1.  Gazzaniga or Sperry Biological approach; split brain research and defining

the specific functions of the left and right hemispheres

2.  Gibson and Walk Cognitive approach; visual-cliff experiment and

discovering that infants develop depth perception at an

early age

3.  Gordon Allport Cognitive approach (trait theorist); defined three levels

of traits: cardinal, central, and secondary traits

4.  Harry Harlow Sociocultural approach; discovering that contact

comfort is an important part of attachment

5.  Harry Stack Sullivan Psychodynamic approach; development of Self-System

and discovering that personality exists in a network of

interpersonal relationships

6.  Henry Murray Psychodynamic approach; development of the

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

7.  Hermann Rorschach Psychodynamic approach; development of the

Rorschach Inkblot Test

8.  Hans Eysenck Cognitive approach, three personality dimensions

(extraversion, psychoticism, and neuroticism) and the

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

9.  Hobson and McCarley Biological approach; action-synthesis hypothesis as an

explanation for dreams and their content

10. Holmes and Rahe Sociocultural approach; Social Readjustment Rating

Scale (SRRS)

11. Howard Gardner Cognitive approach; theory of multiple intelligences

12. Ivan Pavlov Behavioral approach; classical conditioning

 

 

13. Jean Piaget Cognitive approach; Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive

Development, as well as association, assimilation, and

the forming of schemas

14. John B. Watson Behavioral approach; proof that classical conditioning

could be used to create a phobia through his

controversial “Little Albert” Experiment 

15. Judith Lang Lois Sociocultural approach; creation of social stereotypes,

the effect of appearance on behavior

16. Karen Horney Psychodynamic approach; basic anxiety and “womb

envy” 

17. Karl Wernicke Biological approach; discovery of Wernicke’s area and

Wernicke’s aphasia 

18. Kenneth Clark

Sociocultural approach; Doll experiments, in which he

and his wife Mamie found that there was a preference

for the white doll over the black doll

19. Kurt Lewin Sociocultural approach; coined the term “group

dynamics” 

20. Lawrence Kohlberg Cognitive approach; Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral

Development

21. Leon Festinger Sociocultural approach; cognitive dissonance

22. Lev Vygotsky Sociocultural approach; scaffolding and the zone of

proximal development (ZPD)

 

23. Lewis Terman Cognitive approach; his longitudinal study of gifted

children (“Termites”), which disproved the stereotype

surrounding children with high IQs

24. Little Albert Behavioral approach; test subject of John B. Watson’s

“Little Albert” experiment 

25. Konrad Lorenz Cognitive approach; imprinting in animals

26. Martin Seligman Behavioral approach; theory of learned helplessness

27. Mary Ainsworth Sociocultural approach; “Stranger Situation”

experiment, in which she discovered three types of

attachment (the fourth was discovered posthumously)

28. Mary Cover-Jones Behavioral approach; “Little Peter” experiment, a

replication of the “Little Albert” experiment, but with

counter conditioning of the test subject

29. Masters and Johnson Biological approach; the human sexual response cycle

30. Noam Chomsky Cognitive approach; language acquisition device