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Literary Devices

Literary Devices Figurative Language Figurative language is language that is not meant to be taken literally, or word for word. It stirs up your imagination,

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Literary Devices

Figurative LanguageFigurative language is language that

is not meant to be taken literally, or word for word.

It stirs up your imagination, and

makes you see things more clearly. Like what

?

Simile• Similes are comparisons between two

dissimilar things that use the words like or as

• For example:

Her angry eyes burned like a nuclear explosion.

My tummy growled like an angry lion.

My tummy growled as if a lion was inside of me.

Metaphor• Metaphors are comparisons between two

dissimilar things that do not use the words like or as

• For example:

The moon was a lantern

lighting the night sky.

I am peanut butter and my best friend is jelly. Can you think of

one??

Hyperbole• Hyperbole uses extravagant exaggeration

to make a point.

• For example:

I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!

I tried the math problem a thousand times.

Your turn.

Personification• Personification gives human qualities to

nonhuman things, such as nature, animals, objects, or feelings.

• For example:The leaves danced in the wind.

The smell of the coffee called my name. One more time…Mrs. Terry…

Idioms•

• For example:

One more time…

Other Literary Devices

Like what?

Oxymoron• An Oxymoron is a figure of speech in which

opposites are paired for effect.

• For example:I ordered jumbo shrimp at Joe’s Crab Shack.

Bittersweet chocolate is the best kind to use when you’re baking.High school graduation is bittersweet.

Allusion• An allusion is a reference to a person, place, event, or literary work

that a writer expects the reader to recognize and understand. It may come from history, geography, literature, art, music, or religion.

• For example: “How could you be so Dr. Evil?”

Kanye West, Heartless

Symbol• A symbol is an object, person, place, or action that has a

meaning in itself, and that also stands for something larger than itself.

• For example:A dove symbolizes peace.

A black crow or raven symbolizes death.

A wedding ring symbolizes...???

Sound Devices…• Some literary devices focus on the

sound of words rather than their meaning.

Literary DeviceFigurative Language

Repetition• Repetition is when an author repeats a word,

phrase, sentence, or stanza for effect or emphasis.

• Examples: • “Secrets” by One Republic• The chorus or refrain of any song

Rhyme• Rhyme is the repetition of end sounds in two or

more words or phrases that appear close to each other in a poem.

• For example:All day the gusty north wind bore

The loosening drift its breath before;

Low circling round its southern zone,

The sun through dazzling snow-mist shone.

Alliteration• Alliteration is the repetition of a sound at

the beginning of words.

• For example:

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

Other common examples:

Coca-cola, Tiny Tim, Mickey Mouse

Can you think of any you’ve heard?

Onomatopoeia• Onomatopoeia is a word that sounds like

the sound it makes.

• For example, words like:popcracklescreechzipfizz

Can you name one?

Assonance• Assonance is the repetition of vowel

sounds (not a rhyme).

• For example:

Then came the drone of a boat

in the cove.

Consonance• Consonance is the repetition of consonant

sounds at the end or middle of words (not rhyme).

• For example:

The little bitty ant crawled across the field.

Other Important Poetry Vocabulary…

• tone

• theme

• imagery

• stanza

Theme

Tone

Tone• Tone is the writer’s attitude toward a

subject, character, or audience and is conveyed through the author’s choice of diction, imagery, figurative language, details, and syntax.

• (In otherwords, tone is how the author feels about his subject, character, or audience, and he shows it through the words he chooses, and how he puts them together.)

Story Elements

Some words that can describe tone are:

Tone

happy excited angry

sad fearful threatening

thoughtful nervous agitated

ecstatic worried depressed

Belligerent

Nervous Sad

Ecstatic

Tone• For example:

“I cannot go to school today,”Said little Peggy Ann McKay.“I have the measles and the mumps,A gash, a rash, and purple bumps…My tonsils are as big as rocks,I’ve counted sixteen chickenpoxAnd there’s one more –that’s seventeen,And don’t you think my face looks green?”…I have a hangnail, and my heart is…what?What’s that? What’s that you say?You say today is…Saturday?G’bye, I’m going out to play!”

--from “Sick” by Shel Silverstein

Theme• Theme is the central message of a literary work, or the

idea the author wishes to convey about that subject. It is not the same as the subject, which can be expressed in one or two words. (This is a lot like a truism.)

• Possible themes for The Outsiders:

– Not all kids who are in gangs are bad.– People may come from different backgrounds, but we’re all

the same people.– If something bad happens to someone, don’t blame it on

yourself if it’s not really your fault.

Imagery• Imagery consists of words or phrases that the writer

uses to represent persons, objects, actions, feelings, and ideas descriptively by appealing to the senses. [It is important to note that the word touch, taste, etc. is not necessarily used to create the image.]

Example:– We walked into the pitch black room that reeked of death, and

as we flicked on the light we heard a blood-curdling scream.

Non-example:– The room smelled bad.

Stanza• A stanza is a group of related words in a poem, similar to a paragraph of prose but

does not have to have complete sentences.• It’s like a poetry paragraph!

“When the Teacher’s Back is Turned” by Ken Nesbitt

When the teacher’s back is turned

We never scream and shout

Never do we drop our books

and try to freak her out.

No one throws a pencil

At the ceiling of the class.

No one tries to hit the fire alarm

And break the glass.

Stanza 1

Stanza 2

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

1) The wind whistled through the leaves.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

2) I love eating chocolate chip cookies.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

3) Her eyes were burning coals glistening in the dark night.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

4) The precocious girl popped her gum loudly.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

5) The smell of the pasta called my name.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

6) I called you a million times last night!

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

7) Her hair was as soft as silk.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

8) My head hurts so bad that it might explode!

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

9) After the boy threw it, the rock tap danced its way across the lake.

Practice

Identify the figurative language in each sentence:

10) The children were angels when they were signing.