Littleford Day Inc.Littleford Day Inc.Where Processing Ideas become Reality.Where Processing Ideas become Reality.

Processing DetergentsProcessing Detergents with Littleford Equipmentwith Littleford Equipment

Littleford Day Inc.Littleford Day Inc. Where Processing Ideas Become Reality.Where Processing Ideas Become Reality.

Littleford Equipment for the Detergent IndustryLittleford Equipment for the Detergent Industry Presentation IndexPresentation Index

Page ContentsPage Contents 4 Our Engineering for Detergents:4 Our Engineering for Detergents: Neutralizing, Mixing, Drying, Densifying.Neutralizing, Mixing, Drying, Densifying. 5 Preparation of Dry Powder Detergents using Dry Neutralization.5 Preparation of Dry Powder Detergents using Dry Neutralization. 6 Wet and Dry Neutralization. 6 Wet and Dry Neutralization. -Comparative Table--Comparative Table- 7 The ”Fluidized-Bed Operation” for Detergent manufacturing.7 The ”Fluidized-Bed Operation” for Detergent manufacturing. 8 Chopper action on Acids dispersion.8 Chopper action on Acids dispersion. 9 Manufacturing options for the FM/FKM Equipment.9 Manufacturing options for the FM/FKM Equipment. 10 How do we build them.10 How do we build them. 11 Our Regular Sizes.11 Our Regular Sizes. 12 Densification of Dry Powder Detergents in our CB Units.12 Densification of Dry Powder Detergents in our CB Units. 13 The Littleford CB High Speed Processor.13 The Littleford CB High Speed Processor. 14 Advanced drying process in the Littleford equipment.14 Advanced drying process in the Littleford equipment. 15 Advantages of the Choppers operation in drying.15 Advantages of the Choppers operation in drying. 16 Granulation in the Littleford equipment.16 Granulation in the Littleford equipment. 1717 Rental Program.Rental Program. 18 Service and Spare Parts.18 Service and Spare Parts. 19 Technical Center: 19 Technical Center: Our Lab. Facilities. Testing/Optimizing your products.Our Lab. Facilities. Testing/Optimizing your products.

Cutting Edge Engineering for:Cutting Edge Engineering for:

Dry Neutralization.Dry Neutralization.Mixing of additional components.Mixing of additional components.Drying.Drying.Densification.Densification.

The specially designed tools in the Littleford FM/FKMThe specially designed tools in the Littleford FM/FKMequipment create a mechanically fluidized bed of materialequipment create a mechanically fluidized bed of materialproviding exceptionally fast and accurate contacting ofproviding exceptionally fast and accurate contacting ofthe acid and powder. Supplementary high speed impactthe acid and powder. Supplementary high speed impactchoppers supply localized high shear fields required for choppers supply localized high shear fields required for the thorough dispersion of the acid. The choppers alsothe thorough dispersion of the acid. The choppers alsoaid in deagglomeration and densification of the product.aid in deagglomeration and densification of the product.

After an excellent neutralization has been accomplished,After an excellent neutralization has been accomplished,blending of the dry neutralized surfactant with the remai-blending of the dry neutralized surfactant with the remai-ning components of the detergent is done in the samening components of the detergent is done in the samevessel. This can be done in a batch or continuous basis.vessel. This can be done in a batch or continuous basis.

Extremely accurate drying so as densification is also done,Extremely accurate drying so as densification is also done,if required, in our FM/FKM machines.if required, in our FM/FKM machines.

Our CB High-Speed Processors, in combination with theOur CB High-Speed Processors, in combination with theKM mixers provide continuous densification of detergents,KM mixers provide continuous densification of detergents,to fully suit demanding market requirements.to fully suit demanding market requirements.

Preparation of Dry Powder Detergents Preparation of Dry Powder Detergents using Dry Neutralization.using Dry Neutralization.

Dry Powder Detergent Formulations are usually composed of a combination of Ionic and/or Non-IonicDry Powder Detergent Formulations are usually composed of a combination of Ionic and/or Non-Ionicsurfactants, builders (such as carbonates, phosphates, silicates, brightening agents, etc.) and inerts.surfactants, builders (such as carbonates, phosphates, silicates, brightening agents, etc.) and inerts.These components are processed to form a dry powder product possessing desirable flow propertiesThese components are processed to form a dry powder product possessing desirable flow propertiesand appearance. There are two generally accepted methods by which to arrive at the final product. and appearance. There are two generally accepted methods by which to arrive at the final product. One is a “Wet” Process and the other is a “Dry” Process.One is a “Wet” Process and the other is a “Dry” Process.In the wet formulation, the product of the sulfonation (a heavy liquid acid) is added to a caustic solu-In the wet formulation, the product of the sulfonation (a heavy liquid acid) is added to a caustic solu-tion. The resulting surfactant is in slurry form. This slurry is homogenized with the other componentstion. The resulting surfactant is in slurry form. This slurry is homogenized with the other componentsof the mix in a vertical stirred tank. The resulting material is a heavy past, which is pumped to a sprayof the mix in a vertical stirred tank. The resulting material is a heavy past, which is pumped to a spraydrying tower where the moisture is removed. The dry, low density, hollow granules are collected at the drying tower where the moisture is removed. The dry, low density, hollow granules are collected at the bottom and may be packaged as it is or may be processed further. Since the trend in today´s market bottom and may be packaged as it is or may be processed further. Since the trend in today´s market is towards densified detergent, this low density product is often densified in additional equipment.is towards densified detergent, this low density product is often densified in additional equipment.In the Dry Process the surfactant is prepared by spraying the liquid acid onto Sodium Carbonate. ThisIn the Dry Process the surfactant is prepared by spraying the liquid acid onto Sodium Carbonate. Thisis known as Dry Neutralization. The resulting surfactant is a dry granular powder. The dry surfactantis known as Dry Neutralization. The resulting surfactant is a dry granular powder. The dry surfactantmay then be blended with the other components of the mix. Since the resulting mix is dry, the costlymay then be blended with the other components of the mix. Since the resulting mix is dry, the costlyspray drying operation is eliminated. A Non-Ionic surfactant is sometimes sprayed onto the productspray drying operation is eliminated. A Non-Ionic surfactant is sometimes sprayed onto the productto enhance flowability and reduce dusting.to enhance flowability and reduce dusting.The manner in which the liquid acid is added to the sodium carbonate is critical. The acid must be The manner in which the liquid acid is added to the sodium carbonate is critical. The acid must be added at a controlled rate and dispersed uniformly to avoid overwetting, which would produce largeadded at a controlled rate and dispersed uniformly to avoid overwetting, which would produce largewe t agglomerates containing unreacted material not suitable for use in the final blending operation.we t agglomerates containing unreacted material not suitable for use in the final blending operation.When processed properly, the product of the dry neutralization will be homogenous in compositionWhen processed properly, the product of the dry neutralization will be homogenous in compositionand particle size. The specially designed mixing tools in the and particle size. The specially designed mixing tools in the Littleford FM/FKM Series MixerLittleford FM/FKM Series Mixer,,create a mechanically fluidized bed of material, providing exceptionally fast and accurate contactingcreate a mechanically fluidized bed of material, providing exceptionally fast and accurate contactingof the acid and powder. High speed impact choppers supply localized high shear fields required forof the acid and powder. High speed impact choppers supply localized high shear fields required forthe thorough dispersion of the acid, and aid in deagglomeration and densification of the product.the thorough dispersion of the acid, and aid in deagglomeration and densification of the product.Blending of the dry neutralized surfactant with the remaining components of the detergent formulationBlending of the dry neutralized surfactant with the remaining components of the detergent formulationis then done. Using the same vessel for both the dry neutralization and final blending is yet anotheris then done. Using the same vessel for both the dry neutralization and final blending is yet anotheradvantage of using advantage of using Littleford DayLittleford Day Technology. Technology.

Wet and Dry Neutralization Wet and Dry Neutralization

The Wet-Type Process.The Wet-Type Process.

In the wet formulation, the product of theIn the wet formulation, the product of thesulfonation (a heavy liquid acid) is addedsulfonation (a heavy liquid acid) is addedto a caustic solution. The resulting surfac-to a caustic solution. The resulting surfac-tant is in a slurry form. This slurry is thentant is in a slurry form. This slurry is thenhomogenized with the other componentshomogenized with the other componentsof the mix in a vertical stirred tank. Theof the mix in a vertical stirred tank. Theresulting material is a heavy paste, whichresulting material is a heavy paste, whichis pumped to a spray drying tower whereis pumped to a spray drying tower wherethe moisture is removed. The dry, low den-the moisture is removed. The dry, low den-sity, hollow granules are formed. Since thesity, hollow granules are formed. Since thetrend in today´s market is towards densi-trend in today´s market is towards densi-fied detergents, this low density product fied detergents, this low density product is often densified in additional equipment.is often densified in additional equipment.

A Comparison between two Processes:A Comparison between two Processes:

The Dry-Type Process.The Dry-Type Process.

The surfactant is prepared by sprayingThe surfactant is prepared by sprayingthe liquid acid onto sodium carbonate.the liquid acid onto sodium carbonate.This is known as Dry Neutralization.This is known as Dry Neutralization.The resulting surfactant is a dry granu-The resulting surfactant is a dry granu-lar powder. The dry surfactant may thenlar powder. The dry surfactant may thenbe blended with the other dry compo-be blended with the other dry compo-nents of the mix. Since the resulting nents of the mix. Since the resulting mix is dry, the costly spray drying ope-mix is dry, the costly spray drying ope-ration is eliminated. A Non-Ionic sur-ration is eliminated. A Non-Ionic sur-factant is sometimes sprayed onto thefactant is sometimes sprayed onto theproduct to enhance flowability andproduct to enhance flowability andreduce dusting.reduce dusting.

No need for costly spray drying.No need for costly spray drying.Simpler, less expensive system.Simpler, less expensive system.Single Vessel for Neutralization andSingle Vessel for Neutralization andMixing of final detergent components.Mixing of final detergent components.

The The Advantages:Advantages:

The “Fluidized Bed” Operation for Mixing & Drying:The “Fluidized Bed” Operation for Mixing & Drying:

Mixing elements areMixing elements aredesigned to force thedesigned to force theproduct into appro-product into appro-piate components ofpiate components ofaxial & radial motionaxial & radial motion..

The unique mixing actionThe unique mixing actionof the FKM series mixersof the FKM series mixersis accomplished by a ho-is accomplished by a ho-rizontal shaft which revol-rizontal shaft which revol-ves at a high rate of speedves at a high rate of speedrapidly projecting and hur-rapidly projecting and hur-ling the mix materials awayling the mix materials awayfrom the vessel wall intofrom the vessel wall intofree space, filling thefree space, filling theentire vessel. The mixingentire vessel. The mixingaction causes the materials action causes the materials to crisscross in the direc-to crisscross in the direc-tion of the vessel walls andtion of the vessel walls andinversely back again, pro-inversely back again, pro-viding a high volume rateviding a high volume rateof material transfer. The of material transfer. The mechanically fluidized bedmechanically fluidized bedof particles is the basis ofof particles is the basis ofit´s mixing efficiency and it´s mixing efficiency and accuracy, including combi-accuracy, including combi-nations with diverse speci-nations with diverse speci-fic gravities as well as otherfic gravities as well as otherproblems such as liquidproblems such as liquidincorporation and heat transfer.incorporation and heat transfer.

High-Speed Blending Choppers enhance mixingHigh-Speed Blending Choppers enhance mixingaction by controlling particle size and trace action by controlling particle size and trace ingredient dispersion, usually without the needingredient dispersion, usually without the needfor additional process steps.for additional process steps.

The unique action created by the movement of theThe unique action created by the movement of themixing elements produce intense but gentle inter-mixing elements produce intense but gentle inter-mingling of the materials of the mix in a mechani-mingling of the materials of the mix in a mechani-cally fluidized bed.cally fluidized bed.

Liquid dispersion is done by sprayingLiquid dispersion is done by sprayingliquids against fluidized powder, byliquids against fluidized powder, byTop and / or Bottom Mounted Nozzles.Top and / or Bottom Mounted Nozzles.

Superb Liquids Dispersion into Powders, through high speed ChoppersSuperb Liquids Dispersion into Powders, through high speed Choppers

Chopper Action, sending fluidized particles upward, againstChopper Action, sending fluidized particles upward, against sprayed liquids flowing in the opposite direction.sprayed liquids flowing in the opposite direction.

(Showing Top Injection Type. Bottom Liquids Injection also available)(Showing Top Injection Type. Bottom Liquids Injection also available)

Material: C.Steel, 304 S.S., 316 SS., Special.Material: C.Steel, 304 S.S., 316 SS., Special. Interior: Std. #120 Grit or higher.Interior: Std. #120 Grit or higher.

Electric's: H.P., TEFC,Expl.Proof.Electric's: H.P., TEFC,Expl.Proof.

Drive Type.Drive Type.Sanitary or Welded DesignSanitary or Welded DesignRPM´s: 1 or 2 Speeds,RPM´s: 1 or 2 Speeds,Variable Speed.Variable Speed.Hydraulic Coupling.Hydraulic Coupling.

Choppers: H.P., TEFC, Expl.ProofChoppers: H.P., TEFC, Expl.Proof Blade TypesBlade Types

Vessel Construction:Vessel Construction:Atmospheric Std.,Atmospheric Std.,Vacuum Rated,Vacuum Rated,Pressure Rated, Pressure Rated, Sanitary Construction. Sanitary Construction. FDA Ratings.FDA Ratings.

Seals: Std. Packing, Seals: Std. Packing, Positive PressurePositive Pressure Mechanical.Mechanical.

Feeding PortsFeeding Ports

Liquid Injection: Tower, Manifold.Liquid Injection: Tower, Manifold.Top and / or Bottom Mountings.Top and / or Bottom Mountings.

Discharge Valve :Discharge Valve :Manual,Pneumatic.Manual,Pneumatic.Ball type, Butterfly,Ball type, Butterfly,Sphericals & SlideSphericals & SlideOptions.Options.

Vacuum System:Vacuum System:Stack (s)Stack (s)Pulse Back Filter (s)Pulse Back Filter (s)Condenser, Receivers.Condenser, Receivers.Vacuum Pumps.Vacuum Pumps.

Special Bases, Load Cells.Special Bases, Load Cells.

Control Panels: Manual, Automatic. RPM ControlControl Panels: Manual, Automatic. RPM Control Batch Times, Amp,Power,ReportsBatch Times, Amp,Power,Reports

Jacket. Std. 75 PSIJacket. Std. 75 PSIOther PSI RatingsOther PSI RatingsHeating & CoolingHeating & Cooling

Plows: Std.,Heat Transfer, BeckerPlows: Std.,Heat Transfer, Becker

Manufacturing Options:Manufacturing Options:

LittlefordLittleford

Shell in Carbon Steel Shell in Carbon Steel 304 SS or 316 SS304 SS or 316 SS #120 Grit finish.#120 Grit finish.

How do we build them:How do we build them:

Mixing Plows designed to createMixing Plows designed to createa fluidized bed and excellenta fluidized bed and excellentthermal transfer.thermal transfer.

ReinforcedReinforcedShafts andShafts andDrives.Drives.Std.Packing,Std.Packing,Air type &Air type &MechanicalMechanicalSealsSeals

Contour discharge Valve, Contour discharge Valve, for No-Dead Spotsfor No-Dead Spots

Jacket designed Jacket designed for high rates offor high rates ofthermal thermal transference.transference.75 PSIG75 PSIG

Vacuum SystemsVacuum Systems

High Speed Choppers, for High Speed Choppers, for granulation control, lump granulation control, lump breaking & dispersionbreaking & dispersion

Standard or Sanitary Construction. Standard or Sanitary Construction. TEFC or Explosion Proof Electric's. TEFC or Explosion Proof Electric's. Full Vacuum or rated for severalFull Vacuum or rated for several Internal Pressure Ratings. Internal Pressure Ratings. Single or Variable Speeds.Single or Variable Speeds.

Access ports with safetyAccess ports with safetylimit switches.limit switches.

Liquid Disper-Liquid Disper-sion Systems.sion Systems.

Pulse Back Pulse Back Filters.Filters.

Our regular FM/ FKM sizes:Our regular FM/ FKM sizes:Working capacity depends on the process, and isWorking capacity depends on the process, and isnormally between 50% and 70% of total capacity.normally between 50% and 70% of total capacity.

TOTAL CAPACITY DIMENSIONS *TOTAL CAPACITY DIMENSIONS * Model Liters Gallons Cu.Ft. A B CModel Liters Gallons Cu.Ft. A B C

FKM-300-D 300 79 11 39” 28” 35” FKM-300-D 300 79 11 39” 28” 35” FKM-600-D 600 159 22 49” 34” 43”FKM-600-D 600 159 22 49” 34” 43”FKM-1200-D 1200 317 42 98” 34” 43”FKM-1200-D 1200 317 42 98” 34” 43”FKM-1200-E 1200 317 42 67” 42” 50”FKM-1200-E 1200 317 42 67” 42” 50”FKM-2000-D 2000 530 71 117” 42” 51”FKM-2000-D 2000 530 71 117” 42” 51”FKM-2000-E 2000 530 71 79” 50” 60”FKM-2000-E 2000 530 71 79” 50” 60”FKM-3000-D 3000 792 106 117” 50” 60”FKM-3000-D 3000 792 106 117” 50” 60”FKM-4200-D 4200 1109 148 136” 54” 68”FKM-4200-D 4200 1109 148 136” 54” 68”FKM-6000-D 6000 1584 212 117” 68” 80”FKM-6000-D 6000 1584 212 117” 68” 80”FKM-8000-D 8000 2113 283 157” 68” 80”FKM-8000-D 8000 2113 283 157” 68” 80”FKM-10000-D 10000 2642 353 198” 68” 80”FKM-10000-D 10000 2642 353 198” 68” 80”FKM-13500-D 13500 3555 495 198” 79” 92”FKM-13500-D 13500 3555 495 198” 79” 92”FKM-15000-D 15000 3960 530 198” 85” 96”FKM-15000-D 15000 3960 530 198” 85” 96”FKM-20000-D 20000 5284 706 198” 95” 107”FKM-20000-D 20000 5284 706 198” 95” 107”FKM-25000-D 25000 6605 883 234” 99” 110”FKM-25000-D 25000 6605 883 234” 99” 110”

AA

BB

CC

* Aprox. Vessel Dimensions* Aprox. Vessel Dimensions Littleford Day Inc.Littleford Day Inc.

Densification of Dry Powdered Detergents:Densification of Dry Powdered Detergents:

Until recently, the manufacture of most dry detergent products relied on the Spray Drying Process toUntil recently, the manufacture of most dry detergent products relied on the Spray Drying Process toproduce a light density powder product (18-22 Lb/Ft3, Aprox). The Spray dried powder consisted ofproduce a light density powder product (18-22 Lb/Ft3, Aprox). The Spray dried powder consisted ofhomogeneous, hollow, spherical particles. Reducing the overall cost of producing dry detergentshomogeneous, hollow, spherical particles. Reducing the overall cost of producing dry detergentsprovided the driving force behind the development of more densified products. Densification of theprovided the driving force behind the development of more densified products. Densification of thedetergent results in reduced packaging costs and waste, reducing shipping costs and smaller shelfdetergent results in reduced packaging costs and waste, reducing shipping costs and smaller shelfspace requirements at the point sale. When leaders in the detergent industry began searching for aspace requirements at the point sale. When leaders in the detergent industry began searching for a process to densify detergents, they quickly arrived at the concept of using a high speed continuousprocess to densify detergents, they quickly arrived at the concept of using a high speed continuous mixer to achieve their goals. A mixer densifies the product by adding work energy to the product via mixer to achieve their goals. A mixer densifies the product by adding work energy to the product via mechanical shear.mechanical shear.The continuous mixer/mixing systems best satisfying industry´s needs are the The continuous mixer/mixing systems best satisfying industry´s needs are the Littleford CB SeriesLittleford CB SeriesHigh Speed ProcessorHigh Speed Processor (as a stand-alone unit), and the CB used in combination with a l arger (as a stand-alone unit), and the CB used in combination with a l arger KMKMSeries Littleford Continuous Ploghshare MixerSeries Littleford Continuous Ploghshare Mixer.. The desired level of densification determines which The desired level of densification determines whichequipment configuration is used. The CB Processor features a jacketed, horizontal, clam shell-typeequipment configuration is used. The CB Processor features a jacketed, horizontal, clam shell-typemixing chamber, with a horizontal shaft with a significant quantity of specially designed feeding andmixing chamber, with a horizontal shaft with a significant quantity of specially designed feeding andmixing tools arranged in a spiral-like pattern, to supply high shear mixing rates and material transport.mixing tools arranged in a spiral-like pattern, to supply high shear mixing rates and material transport.Liquid may be added via a manifold system located at the lower half of the shell.Liquid may be added via a manifold system located at the lower half of the shell.The typical retention time of detergent product in the CB Processor is The typical retention time of detergent product in the CB Processor is 15 to 20 Seconds15 to 20 Seconds. During that. During thattime the product is subjected to intense mechanical shear causing the fragile spray dried granules totime the product is subjected to intense mechanical shear causing the fragile spray dried granules tobreak up and densify. Increases in product density of break up and densify. Increases in product density of up to 50%up to 50% are common (or an increase to 25 to are common (or an increase to 25 to30 Lb/Ft3). If further densification is required, product is then transferred to a 30 Lb/Ft3). If further densification is required, product is then transferred to a Littleford KM MixerLittleford KM Mixer,,which provides additional mechanical shear via the rolling/agglomerating action of the curve-sidedwhich provides additional mechanical shear via the rolling/agglomerating action of the curve-sidedmixing tools. Liquids can also be added in this unit, and high speed impact choppers are used to aidmixing tools. Liquids can also be added in this unit, and high speed impact choppers are used to aidin both liquid dispersion and lumps breaking. Common retention times in the KM Mixers are 5-10 Min.in both liquid dispersion and lumps breaking. Common retention times in the KM Mixers are 5-10 Min.Final product densities of Final product densities of 45 Lb/Ft345 Lb/Ft3, or greater are achieved, increasing original density up to 100%., or greater are achieved, increasing original density up to 100%.

Littleford CB High Speed Processor:Littleford CB High Speed Processor:

High ShearHigh ShearDensificationDensificationZoneZone

Mixing &Mixing &PredensificationPredensificationZoneZone

DinamicallyDinamicallyBalancedBalancedHigh SpeedHigh SpeedShaft.Shaft.

ChargingCharging ZoneZone

Tangential Liquid LancesTangential Liquid Lanceson Bottom- Top, Optionalon Bottom- Top, Optional

Heating/CoolingHeating/CoolingJacket (TopJacket (Top& Bottom Shell)& Bottom Shell)

Pneumatic Control ofPneumatic Control ofDischarge GateDischarge Gate

ChargeChargeChuteChute

DoubleDouble RowRowSpherical Spherical BearingsBearings

Throughput (Lbs/Hr)Throughput (Lbs/Hr)Model No. Minimum MaximumModel No. Minimum Maximum

CB-30 900 4,500CB-30 900 4,500CB-50 5,400 27,000CB-50 5,400 27,000CB-60 9,900 49,000CB-60 9,900 49,000CB-75 19,000 95,000CB-75 19,000 95,000CB-100 30,000 150,000CB-100 30,000 150,000

Densification of Detergents throughDensification of Detergents throughaddition of high shear input rates.addition of high shear input rates.

Ideal for the densification of detergent powders. TypicalIdeal for the densification of detergent powders. Typical retention time of detergent productis 15 to 20 seconds. During thatretention time of detergent productis 15 to 20 seconds. During that time the product is subjected to intense mechanical shear, causingtime the product is subjected to intense mechanical shear, causing the fragile spray dried granules to break up and densify. Increasesthe fragile spray dried granules to break up and densify. Increases in product density of up to 50%in product density of up to 50% If further densification is required,If further densification is required, product is then transferred to a KMproduct is then transferred to a KM series continuous mixer, deliveringseries continuous mixer, delivering up to 100% density increase.up to 100% density increase.

To an optional KM Continuous Mixer, for up to 100% DensificationTo an optional KM Continuous Mixer, for up to 100% DensificationLittleford Day Inc.Littleford Day Inc.

Dry ProductDry Product

LittlefordLittlefordDryer.Dryer.

Wet ProductWet Product

Heated Pulse BackHeated Pulse BackFilter with Stack.Filter with Stack.

CondenserCondenser

RecoveryRecoveryTank.Tank.

VacuumVacuum Pump.Pump.

Advanced Drying TechnologyAdvanced Drying Technology

1.-High efficiency drying of Suspensions, pastes, and bulk materials.1.-High efficiency drying of Suspensions, pastes, and bulk materials.2.-Fast drying cycles and discharge.2.-Fast drying cycles and discharge.3.-Allows efficient drying of sensitive materials at low Temperatures.3.-Allows efficient drying of sensitive materials at low Temperatures.4.-Complete dispersion of agglomerates, lumps and fiber bundles.4.-Complete dispersion of agglomerates, lumps and fiber bundles.5.-Homogeneous mixing of dissimilar ingredients.5.-Homogeneous mixing of dissimilar ingredients.6.-Drying operations from liquid state to free-flowing powder in one vessel.6.-Drying operations from liquid state to free-flowing powder in one vessel.7.-Allows liquid addition during processing.7.-Allows liquid addition during processing.8.-Adapts itself to effective recovery of costly solvents.8.-Adapts itself to effective recovery of costly solvents.9.-Eliminates need for additional processing equipment.9.-Eliminates need for additional processing equipment.

The Key to this State-of-the Art drying The Key to this State-of-the Art drying technology is the unique, mechanicallytechnology is the unique, mechanicallyfluidized ploughshare action which agi-fluidized ploughshare action which agi-tates and individualize the solid parti-tates and individualize the solid parti-cles to be dried. The ploughshare actioncles to be dried. The ploughshare actionforces the product into a 3-dimensionsforces the product into a 3-dimensionsmotion that individualizes each particle,motion that individualizes each particle,continuosly exposing tremendous surfacecontinuosly exposing tremendous surfacearea for drying. The particles constantlyarea for drying. The particles constantlycontact one another, and the heated inte-contact one another, and the heated inte-rior walls of the jacketed vessel furtheringrior walls of the jacketed vessel furtheringthe drying process. Our dryers are also the drying process. Our dryers are also equipped with independently operated, equipped with independently operated, high shear choppers, to reduce the particlehigh shear choppers, to reduce the particlesize of the lumps or agglomerates, to expo-size of the lumps or agglomerates, to expo-se undried materials and ensure thoroughlyse undried materials and ensure thoroughlydried particle interior. Deagglomerationdried particle interior. Deagglomerationfurther shortens drying time.further shortens drying time.

Advance Drying:Advance Drying:

MM

OO IISSTTUURREE

DRYING TIMEDRYING TIME

PASTE GRANULE POWDERPASTE GRANULE POWDER

Internal DryingInternal Dryingwithout Chopperswithout Choppers

External DryingExternal Dryingwith Chopperswith Choppers

The action of the turbulent plows and the high shear choppers reduce the forming lumpsThe action of the turbulent plows and the high shear choppers reduce the forming lumpsto smaller granules, thus exposing large amounts of new surface area for drying.to smaller granules, thus exposing large amounts of new surface area for drying.

Advanced Drying:Advanced Drying:The Chopper Advantages.The Chopper Advantages.

GranulationGranulation

Cycle TimeCycle Time

PPooww

eerr

DDeemmaanndd

Large GranulesLarge Granules

Medium GranulesMedium Granules

Small GranulesSmall Granules

Stop LiquidStop LiquidAdditionAddition

StartStartDry MixDry Mix

Start Start Liquid AdditionLiquid Addition

Granulation ValidationGranulation ValidationCycle Time vs Power (Watts)Cycle Time vs Power (Watts)

Littleford mixers/granulators, equippedLittleford mixers/granulators, equippedwith plow-like mixing tools, develop anwith plow-like mixing tools, develop anintermediate intensity mix action, whichintermediate intensity mix action, whichis gentle, yet thorough. This action isis gentle, yet thorough. This action issupplemented by high shear choppers,supplemented by high shear choppers,which quickly disperse minor liquid, orwhich quickly disperse minor liquid, orpowder ingredients.powder ingredients.In a typical run, the excipient and theIn a typical run, the excipient and thepowdered active ingredient are chargedpowdered active ingredient are chargedto the static granulator and mixed, withto the static granulator and mixed, withchoppers, for several minutes, until thechoppers, for several minutes, until thepower curve levels off, indicating thatpower curve levels off, indicating thatdispersion is complete. Then the agglo-dispersion is complete. Then the agglo-merating liquids are sprayed into themerating liquids are sprayed into theactive chopper field, where t hey are active chopper field, where t hey are quickly dispersed into the batch.quickly dispersed into the batch.The degree of granulation, and thus theThe degree of granulation, and thus theamount of power utilized, is dependentamount of power utilized, is dependentupon the amount of liquid added to theupon the amount of liquid added to thebatch, so as of the wet mix batch time.batch, so as of the wet mix batch time.The action of the plows causes “snow-The action of the plows causes “snow-balling”; the choppers generates small,balling”; the choppers generates small,granules.granules.

For a Given:For a Given:

Liquid Level: More Wet-Mix Time = Material more wet out,Liquid Level: More Wet-Mix Time = Material more wet out, Higher Power used &Higher Power used & More uniform particles. More uniform particles.

Wet-Mix Time: Higher Liquid Level = Material more wet out,Wet-Mix Time: Higher Liquid Level = Material more wet out, Higher Power used &Higher Power used & larger granule size.larger granule size.

Rental ProgramsRental ProgramsIn addition to our Process Development & Testing Programs, ourIn addition to our Process Development & Testing Programs, ourRental Program offers a unique opportunity to test our processingRental Program offers a unique opportunity to test our processingequipment in your own Plant. equipment in your own Plant.

Batch Mixing / ProcessingBatch Mixing / ProcessingPloughshare Units, bothPloughshare Units, bothfor atmospheric / vacuumfor atmospheric / vacuumand Pressure Ops. : Fromand Pressure Ops. : FromTable-Top 5 & 20 Lts unitsTable-Top 5 & 20 Lts unitsto Pilot 130 Lts. Machinesto Pilot 130 Lts. MachinesLarger sizes are available.Larger sizes are available.

FA-3.5 Mixer, Nauta-Type,FA-3.5 Mixer, Nauta-Type,for special mixing / dryingfor special mixing / dryingrequirements. 24.6 Gallonsrequirements. 24.6 GallonsWorking Capacity.Working Capacity.

W-10 High - IntensityW-10 High - Intensityvertical mixer, for PVCvertical mixer, for PVCCompounding and /or Compounding and /or other applications req-other applications req-uiring High-Shear Op. uiring High-Shear Op. Ten Liters Capacity.Ten Liters Capacity.

Daymax # 10 Dispersers,Daymax # 10 Dispersers,for high quality dispersionsfor high quality dispersionsof solids into liquids, suchof solids into liquids, suchas plastisol, varnish, paint,as plastisol, varnish, paint,and other applications. and other applications.

A portion of the rental cost, under this program, will be appliedA portion of the rental cost, under this program, will be applied to the purchase of any related Littleford Day Equipment.to the purchase of any related Littleford Day Equipment.

Service & Spare PartsService & Spare Parts

Exclusive Dept. for Exclusive Dept. for customer assistance.customer assistance.

Laboratory for Laboratory for formulations & formulations & optimization.optimization.

Specialized Field Specialized Field Service Engineers.Service Engineers.

Stock of common Stock of common required parts.required parts.

Top American Mfrd. Top American Mfrd. Parts: SKF, Falk, Parts: SKF, Falk, Chesterton, etc.,etc.Chesterton, etc.,etc.

Assistance in Assistance in Spanish, if required.Spanish, if required.

Process Development & TestingProcess Development & Testing

Minutes away from Greater Cincinnati Airport, Our Lab. CenterMinutes away from Greater Cincinnati Airport, Our Lab. Centeris fully equipped with all the required machinery for productis fully equipped with all the required machinery for productdevelopment: Mixers, Dryers, Reactors, Granulators, Intensivedevelopment: Mixers, Dryers, Reactors, Granulators, IntensiveMixers-Coolers and support equipment such as filtering andMixers-Coolers and support equipment such as filtering andvacuum drying systems.vacuum drying systems.

CosmeticsCosmeticsDetergents & SoapsDetergents & SoapsFoundry AdditivesFoundry AdditivesPharmaceuticalPharmaceuticalCeramicsCeramicsFertilizers/SeedsFertilizers/SeedsRubberRubberMortar MixesMortar MixesBrake LiningsBrake LiningsPowdered MetalsPowdered MetalsHerbicidesHerbicidesFlame Retardant ChemicalsFlame Retardant ChemicalsPigments & Color FlushingPigments & Color FlushingBMC & SMC Plastics.BMC & SMC Plastics.Color ConcentratesColor ConcentratesPVC CompoundingPVC CompoundingCoatingsCoatingsPlastisolsPlastisolsAdhesives & CaulksAdhesives & CaulksInks & VarnishInks & VarnishChemicalReactions & DryingChemicalReactions & DryingCellulose ReactionsCellulose ReactionsSpicesSpicesChocolate processingChocolate processingGelatin & Powdered drinksGelatin & Powdered drinksBakery MixesBakery MixesInstantanizationInstantanization

IndustrialIndustrialRoad (1 Mi)Road (1 Mi)

Donaldson Rd.Donaldson Rd.

Turfway Rd.Turfway Rd.

U.S. 42U.S. 42

Exit 180Exit 180Florence Florence UnionUnion

Greater Greater CincinnatiCincinnatiAirportAirport

I-275I-275I-75I-75

To LexingtonTo Lexington

To CincinnatiTo Cincinnati

7451 Empire Drive7451 Empire DriveFlorence, KY. 41042-2985Florence, KY. 41042-2985

(1/2 Mi)(1/2 Mi)

Bring Us Your ToughestBring Us Your ToughestMixing, Drying & ReactingMixing, Drying & ReactingProblems.Problems.

Technical Center Main Equipment:Technical Center Main Equipment:

FM-130 Mixer/Processor PloughshareFM-130 Mixer/Processor PloughshareDVT-130 Polyphase ReactorDVT-130 Polyphase ReactorKM-150 Continuous Mixer/ProcessorKM-150 Continuous Mixer/ProcessorM-5 Lab. Mixer & DryerM-5 Lab. Mixer & DryerW-180/K-300 PVC CompounderW-180/K-300 PVC CompounderW-10 High Intensity MixerW-10 High Intensity MixerDaymax 10 Pastes DisperserDaymax 10 Pastes DisperserDaymax 100 Pastes DisperserDaymax 100 Pastes DisperserMixtruder Sigma Double-Arm MixerMixtruder Sigma Double-Arm MixerMogul Tangential Sigma MixerMogul Tangential Sigma MixerCincinnatus Overlapping Sigma MixerCincinnatus Overlapping Sigma MixerFA-10 Nauta ProcessorFA-10 Nauta Processor

Main Office: Florence, Ky. Ph.- (606) 525-7600. Fax: 525-1446Main Office: Florence, Ky. Ph.- (606) 525-7600. Fax: 525-1446Latin America: Mexico Cy.Ph.- (52-5)550-9459. Fax: 550-9459Latin America: Mexico Cy.Ph.- (52-5)550-9459. Fax: 550-9459