159

APPENDIX

List of some Perso-Arabic words generally used in Oriya language & literature.

(Although these words have been taken from Perso-Arabic roots but some vowel points have been changed

according to the Oriya pronunciation)

PERSIAN WORDS

aadmi : a man

aain : law

aaina : mirror

aaram : comfort

abad : cultivated

afsosh : sorrow, alas

amdani : income

andar : in, within

andaz : guess

angur : grape

arzi : petition

asman : the sky

atasbaji : fire work

awaz : sound

awkari : excise

azad : free

babat : affair, on account of

bad : bad, evil

badam : an almond

bafta : a kind of wollen or silk clothe

bagh : a garden

160

bahadur : brave

bahana : pretence, plea

bajubandh : armlet

bakhiya : stich

bandargah : a port

bandobast : management

barabar : equal

barbad : ruined

barik : fine, very thin

baris : rain

basinda : inhabitant

basta : a bundle of papers or books

baz : a hawk

bedana : a pomegranate

begum : a lady

beimaan : un principled

beimani : dishonesty

bekar : un-employed

belcha : a hoe

bewa : a widow

bezar : offended, ill

bibi : a lady

bichara : helpless

bimar : sick

biradar : a brother

161

bistar : bed

chabuk : a horse whip

chakar : a servant

chalak : clever

chamcha : a ladle

chanda : subscription

chapras : the badge of a peon

charakha : a spinning wheel

charbi : fat

chasma : spectacles

chay : tea

dag : a spot

daga : deception, treachery

dam : breath, life

dar : door, house

darbesh : saints

darkar : necessary

darkhast : petition

darwaza : a door

darya : river

dast : hand, purge

dasta : a quire of paper

dastkhat : Signature

dastur : a common practice

dawa : a claim

162

dil : heart

dimag : brain

diwan : prime-minister

dost : friend

duniya : the world

dushman : an enemy

faujdari : criminal

ganda : filthy

ganjafa : a kind of cards

gardan : neck

gaz : yard

gazi : a thin course cloth

giraftari : arrest

gram : hot, warm

gul : flower

gulab : a rose

gulsan : garden

gumasta : an agent

gumbaj : dome

guzara : livelihood

hangama : disturbance

har : every

hazar : a thousand

hosh : sense

jaan : life

163

jadu : enchantment

jagir : land given by the government as reward

Jahaz : ship

jakham : a wound

jama : a garment

Jamin : land

janana : female

janjir : chain

Janwar : animal

jin : a sadle

jinda : alive

jindagi : life

jor : emphasis

kagaz : paper

kaifiyat : an explanation, mood

kal’m : pen

kalami : grafted

kam : little

kamar : the waist

kamarband : belt

karigar : workman

karz : debt

khafa : angry

khairat : alms, charity

khajana : treasury

164

khajanchi : treasurer

khaki : dusty

khana : a house

khandan : family race

khangi : private, a prostitute

khansama : a butler

kharbuja : muskmelon

kharch : expense

kharid : purchase

kharidar : buyer

khisara : loss

khud : self

khun : blood

khurak : food

khus : pleased

kinara : border

kismis : raisin

kosish : endeavour, effort

kotwal : chief of the city police

kurta : a kind of shirt

lafang : a loose character

lagam : a bridle

lang : lame

langer : an anchor

langi : a coloured check worn by muslims as dhoti

165

maidan : a plain, land

maja : pleasure

majdur : a labourer

malish : rubbing

manda : tired, fatigued, ailing.

mard : a man, a male

mast : over-joyed, intoxicated

meherban : kind, gracious

meherbani : kindness

mej : a table

mewa : fruits

miya : sir

mohar : seal, stamp

mom : wax, fees box

mona : the blue stone enamel

murda : dead

murg : a fowl, a cock

najdik : near

nalis : a suit

nama : a deed

namak : salt

namaz : prayer

namuna : a pattern, model

narm : soft

nashta : breakfast

166

naspati : a pear

naukar : servant

nawab : governor

nihal : happy

nuksan : loss

pa : the foot

padshah : a king

pahalwan : wrestler

paida : born

palak : eyelids

panja : the hand with the fingers extended, a claw, paw

par : feather, plume

parcha : fragment, slip

parda : a screen, curtain

paresan : perplexed

pari : fairy

parwa : care

parwana : permit

pasand : approval

payakhana : latrine

pazama : trouser

pesha : profession

peskar : the reader of a court

pharmais : order

pir : a holyman, sufi teacher

167

pista : a nut

piyada : a peon

piyala : a cup

piyaz : an onion

pukhta : ripe

pul : a bridge

rajai : a quilt

rajinama : agreement

rasad : rations, share, imports

rasid : an acknowledgement

rasta : a way

rawana : despatch

resham : silk

roj : daily

roshni : light,

rumal : a handkerchief

sabash : bravo

sadi : marriage

safed : white

sahanai : a musical pipe

sahar : city

sakarkand : sweet potato

sakht : hardy, difficult

sakhti : hardness, rigidity

sakkar : sugar

168

sal : a year

sal : a shawl

salana : annual

sam : evening

saman : things

samyana : canopy

sangin : grave, crucial

sarasari : rough estimate, summary

sardar : headman

sardi : catarrh

sarkar : government, district

sarm : shame

sauda : goods, marketing, purchase

saudagar : a merchant

sawari : a rider, a vehicle

saya : petti coat

saza : punishment

sazbaz : ornaments

sew : an apple

sikar : hunting

sikari : hunter

sipahi : a soldier

sira : syrup, juice

sirini : an offering of sweets

sirista : usage, rites, department

169

sirka : viregar

sisa : glass,

sitar : a guitar with three strings

sora : salt petre, nitre

sorwa : broth, soup

sud : profit, interest

sultan : a sovereign

sumari : census

sumor : calculation

supurd : delivery, charge

surma : autimony powder

susti : laziness

taiyar : ready

taja : fresh

takhat : a throne, a low table on seat

takiya : pillow

tang : tight

tankha : salary

taraju : a balance

taratib : arrangement

tej : pointed

tir : an arrow

tofa : some choice article

wakil : a pleader

yad : recollection, remembrance

170

ARABIC WORDS

abwab : taxes

adalat : Court of justice

adat : habit

adaw : respects, salutation

ajib : wonderful

amanat : a deposit

amin : commissioner

amir : richman

ark : essence

arz : request

asal : root

asbab : goods, furniture

ashrafi : gold coin

attar : perfume

azab : punishment

bad : after

bad’l : change

badan : body

bai : selling

bakaya : remaining

bakiya : remainder

baqi : residue, remnant, credit

bikul (bilkul) : entirely

bulbul : nightingale

171

burqa : a veil

dafa : Section, time, true, class

daftar : register roll, office

dakhal : possession, interference

dakhil : arriving

dalil : an argument, reason proof.

darz : registration

daulat : riches, wealth

daura : visit

dawa : medicine

dukkan : shop

duwat : an ink-stand

faisala : decision

fakat : alone, only

farakat : respite

farar : absconded, escaped

fard : a unit

fasadi : mischievous

fauj : army

fayada : profit

fazil : learned Persian

fikar : care, anxiety

foorsat : leisure

fulana : only person/some body

gaeb : absent

172

gaflat : negligence

galta (galat) : wrong

garib/guraba : poor

garz : wish

gulam : slave

gulami : slavery

had : boundary, limit

hairan : worried

hajat : a lock up, need

hakim : a physician, a learned man, a an official empowered with authority

hal : condition

hal’f : an oath,

halak : the throat

halat : circumstance, condition

halwai : a kind of sweet dish

haque : just, right, true

haram : illegitimate

harami : bastard

harkat : activity, mossion

hawa : air

hazam : digestion

hazamat : shaving

hazir : present

haziri : attendance, presence

hifazat : protection, security

173

hisab : accounts, calculation

hisabi : an accountant

hooka : a pipe in which tabacco is smoked

hukm : order

huliya : personal appearance

huzur : the presence of a superior

ijlas : a court

Ijmali : compendious, gross

Ilaka : estate

iman : faith, righteousness

innam : reward

insaan : a human being

iqrar : promise

Ishara : hint

istahar : publication, advertisement

Istimrar : perpetuity

Ittila : information

izzat : honour

Jabr : Strong

Jafran : saffron

Jahar : poison

Jama : collection

Jamana : time, an age

Janjir : a chain

Jari : continue

174

Jarib : a land measuring chain

Jawab : reply

kadi : imprisonment

Kaf : the palm of the hand

kafi : sufficient

Kajeya : quarrel

Kalai : white-wash, tin

kamal : prefection

Kamiz : a shirt

kand : sugar candy

kandil : a candle

karar : promise

Karib : near

kasai : butcher

Kasur : fault

Katal : killing

kayam : standing, staying

khabar : news

khabis : wicked

khair : good

khairat : alms, charity

Khalas : duscharge

khali : empty

Khandaque : a ditch

kharab : bad, rotten

175

kharif : autumn

Khas : special

khasa : fine

khasta : crisp

khat : a letter

khatam : end

khatir : will, sake

khayal : thought, imagination

khayali : imaginary

killa : fort

Kimmat : price

kiraya : rent

kism : kind

kismat : fortune, destiny

kist : installment

kitab : a book

kuful : a lock

kul : all

kurk : confiscation

kursi : chair

lachar : helpless

lifafa : an envelope

maafi : rent free grant, pardon

madrasah : a place of reading, college

magaz : the brain

176

mahakama : department, Court

mahal : a palace, estate

mahasul : customs duty

majboot : strong

majlis : an assembly

makan : a house

makhmal : velvet

maktab : a place of teaching

mal : goods

malik : owner

malikiyat : Proprietary right

malish : rubbing, polish

malum : known

mamla : suit

mana : prevention

manada : proclamation

manafa : profit

manjur : sanctioned

marfat : care of

marji : assent

marqa’a : importance

masal : a torch

masiha : Christ

masjid : a mosque

masnad : a cushion, throne

177

matlab : desire

mauj : wave

mauja : parcels of land

mauka : opportunity

mausim : season, time

mauza : parcels of land

mehenet : labour

meherab : an arch

mijaj : temper, nature

mirza : a prince, a title of the Turk

misaal : example

misri : Egyptian, sugar candy

miyad : term, period

mohalat : respite, time, adjournment

muft, mufat : free, gratis, for nothing

muhabbat : love

muhafiz : a guardian

muharram : the first months of the Islam year

muhasil : revenue

mukam : place , site

mukhtar : an authorised person

mukim : residing, stationed

mulak : a country

mulakat : meeting

mulayam : soft

178

mullah : soft respected religious responsible person

munim : a master

munisi : writer

munsif : a just judge

muqabila : encounter

muqadama : law suit

muqarrar : appointed

murab’ba : preserved fruit

murabbi : a pairon

musafir : a traveller

musalman : Islamic monotheism, follower of Islam

musibat : misfortune

muskil : difficulty

muwakil : a client

nakal : copy

nakas : drawing

naksa : a map, a plan

nala : horse’s shoe nail

nawab : governor

nazar : sight, supervision

nazir : a precedent

nazir : a supervisor

nisan : signal

nizzamat : supreme court of criminal justice

Qabar : a grave

179

Qadam : step

Qadar : worth, value

Qaeda : rule

Qanun : law

Qazi : a judge

rad : cancelled

rafa : settlement

raiyat : a tenant

raji : agreed

rajinama : agreement

rakam : amount

rakba : an area

rasum : fees, duty

saaf : clear

sabik : past, former

sadaqat : truthfulness

sadar : headquarter

safa : clear

safai : cleanliness

sahal : easy

sahi : correct

sahid : martyr.

saitan : wicked, satan

saitani : devilish

sakin : an inhabitant

180

salam : salutation

salam alekum : peace with you, good morning

salis : an arbitrator

saman : summons

samil : included

san : era, year

sanad : charter, grant

sarab : spirit

sarabi : a drunkard

saraf : a money changer

sarai : an inn

sart : condition, term

sarwat : solution of sugar and water

sataranj : chess

sauk : pleasure, fancy

sawal : a query

sawar : a rider

suba : a province

sultan : a sovereign

surat : face, features

suru : beginning

tabala : a pair of kettle drums

tabiyat : mind

tabiz : amulet

tadad : number

181

tadwir : plan, remedy

tahabil : funds

tahasil : collection

takabi (tagavi) : advance loan to cultivator

takat : power

takdir : fate

takid : a reminder

taklif : trouble / problem

takrar : quarrel

talim : teaching

tamadi : period

tamam : whole

tamasuk : bond

tamil : execution

taraf : towards

tarif : praise

tarikh : date

taswir : a picture

tauji : rent roll.

tufan : storm

zabt : restraint

Zal : forgery

Zamin : land, surity, bondsman

Zaria : medium means

Zaroor : necessary

182

Zidd : insistence, contrast

Zimma : trust

Ziyada : more

Zul’m : oppression