimal performance

temperaturehttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

Wankel engine - Motorcycle engines

1 The Suzuki RE5 single-rotor motorcycle was produced from 1975 to 1976. It proved

to be a complex design, with Radiator (engine cooling)|liquid cooling and oil cooling, and multiple lubrication and

carburetor systems, these gave problems that were solved after the first series units. It worked well and was smooth, but being rather heavy and having a modest 62bhp

power output, it did not sell well.


ZEnterprise 196 - Liquid cooling

1 The zEC12 and z196 support external liquid cooling. Customers have the

option of purchasing their mainframe with a water-cooled heat exchanger.


Space suit - Optional requirements

1 * Advanced suits better regulate the astronaut's temperature with a Liquid

Cooling and Ventilation Garment (LCVG) in contact with the

astronaut's skin, from which the heat is dumped into space through an

external radiator in the PLSS.


Advanced Crew Escape Suit - History

1 Based on the LES, but being a full-pressure suit, the ACES suit now

incorporates gloves on disconnecting lock rings on the wrists, liquid cooling

and improved ventilation, and an extra layer of insulation


Advanced Crew Escape Suit - Design

1 Underneath the suits, astronauts wear Maximum Absorbency Garment

(MAGs) urine-containment trunks (resembling Depends incontinence shorts) and blue-colored thermal

underwear, which has plastic tubing woven into the garments allowing for

liquid cooling and ventilation, the latter being handled by a connector located on the astronaut's left waist.


Mpemba effect - Modern context

1 David Auerbach describes how the effect can be observed in samples in glass beakers

placed into a liquid cooling bath. In all cases the water supercools, reaching a

temperature of typically -6°C to -18°C before spontaneously freezing. Considerable

random variation was observed in the time required for spontaneous freezing to start

and in some cases this resulted in the water which started off hotter (partially) freezing

first.


Magnetron - History

1 In 1940, at the University of Birmingham in the United Kingdom, John Randall (physicist)|John Randall and Harry Boot produced a working

prototype similar to Hollman's cavity magnetron, but added liquid cooling

and a stronger cavity


Harley-Davidson - VRSC

1 Competing against Japanese and American muscle bikes in the

upcoming power cruiser segment, the V-Rod makes use of an engine

developed jointly with Porsche that, for the first time in Harley history, incorporates overhead cams and

liquid cooling


Alienware - Desktops

1 Sealed liquid cooling units for the processors came factory

installed




installed



1 Sealed liquid cooling units for the

processors came factory installed



1 Sealed liquid cooling units for the processors came factory installed












installed


Blade server - Cooling

1 blade-enclosures feature variable-speed fans and control logic, or even Liquid cooling for computers|liquid

cooling-systems[ http://www.sun.com/servers/blades/6000chassis/Blade6000_PowerCooling

_WP.pdf Sun Power and Cooling]


Radial engine - Radial versus inline debate

1 :'Damage tolerance:' Liquid cooling systems are generally more

vulnerable to battle damage. Minor shrapnel damage easily results in a

loss of coolant and consequent engine seizure, while an air-cooled

radial might be largely unaffected by small damage.


Flight engineer - Duties

1 The FE sets and monitors the following major systems: fuel, pressurization and air

conditioning, hydraulic, electrics (engine driven generators, Auxiliary power unit, Gas turbine

compressor/air turbine motor (APU, GTC, ATM), ice and rain protection (engine and nacelle anti-

ice, window heat, probe heater), oxygen, fire and overheat protection of all systems, liquid

cooling system (Boeing E-3), draw through cooling system (Boeing E-3), forced air cooling

system (Boeing E-3), and powered flying controls


Gravity (film) - Scientific accuracy

1 *Stone is shown not wearing Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment|

liquid-cooled ventilation garments or even socks, which are always worn

under the EVA suit to protect against extreme temperatures in space. Neither was she shown wearing Maximum Absorbency Garment|

space diapers.


Rolls-Royce Merlin - Origin

1 became available, the engine was adapted to use a conventional liquid cooling system


Rolls-Royce Merlin - Early engines

1 : Two built, ethylene glycol liquid cooling system introduced. Ramp cylinder heads (Intake valve|inlet

valves were at a 45-Degree (angle)|degree angle to the cylinder). Passed

Type Testing February 1935, generating 950 horsepower (708kW)

at equivalent.


Moon landing conspiracy theories - Mechanical issues

1 A separate water loop flowed through the LCG (Liquid Cooling and

Ventilation Garment|Liquid Cooling Garment) worn by the astronaut, carrying his metabolic waste heat

through the sublimator plate where it was cooled and returned to the LCG


Homebuilt computer - Development as a hobby

1 Not only can someone build a desktop that can outperform pre-built models selling in

retail stores, but someone building their own computer has the freedom to add whatever components they desire, from multiple hard

drives, case mods, high-performance graphics cards, Water cooling|liquid cooling,

Multi-monitor|multi-head high-resolution monitor configurations, or using alternative

operating systems without paying the Microsoft tax.


Computer case - Appearance

1 Case modding is the artistic styling of computer cases, often to draw attention to the use of

advanced or unusual components. Since the early 2000s, some cases have included clear

side panels or acrylic windows so that users can look inside while it is operating. Modded cases may also include internal lighting, custom paint, or Watercooling|liquid cooling systems. Some

hobbyists build custom cases from raw materials like aluminum, steel, styrofoam,

acrylic, or wood.


Modding - Types of modding

1 Cooling is a large part of console hard 'modding', including: heat sink upgrades, more powerful or quieter

fans, some even go so far as to abandon common heat exchange to air all together by liquid cooling a console (most notably in the Xbox 360, which initially had some heat

problems).


Computer cooling

1 There are also more exotic cooling

techniques, such as liquid cooling.


Computer cooling - Mainframes and supercomputers

1 Many air and liquid cooling systems were devised and investigated, using methods such as natural and forced convection, direct air impingement, direct liquid immersion and forced

convection, pool boiling, falling films, flow boiling, and liquid jet

impingement


Computer cooling - Mainframes and supercomputers

1 Performance per watt of modern systems has greatly improved; many more

computations can be carried out with a given power consumption than was

possible with the integrated circuits of the 1980s and 1990s. Recent

supercomputer projects such as Blue Gene rely on air cooling, which reduces cost, complexity, and size of systems

compared to liquid cooling.


Computer cooling - Liquid submersion cooling

1 It is also becoming popular with data centers.[http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2013/07/01/th

e-immersion-data-center/ Green Revolution Computing, Iceotope, Asetek, LiquidCool offering liquid cooling for data

centers][http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/12/21/facebook-tests-immersion-cooling/ 3M, Intel and Facebook having done

tests or currently employ immersion cooling for their data centers] Personal computers cooled in this manner may not require neither fans or pumps, and may be cooled exclusively by Thermosiphon|

passive heat exchange between the computer hardware, the plastic box it is placed

in.[http://www.eppenga.com/photos/fluid-cooled-pc/liquid-cooled-pc.html Plastic box used to place hardware in ref 1; plastic eliminating the chance of short-circuiting the printed circuit boards, unlike a metal box][http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2012/12/21/faceb

ook-tests-immersion-cooling/ Facebook using plastic box to put hardware in, see image] A heat exchanger (i.e


Computer cooling - Liquid cooling

1 Liquid cooling is a highly effective method of removing excess heat,

with the most common Coolant|heat transfer fluid in desktop PCs being (distilled) water. The advantages of

water cooling over air cooling include water's higher specific heat capacity

and thermal conductivity.



1 The radiator is itself sometimes cooled additionally by means of a Computer fan|fan.[http://computer.howstuffworks.com/liquid-

cooled-pc2.htm Fan often present in liquid cooling for PC's] Besides a fan, it could possibly also be cooled by other means, such as by

means of a Peltier cooler (although Peltier elements are most commonly placed directly on top of the hardware to be cooled, and the coolant is used to conduct the heat away from the hot side of the Peltier element).[http://computer.howstuffworks.com/liquid-

cooled-pc5.htm When water just isn't cold enough][http://www.tomshardware.co.uk/forum/282844-29-peltier-water-cooling Regular system combining Peltier cooler with water

cooling, often gives condensation problems though] Also, a coolant reservoir is often also connected to the

system.[http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/upgrades/pc-water-cooling-guide-all-you-need-to-know-952521 PC

water cooling]



1 Besides active liquid cooling systems, passive liquid cooling systems are also sometimes used.[http://www.techradar.com/news/computing-components/upgrades/pc-water-cooling-guide-all-you-need-to-know-952521/2#articleContent Passive liquid cooling systems as Reserator

V2 mentioned in Techradar article, the reserator still has a water pump though][http://www.tomshardware.com/news/silverstone-td04-

pumpless-liquid-cooling,27023.html Passive system without water pump but still featuring a fan][http://www.overclockers.com/cpu-

vapor-cooling-thermosyphon/ Thermosiphon PC cooling system made by Bernhard Kuemel, not containing pump nor

fan][http://www.overclock.net/t/607208/water-cooling-without-pump/30 Other thermosiphon

systems][http://www.xtremesystems.org/forums/showthread.php?218039-passive-pumpless-watercooling Other thermosiphon liquid

cooling projects] These systems often discard a fan or a water pump, hence theoretically increasing the reliability of the system, and/or

making it more silent than active systems



1 Liquids allow the transfer of more heat from the parts being cooled than air,

making liquid cooling suitable for overclocking and high performance

computer applications. Compared to air cooling, liquid cooling is also influenced less by the ambient temperature. Liquid cooling's comparatively low noise-level

compares favorably to that of active cooling, which can become quite noisy.



1 Disadvantages of liquid cooling include complexity and the potential for a coolant

leak



1 The past few years have seen an increase in the popularity of liquid

cooling in pre-assembled, moderate to high performance, desktop

computers



1 Liquid cooling is typically combined with air cooling, using liquid cooling for the hottest components, such as

CPUs or GPUs, while retaining the simpler and cheaper air cooling for

less demanding components.


Computer cooling - Optimization

1 The installation of higher performance, non-stock cooling may also be considered modding. Many

overclockers simply buy more efficient, and often, more expensive

fan and heat sink combinations, while others resort to more exotic ways of computer cooling, such as

liquid cooling, Peltier effect heatpumps, heat pipe or phase

change cooling.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

Power Mac G5 - Product revision history

1 * 2004 June: 90nm DP 1.8, DP 2.0 and DP 2.5GHz replace all previous

models. The 2.5GHz model is notable as the first major PC with Water cooling#Computer usage|liquid

cooling included as stock.


Power Mac G5 - Product revision history

1 * 2005 October: Shift to dual-core processors: DP 2.0GHz → DC 2.0GHz, DP 2.3GHz → DC

2.3GHz, DP 2.7GHz → DP DC 2.5GHz (termed a Quad Power Mac G5, with four CPU

execution cores and more reliable Water cooling#Computer usage|liquid cooling), all

with DDR2 memory, and PCI Express expansion in place of PCI-X. The older PCI-X, DP 2.7GHz model remained available for a

while, but the slower speed single-core models were discontinued immediately.


Power Mac G5 - Defects

1 Some 2.5GHz dual processor and all 2.7GHz dual-processor and the

2.5GHz quad-processor variant were cooled by a liquid cooling system (LCS) that consisted of a radiator,

coolant pump, and heat exchangers that were bolted to the processors


Battery management system - Protection

1 * Actively controlling the environment, such as through

heaters, fans, air conditioning or liquid cooling


Flash tube - Glass envelopes

1 Liquid cooling is generally necessary

above 30 W/cm2.


Power transformer - Cooling

1 Some large transformers employ electric fans for forced-air cooling, pumps for forced-liquid cooling, or have heat exchangers for water-

cooling


Extravehicular Mobility Unit - Suit components

1 The final item donned before putting on the pressure suit is the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment (LCVG), which incorporates clear

plastic tubing through which chilled liquid water flows for body

temperature control, as well as ventilation tubes for waste gas

removal.


Aerodynamic heating - Aircraft

1 Some designs for hypersonic missiles would employ liquid cooling of the leading edges (usually the fuel en

route to the engine).


Apollo/Skylab A7L - Liquid Cooling Garment

1 Lunar crews also wore a three-layer Liquid Cooling and Ventilation

Garment (LCG) or union suit with plastic tubing which circulated water

to cool the astronaut down, minimizing sweating and fogging of the suit helmet. Water was supplied to the LCG from the PLSS backpack,

where the circulating water was chilled by an ice Sublimation

(chemistry)|sublimator.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

Apollo/Skylab A7L - Constant Wear Garment

1 The CMP wore a simpler cotton fabric union suit called the Constant Wear

Garment (CWG) underneath the TSLA instead of the water cooled Liquid

Cooling Garment. His cooling came directly from the flow of oxygen into

his suit via an umbilical from the spacecraft environmental control

system. When not performing lunar EVA's, the LMP and CDR also wore a

CWG instead of the LCG.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

Apollo/Skylab A7L - Apollo 15-17

1 Because the J-series CSMs incorporated the Scientific Instrument Module (SIM) Bay, which used special film

cameras similar to those used on Air Force spy satellites, and required a deep space EVA for

retrieval, the CMP for each of the three J-series missions wore a five-connector A7LB based H-series

A7L suits, with the liquid cooling connections eliminated as the CMP would be attached to a life-support umbilical (like that used on Project Gemini|

Gemini EVAs) and only an oxygen purge system (OPS) would be used, along with a red apple lanyard,

for emergency backup in the case of the failure of the umbilical


Sand casting - Cores

1 To produce cavities within the castingmdash;such as for liquid cooling in internal combustion

engine|engine blocks and cylinder headsmdash;negative forms are used

to produce cores. Usually sand-molded, cores are inserted into the

casting box after removal of the pattern. Whenever possible, designs are made that avoid the use of cores, due to the additional set-up time and

thus greater cost.


Engine block - Combined block, head, and crankcase

1 Being an air-cooled OHC design, this is possible thanks to current

aluminum casting techniques and lack of complex hollow spaces for

liquid cooling


Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation) - Camaro, RS, 1LE

1 1LE package is offered on 1SS and 2SS coupe models, with an exclusive Tremec TR6060MM6 6-speed manual

transmission with a standard air-to-liquid cooling system, 3.91 geared limited slip differential, exclusive monotube

rear dampers, 27-mm solid front stabilizer bar, 28-mm solid rear stabilizer bar, higher-capacity rear-axle half shafts,

strut tower brace, ZL1-based 20 x 10-inch front and 20 x 10-inch aluminum wheels, 285/35ZR20 Goodyear Eagle

Supercar G:2 tires front and rear (identical to the front tires for ZL1), ZL1 wheel bearings, toe links and rear shock

mounts; ZL1 high-capacity fuel pump and additional fuel pickups, matte black hood, black front splitter and rear spoiler, 10-spoke ZL1-based wheels; ZL1's flat-bottom

steering wheel trimmed in sueded microfiber, short-throw shifter from the ZL1 trimmed in sueded microfiber.


Broadcast transmitter - Cooling of final stages

1 At power levels above these some transmitters have the output stage

cooled by a forced liquid cooling system analogous to an automobile

cooling system


Internal combustion engine cooling - Liquid cooling

1 Today, most automotive and larger IC engines are

liquid-cooled.[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/cooling-system2.htm Liquid cooling system

schematic][http://www.crxsi.com/info/cooling-system/Servicing-Your-Engine-s-Cooling-

System.htm Liquid cooling system alternative][http://content.answcdn.com/main

/content/img/McGrawHill/Encyclopedia/images/CE233300FG0010.gif Liquid cooling

schematic 3]


Internal combustion engine cooling - Liquid cooling

1 In some cases, chemical coolants are also employed (in closed systems) or they are mixed

with seawater cooling.[http://www.boatpartsinfo.com/cooling-systems.html Marine cooling systems overview]

[http://books.google.be/books?id=0KmF86bUjYECprintsec=frontcoverdq=How

+Boat+Things+Work:+An+Illustrated+Guidehl=nlei=PCqUTqOSDbP04QTe4tSCCAsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false

Liquid cooling systems for boats]


Internal combustion engine cooling - Transition from air cooling

1 The change of air cooling to liquid cooling occurred at the start of World War II when the US military needed

reliable vehicles


National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center - History

1 Over time, it expanded to contain a CDC 7600, then a Cray-1(SN-6) which

was called the c machine, and in 1985 the world's first Cray-2(SN-1)

which was the b machine, nicknamed bubbles because of the bubbles

visible in the fluid of its unique direct liquid cooling system


Honda CX series

1 The design included innovative features and technologies that were

uncommon or unused at the time such as liquid cooling, electric-only

starting, low-maintenance drive shaft|shaft drive, modular wheels, and dual CV-type carburetors that were tuned for reduced emissions


Lexus RX - 2008–2012

1 The electric motors use the first automotive application of liquid

cooling on both sides of the high-current transistors, allowing greater contribution from the electric motors

versus the gasoline engine.


Honda CR series - Off-road

1 All CR models after 1985 have liquid cooling, a single rear shock absorber,

and telescoping front suspension forks


BMW i8 - BMW i8 coupe prototype (2013)

1 The model-specific version of the high-voltage 7.2 lithium-ion battery has a liquid cooling system and can

be recharged at a conventional household power socket, at a BMW i

Wallbox or at a public charging station


Air-cooled engine - Introduction

1 In all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat generated (around 44%) escapes

through the exhaust, not through either a liquid cooling system nor through the metal fins of an air-cooled engine (12%). About 8% of the heat

energy finds its way into the Motor oil|oil, which although primarily meant for lubrication, also

plays a role in Heat exchanger|heat dissipation via a cooler (oil)|cooler.

[http://www.avweb.com/news/maint/182883-1.html]


Harley-Davidson VRSC

1 The V-Rod made use of the Revolution engine, developed jointly with Porsche that, for the first time in

Harley public production history, features overhead cams and liquid

cooling


Computer fan - Alternatives

1 * Computer cooling#Liquid submersion cooling|Submersive liquid cooling, placing the motherboard in a non-electrically conductive fluid, provides excellent convection cooling

and protects from humidity and water without the need for heatsinks or fans. Special care must be taken to ensure compatibility with

adhesives and sealants used on the motherboard and ICs. This solution is used in some external environments such as wireless

equipment located in the wild.


Liquid-cooled engine - Computer usage

1 Apple's Power Mac G5 was the first mainstream desktop computer to

have water cooling as standard. Dell followed suit by shipping their XPS

computers with liquid cooling, using thermoelectric cooling to help cool

the liquid. Currently, Dell's only computers to offer liquid cooling are

their Alienware desktops.


Liquid-cooled engine - Liquid cooling maintenance

1 Liquid cooling techniques are increasingly being used for the

thermal management of electronic components


Gaming PC - Cooling systems

1 Due to the common issue of multiple video card configurations many gamers overclock their CPUs to

enhance performance. With the CPU running hotter due to overclocking,

cooling systems are the logical remedy. Taking place of a simple fan and heat-sink a liquid cooling system

is a quiet and more effective solution.


Tesla Roadster - Motor

1 The Roadster is powered by a 3-phase, 4-dipole|pole, induction motor|induction

electric motor with a maximum output power of . Its maximum torque of is immediately available and remains constant from 0 to

6,000 rpm; nearly instantaneous torque is a common design feature of electric motors and offers one of the biggest performance

differences from internal combustion engines. The motor is air-cooled and does

not need a liquid cooling system.


Thermal management of electronic devices and systems

1 Heat generated by electronic devices and Electronic circuit|circuitry must be dissipated to improve Reliability

engineering|reliability and prevent premature failure.[http://www.aavidthermalloy.com/technical/papers/cooling.shtml The Basics of Package/Device Cooling] Techniques for heat dissipation can include Thermal management of electronic devices and systems#Heat sinks|heatsinks and fan (mechanical)|fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as Water cooling|liquid cooling.

[http://www.computerpoweruser.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/u0413/02u13/02u13.aspguid= Your

Cooling Options - From Air To Water To Refrigeration: Cooling Goes High Tech]


Thermal management of electronic devices and systems - Telecommunications Environments

1 Although direct and indirect liquid cooling may be introduced in the future, the

current design of new electronic equipment is geared towards maintaining air as the cooling medium.[http://telecom-

info.telcordia.com/site-cgi/ido/docs.cgi?ID=SEARCHDOCUMENT=GR-3028 GR-3028-CORE, Thermal Management in Telecommunications Central Offices:

Thermal GR-3028,] Telcordia.


Radiator (engine cooling) - Pressurized cooling systems

1 Another effect that is especially important in aircraft cooling is that the specific heat capacity

changes with pressure, and this pressure changes more rapidly with altitude than the drop in temperature. Thus, generally, liquid cooling systems lose capacity as the aircraft

climbs. This was a major limit on performance during the 1930s when the introduction of

turbosuperchargers first allowed convenient travel at altitudes above 15,000ft, and cooling

design became a major area of research.


Aprilia RS125

1 The 'Aprilia RS125' is a GP derived replica sport production motorcycle.

It is powered by a Rotax single cylinder 124.8cc two-stroke engine

with Nikasil coated aluminium cylinder block, and Internal

combustion engine cooling#Liquid cooling|liquid cooling.


Overclockwise - Plot

1 Due to heightened intelligence caused by his overclocking, Bender is able to precognition|anticipate future probabilities and connects himself to

a water cooler to computer cooling#Liquid cooling|prevent

overheating


Motorcycle engine - Cylinder heads (four-stroke)

1 Cylinder heads are the hottest part of the engine and require adequate cooling, typically air cooling, oil

cooling or Radiator (engine cooling)|liquid cooling.


Lead shot - Manufacture

1 Lead shot dropped quickly into liquid cooling baths when being produced from molten lead is known as chilled

lead shot, in contrast to soft lead shot which is produced by molten lead not being dropped as quickly

into a liquid cooling bath


Straight-two engine - Other uses

1 The design has been used for two-stroke, four-stroke, and diesel

engines, Engine cooling#Air-cooling|air-cooled and Engine cooling#Liquid cooling|water-cooled, and aspirated

by both carburettors and turbochargers.


M1895 Colt-Browning machine gun - World War I

1 Besides being chambered for the standard 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano Italian rifle

cartridge, they were converted to liquid cooling with the installation of a narrow

brass sleeve around the barrel; M1895/14 machine guns receiving this modification were designated 6.5/80 and employed by the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy) as a

field weapon for Marine infantrymen defending the mouth of the Piave (river)|

Piave riverhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-liquid-cooling-toolkit.html

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Liquid Cooling