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Little League District 17 – Safety Clinic. Instructor: Mark A. Johnson EMT January 2009. Baseball is the second most commonly played team sport in the United States. Over 160,000 kids under the age of 15, are treated annually in the ER for Baseball/Softball related injuries. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Little LeagueDistrict 17 – Safety Clinic
Instructor:
Mark A. JohnsonEMT
January 2009
IntroductionIntroduction✔ Baseball is the second most commonly played
team sport in the United States.
✔ Over 160,000 kids under the age of 15, are treated annually in the ER for Baseball/Softball related injuries.
✔ Injuries from thrown balls are the most common.
✔ 50% of youth pitchers will sustain an injury during the season.
Legal Aspects Legal Aspects . Good Samaritan Law: Prevents a rescuer who has
voluntarily helped a stranger in need from being sued for ‘ wrongdoing’
. Consent: You need permission from the patient. If the patient is a minor get permission from the parent or legal guardian.
. Implied Consent: Permission to help an unresponsive Patient is assumed.
TopicsTopics
✔ Universal Precautions
✔ First Aid
✔ Proper Techniques for Warm-up/Stretching
✔ Specific Baseball Related Injuries
✔ Minimizing Risk of injury for Pitchers
Universal PrecautionsUniversal Precautions
✔ Universal precautions is a way to limit the spread of disease by preventing contact with blood and body fluids.
✔ . Use PPE ( disposable gloves, eye protection, Mouth shield).
Assess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMSAssess Scene, Assess Victim, Alert EMS
✔ Survey scene to ensure your safety
✔ Check your victim
✔ Call 911 (give description of emergency and location)
✔ Provide appropriate care until EMS arrives
Survey the SceneSurvey the Scene
✔Determine if the scene is safe
✔Determine cause of accident
✔Determine number of victims/bystanders✔NEVER MOVE THE VICTIM (unless immediate life-threatening danger)
Assess VictimAssess Victim✔ Assess level of consciousness
✔ Check for an open airway
✔ Check for breathing
✔ Check for heartbeat
✔ Check for bleeding
Airway, Breathing, CirculationAirway, Breathing, Circulation
✔ Kneel next to victim's head
✔ DO NOT remove safety gear!
✔ Stabilize head and neck
✔ LOOK, LISTEN & FEEL
✔ Chin Lift
✔ Rescue breath (if unnecessary)
✔ Check for signs of life
Sudden IllnessSudden Illness
✔ Confusion or LOC✔ Difficulty breathing✔ Chest pain/pressure✔ Abdominal pain
➢ Severe headache➢ Slurred speech➢ Vomiting➢ Seizures
Care For Sudden IllnessCare For Sudden Illness
✔ Vomiting- place on side
✔ LOC - lay flat and elevate feet
✔ Seizing - Nothing in mouth keep patient from harm
✔ Call “911”
Specific AlimentsSpecific Aliments
✔ Sudden Illness✔ Diabetes✔ Asthma✔ Shock✔ Wounds✔ Burns
➢ Musculoskeletal➢ Choking➢ Poisoning➢ Bites/Stings➢ Heat related injuries
DiabetesDiabetes
✔Type I and Type II✔Eat small meals prior to practice/games✔Identify symptoms
✔Dizziness, Drowsiness, Confusion, Cool skin, diaphoretic and rapid pulse
✔If conscious – give oral sugar✔Call “911”
AsthmaAsthma
✔ Constriction of airways
✔ Exercise, Environment or Stress induced
✔ Bring Inhaler to practice/games
✔ Stop physical activity, sit in cool place, use inhaler
✔ Call “911”
ShockShock
✔ Life threatening condition✔ Severe bleeding✔ Injury✔ Sudden illness✔ Without proper treatment (death may occur)
Signs of ShockSigns of Shock
✔ Restlessness or irritability✔ Altered LOC✔ Cool, pale and diaphoretic✔ Rapid breathing✔ Rapid pulse
Care for ShockCare for Shock
✔ Call “911” immediately✔ Lay flat, elevate feet ✔ Control bleeding✔ Prevent over heating✔ Nothing to drink
WoundsWounds
✔ Avulsion – a portion of skin is torn away.
BruiseBruise
✔ Bleeding occurs under the skin causing discoloration and swelling
LacerationLaceration
✔ Split in the skin by a sharp object.
PuncturePuncture
✔ Piercing of the skin by a sharp object
AbrasionAbrasion
✔ A portion of the skin is rubbed or scrapped away.
Caring for Minor WoundCaring for Minor Wound
✔ ALWAYS use latex gloves when caring for wounds
✔ If risk of splashing – wear protective glasses
✔ Stop bleeding, by applying pressure with clean dry cloth
✔ If bleeding persists, raise wound above heart level
Caring For A Major WoundCaring For A Major Wound
✔ Remember to wear gloves and protective glasses✔ Cover wound with a clean dressing, press firmly✔ Elevate wound above heart level✔ Cover clean dressing with roll bandage✔ If persists, apply 2nd bandage✔ Call “911”
Special Problems . . . Special Problems . . .
✔ Impales Object✔ Splinters✔ Nosebleeds✔ Oral Injury✔ Avulsion of Tooth✔ Amputations
Things to Remember w/WoundsThings to Remember w/Wounds
✔Always wear protective gloves and eyewear✔Call “911” if:
✔ bleeding is bright red and spurts✔ Wound is very deep and large✔ Victim is in sever pain✔ Can not wash the debris from the wound✔ The wound needs stitches
BurnsBurns
✔ Solar Radiation
Burns
Solar Radiation BurnsSolar Radiation Burns
✔ Cool the Burn✔ Protect burn by
staying out of the sun✔ Use SPF 15 or greater
sun screen✔ Cover burned areas
Musculoskeletal InjuriesMusculoskeletal Injuries
✔ Over 200 Bones, over 600 muscles✔ Sprain✔ Strain✔ Growth plate injuries✔ Dislocation✔ Fracture
Muscle CrampsMuscle Cramps
✔ May be sign of heat exhaustion✔ May be due to electrolyte imbalance✔ May be due to dehydration✔ Improper condition✔ Treat with rest, massage area and gentle
stretching
SprainSprain
✔ Tearing of the ligaments at a joint
✔ The joint swells and is painful
✔ Treat with ice initially
➢ Rest joint ➢ Continue rest even if
symptoms are gone➢ inadequate rest may
cause chronic re-injury
StrainStrain
✔ A stretching and/or partial tearing of muscle or tendons
✔ May be caused by working the muscle to hard
✔ Treat with ice initially
➢ Rest joint ➢ Continue rest even if
symptoms are gone➢ inadequate rest may
cause chronic re-injury
Growth Plate InjuryGrowth Plate Injury
✔ May be avulsion, fracture or contusion
✔ Exhibits swelling, tenderness and pain
✔ Treat with ice
✔ Rest
✔ If fracture or avulsion is suspected refer to MD
DislocationDislocation
✔ Joint deformity (may be obvious)
✔ Unable to move affected area
✔ DO NOT REDUCE
✔ Keep immobile
✔ Call parents for transport to hospital
FractureFracture✔For minor fracture
✔ Splint, ice, elevation, all parent to transport to hospital
✔For major fracture✔ Do not move patient✔ If open fracture – place gauze over expose bone✔ Call “911”✔ Apply ice
✔DO NOT REDUCE
ChokingChoking
✔ If conscious, Heimlich maneuver
✔ If unconscious, chest compressions
PoisonPoison
✔ Ingestion
✔ Inhalation
✔ Absorption
Poisoning By IngestionPoisoning By Ingestion
✔ Call “911” or Poison Control✔ Signs - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chest pain,
burns around lips✔ Determine type of poison✔ Do not give anything to eat or drink unless
instruct my EMT
Poison by InhalationPoison by Inhalation
✔ Call “911” or Poison Control
✔ Signs – pale or bluish skin
✔ Remove victim from toxic fumes ASAP
Insect StingsInsect Stings✔ If stung by bee – remove
stinger
✔ Wash area with soap and water
✔ Cover to keep clean
✔ Apply ice to reduce swelling
✔ Apply hydrocortisone cream
✔ Troubling breathing – Call “911”
SpidersSpiders✔Only (2) spiders in US are poisonous
✔ Black Widow✔ Brown Recluse✔ Symptoms – nausea, vomiting,
difficulty breathing, sweating and sever pain
✔ If suspected stung by one of these spiders, wash wound, apply ice & call “911”
Snake BitesSnake Bites
✔ (4) Kinds: Rattlesnake, Water moccasin, copperhead & Coral Snake
✔ Call “911”
✔ Wash wound, immobilize area and keep lower than heart
✔ DO NOT apply ice, cut wound or apply tourniquet
Animal BitesAnimal Bites
✔ Wash area with soap and water
✔ Apply dry dressing✔ DO NOT try to catch
animal✔ If suspect rabid
animal – call “911”
Heat Related IllnessesHeat Related Illnesses
✔ Heat cramps
✔ Heat exhaustion
✔ Heat stroke✔ In hot weather, provide break at
least twice a hour
✔ Allow athletes to drink water at will
✔ NEVER DENY water
Heat CrampsHeat Cramps
✔Painful muscle spasms✔Occur from a combination of water and salt loss✔Tend to occur in the legs and the abdomen
✔ Have victim rest in cool place✔ Provide with cool water✔ Stretch muscle gently and massage area✔ May resume activity once cramp ceases
Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion
✔Blood flow to skin increases, blood flow to vital organ decreases✔ Victim goes into mild shock✔Symptoms:
✔ Normal to below temperature, pale, moist cool skin, headache and exhaustion
✔ Have victim rest in cool place, provide water and void further activity
Heat StrokeHeat Stroke✔ Occurs when heat
exhaustion symptoms are overlooked
✔ Sweating stops
✔ Body temperature rises
✔ Signs: hot, red, dry skin rapid weak pulse, shallowing breathing
➢ Move to cool area, cool water and CALL “911”
➢ Ice to waists, ankles and armpit
➢ DO NOT apply rubbing alcohol
➢ Give 4 oz of H2O every 15
min.
Proper HydrationProper Hydration✔ Avoid sport drinks prior to or
during practice/game
✔ Drinks: Water or Propel
✔ Avoid red drinks
✔ Avoid soda or caffeinated beverages
✔ Ask players to drink water prior to game/practice
Proper Techniques for warm up/stretching
. Do not bounce during stretching. Stretch each muscle for 10 to 15 sec
. Light jog before game
Baseball Related Injuries
. Ankles. Knees
. Shoulders. Rib cage
. Feet Early in the season due to shoes
Risk Of Injury For Pitchers
. Pitch count. Proper Warm Up
. Ice after the game Elbow and Shoulder
Thank You
Have A great Season