Lesson 1: Listening in the

world and inlanguage learning

Can animal

s listen?

Why do

they listen

?

Why does human listen?

What’s listening?O Listening is the ability to identify and

understand what others are saying. This involves understanding a speaker's accent or pronunciation, his grammar and his vocabulary, and grasping his meaning (Howatt and Dakin).

O An able listener is capable of doing these four things simultaneously.

Listening vs. Reading

Reading Listening

Listening vs. Reading

Reading Listening- Take place over space

-- Take place over time

- No grips with features of pronunciation

- Grips with features of pronunciation

- Inner voice/ no interaction

- Interaction

Why listening

is difficult?

Characteristics of the message

Characteristics of the delivery

Characteristics of the listener

Characteristics of the

environment

Bottom-up versus top-down approaches to listening

Bottom-up processing

It refers to deriving the meaning of the text based on the incoming language data, from sound, to word, to grammatical relationships, to meaning. In other words, it is a process of identifying sounds, imposing structure, inferring meaning and anticipating what comes next. Stress, rhythm and intonation also play a role in bottom-up processing.

Top-down processing

OIt refers to utilizing background knowledge and global understanding to derive meaning from and interpret the text.

Why students should listen to English?

Lesson 2

OListening Problem?

Students are trying to understand every word.Students go back trying to understand what a previous word meant.Students just don’t know the most important words.Students don’t recognize the words they know.Students have problems with different accents.Students get tired.Students have mental block.Students are distracted.Students cannot cope without images.Students have hearing problems.

What makes a good listening text?