LIVELIHOOD ZONING ACTIVITY IN LIBERIA - UPDATE · ecological differences within other countries, e.g. the high mountain to low rangeland of Kenya and Ethiopia, or the Sahara sands

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LIVELIHOOD ZONING ACTIVITY IN LIBERIA - UPDATE A SPECIAL REPORT BY THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM NETWORK (FEWS NET)

May 2017

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LIVELIHOOD ZONING ACTIVITY IN LIBERIA - UPDATE A SPECIAL REPORT BY THE FAMINE EARLY WARNING SYSTEM NETWORK (FEWS NET) April 2017

This publication was prepared by Stephen Browne and Amadou Diop for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), in collaboration with the Liberian Ministry of Agriculture, USAID Liberia, WFP, and FAO. The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government.

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Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 5 Background and Introduction......................................................................................................... 6 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 8 National Livelihood Zone Map .......................................................................................................12 National Seasonal Calendar ..........................................................................................................13 Timeline of Shocks and Hazards ....................................................................................................14 Livelihood Zone Descriptions ........................................................................................................15 Livelihood Zone 1: North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil .......................................................................15 Livelihood Zone 2: North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening .......................................18 Livelihood Zone 3: South-East Rice with Cassava .............................................................................21 Livelihood Zone 4: Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing................................................23 Livelihood Zone 5: Coastal Fishing and Cassava ...............................................................................26 Livelihood Zone 6: Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting .................................................................28 Livelihood Zone 7: Border Cacao and Coffee Farming ......................................................................30 Livelihood Zone 8 - Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops................................................................33 Livelihood Zone 9 - Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment ....................36 Livelihood Zone 10 – Mining/Concession and Farming Zone .............................................................38 Annex I – List of workshop participants ..........................................................................................40 Annex II – Clans by Livelihood Zone ...............................................................................................41

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Acknowledgements

This work was done by Famine Early Warning Systems Network in collaboration with its partners: the

government of Liberia including the Ministry of Agriculture, the Food and Agriculture Organization and

the World Food Programme.

A special recognition goes out to Mr. Patrick Worzie, Assistant Minister for Planning and Development in

the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), who is to be thanked for his cooperation, especially in the

organization of the workshop and his identification of county participants. A special thank you goes to all

the participants1 themselves for taking a very active and enthusiastic role in the workshop, and for

engaging in meaningful discussions and providing quality information for a coherent outcome.

The zoning exercise was facilitated by Mr. Stephen Browne and Mr. Amadou Diop of FEWS NET.

1 Participants are listed in ANNEX 1

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Acronyms and Abbreviations

AGRHYMET Regional Centre for Training & Applications in Agrometeorology & Operational Hydrology

CILSS Permanent Inter-State Committee for the Drought Control in the Sahel

FAO Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FEWS NET The Famine Early Warning Systems Network

HEA Household Economy Analysis

LZ Livelihood Zone

MoA Ministry of Agriculture

PPR Peste des petits ruminants

WFP United Nations World Food Programme

http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13983.PDF

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Background and Introduction This exercise was a verification of the livelihood zoning that was conducted under the aegis of the

Regional Centre for Training and Applications in Agrometeorology and Operational Hydrology

(AGRHYMET), a specialized institution of CILSS (the Permanent Inter-State Committee for Drought

Control in the Sahel), and the Ministry of Agriculture of Liberia in late 2016. The 2016 workshop included

participation from experts in Monrovia rather than those currently working at the county level;

therefore it was recommended that a separate activity be scheduled to verify zone boundaries. The

results of the livelihood zone verification exercise included in this report aimed to corroborate

information from the 2016 livelihood zone update by including the participation of Ministry of

Agriculture county representatives. In addition to the county-level experts, FEWS NET invited

representatives from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Food Programme and Food for

Peace Officers from USAID.

The national livelihood mapping and zoning verification workshop in Liberia was held from April 17

through 19, 2017 in Monrovia. This report draws heavily from both the report produced by AGRHYMET

in 2016 and the 2010 report produced by FEWS NET.

The overall objective of this activity aims to improve the understanding of rural livelihoods and to

identify vulnerabilities to shocks according to geographical location, thereby constituting a sampling

framework for future analyses based on livelihoods. This report presents the findings of the zoning

workshop and includes both the national zoning map, brief descriptions of each zone, seasonal and

access calendars and an account of the map construction process.

The two geographically prominent kinds of livelihood zone – rice dominant and cassava dominant –

reflect a fundamental ecological divide in the country. This is between the coastal plain and the

elevation of the interior up to the borders with Guinea and Ivory Coast. Apart from a couple of high

ridges, the elevation is mostly below 500 meters above sea level, but it is enough to tip Liberia into a

general slope across which the major drainage of the country runs, many of the major rivers originating

in the highlands of southern Guinea and finally issuing into the Atlantic at points along the Liberian

coast. Cassava is grown in greatest volume on the coastal plain, whilst rice (virtually all rain-fed or in

swampland rather than irrigated) dominates the higher hinterland. However, between the north-west,

center and the south-east there are sufficient differences in the crop production scene to warrant a

division of the main rice areas into three zones. But it has to be said that in comparison to the dramatic

ecological differences within other countries, e.g. the high mountain to low rangeland of Kenya and

Ethiopia, or the Sahara sands to savannah/Guinean vegetation in Sahel countries, Liberia has only

moderate variation in ecology, rainfall patterns and hazards. We have settled on nine zones (including

the periphery of Monrovia itself) by emphasizing certain special features of areas which nevertheless all

sit squarely on the base economy of rice-with-cassava or cassava-with-rice. On the other hand, that

difference in the base economy is strong enough for it not to be masked by the fact that Liberia is a

heavy net importer of staple rice, and the consumption of imported rice, rather than being confined

essentially to an urban population, is part of the diet of rural people across the country.

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Apart from climatic or ecological differences, a major element in distinguishing economic areas is their

relative access to the Monrovia market, which inter alia encourages local rice sales in the northern half

of the country. That market represents the demand of as much as one-third of the national population

for farm produce, fish, goods, and even labor. The Rubber and Charcoal LZ 8 exists precisely because a)

rubber plantations were situated on land not too far from the port and b) the nearby city demand for

charcoal particularly favors the road-oriented population who have access to abandoned rubber trees.

At the other end of the country, South-East Rice (LZ 3) is largely defined by its isolation from Monrovia

and the resulting absence of marketing opportunities. There is no paved road towards the capital along

which goods can easily be moved, and indeed local villages are cut off even from local centers during the

rains.

Given that some combination of rice and cassava cultivation is ubiquitous, it is sometimes secondary

products that distinguish a livelihood zone. In the hunting zone (LZ 6) the people are actually essentially

farmers by vocation, even often nearly self-sufficient in food. But the income from bushmeat is

considered important enough and distinctive enough to justify making this a separate zone. Once again

Monrovia is an important market for this product, at least in dried form. Though we do not have an

inland fishing zone for the same reason, it is not because fishing is insignificant but because it is

widespread across the rivers and creeks of the entire coastal plain and beyond. There is no particular

area of any size with an intensive inland fishing economy. Hunting is also widespread around the

country, but in the forested areas that are combined as the hunting zone, the resource and its profits

are far above average. By the same token, sea fish earnings by people on and near the coast are far

more fundamental to the livelihoods of coastal villages than inland fishing is to the villages of the

cassava belt (LZ 4), and so the coastal fishing zone (LZ 5) has been distinguished.

But it is not always an easy matter to decide whether a certain form of production or income should

generate a separate zone. There is some temptation to compromise by creating sub-zones, although

that was avoided by the workshop participants, who created the draft livelihood map together. This is

fortunate, because sub-zones can easily become a step along the road to recognizing numerous

localized differences, so that a quite unwieldy map of thirty or forty “zones” would replace the map of

ten.

Surface gold mining, and to a lesser extent diamond mining, are found in many localities across the

country. But there are certain areas of concentration, and six large areas were proposed in the

workshop to be combined as a mining-plus-food-crops livelihood zone separate from the rice-dominant

zones. The verification exercise brought mixed information as to the importance of mining to ordinary

rural households as opposed to a minority who may invest most of their available labor to mining work,

joining numerous immigrants at mining camps.

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Methodology

This Livelihood Zoning project has been carried out using a rapid livelihood assessment approach that

aims to identify and describe trends and patterns in livelihoods that can be used as a starting point for

early warning analysis. It is based on the Household Economy Analysis (HEA) framework that FEWS NET

uses as a foundation for its livelihood activities.

The Household Economy Approach defines a “livelihood zone” as a geographical area where households

rely on the same means – production systems and access to markets – to meet their life and livelihood

needs, particularly their food and cash income. The mapping of livelihood zones is the first step of the

HEA analytical framework. This step includes a division of homogeneous “access areas” (access to food

and income-generating activities) and the description of said zones. The descriptions offer preliminary

information on the geographical characteristics of each zone and the main sources of food and income,

with some distinction between poorer and wealthier households.2 Seasonal calendars present the

timing of production and market activities by zone, and separate food and income access calendars

focus on the livelihoods of the poorer households. A list of the most common food risks affecting each

zone and common coping strategies used by local households are also included in the descriptions.

In the following steps of the HEA analytical framework, these “access areas” form the sampling

framework for subsequent baseline field studies that include (a) a socio-economic breakdown of the

population within the zone and (b) a quantification of the typical sources of food and income, as well as

the main expenses, for each wealth group. These baselines then constitute reference databases to

which food security seasonal assessments (at national and regional levels) can refer. Analysts have

access to the tools needed to make predicative analyses of food security for the year to come (the HEA

Outcome Analysis tools).

Livelihood zoning offers a particular view of economic geography associated with Household Economy

Analysis (HEA), a widely used methodology for the assessment of food security with reference to whole

livelihoods in their various geographical contexts. The boundaries of different rural economies do not

generally coincide with administrative boundaries, but government and agency activities generally do.

Therefore, the livelihood zones map is usually seen with administrative units superimposed, so that

populations can be identified both by livelihood zone and by their administrative location.

The livelihood maps and descriptions form part of the knowledge base for food security assessment on a

national level. In and of themselves, they do not provide a complete system for food security monitoring

or analysis. However, they establish a geographical livelihood framework for assessing periodic shocks,

so that monitoring data on production, prices and other indicators can be considered in a logical and

informed manner to allow some effects to be estimated and to plan responses. When associated with

full HEA baseline information and scenario modelling, they are part of a more complete system of

2 Wealth is determined by local standards, not international.

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analysis. But in the meantime, rapid assessment teams and others may consider the advantages of using

livelihood zones as the sampling base for their surveys.

In any country it would be possible to find a plethora of livelihood zones based on localized economic

differences. For NGOs working in specific territories or smaller geographical units, a more localized

resolution can be beneficial to refine their understanding of lifestyles at the local level, providing a

localized geographical framework for nutritional analysis or other type of investigations. However,

national information systems (including early warning systems) must analyze the whole country and,

therefore, require a lower level of resolution that represents the basic geography of livelihoods in the

country and offers a manageable number of zones that can be studied and monitored regularly with

limited human and financial resources.

1. The essential resources necessary for livelihood zoning are people with substantial knowledge of

geographic conditions and local livelihoods, who can offer and compare their own knowledge and

work together to map out national livelihoods. The workshop participants were mainly government

actors, with the participation of national NGOs (see Annex 1). It must be noted that available

statistical data on a country’s resources are almost never at a level of discreteness, reliability and

comparability to allow a statistical calculation of livelihood zones. A major problem with national

data is that they are based on administrative units rather than according to economic geography;

thus, analyses based on this information often merge two (or more) ecological or agro-economic

zones, greatly diluting the discrete in the same document d the results with the 2010 livelihood zone

map and the recent livelihood zoning exercises conducted in the neighboring countries of Guinea,

Sierra Leone and Ivory Coast.

2. The zoning workshop in Monrovia began with an introductory presentation on the HEA

methodology and its uses, followed by a session on the livelihood zoning process.

3. The participants used the zones from 2010 and 2016 and brainstormed a list of livelihood zones in

the country, then started sketching the livelihood zones in a plenary session with comments from

other participants and colleagues, making additions and progressive changes to the map (Figure 1).

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T

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Three main criteria are taken into account for the livelihood zoning exercise. These are:

• Geography: climate and physical factors (precipitation, temperature, altitude, seasonal calendar,

soil types, vegetation, infrastructure, etc.). These factors determine what households can produce

and the markets they can access.

• Production system: this determines what households actually produce in a given geographical area.

• Market access: physical access to markets and marketing networks available to households to sell

their production and their labor and to access goods and services.

4. Once the initial sketch was completed in the plenary session, participants were divided into working

groups to examine the different regions in more depth and to revise the exact location and

boundaries of the livelihood zones. Referencing the draft map, every clan in the country was

assigned to a livelihood zone during group work. The facilitators used this opportunity to probe

participants on boundaries and explore nuances found at the clan level.

5. Participants were next asked to fill in a description form for each of the livelihood zones with the

following information:

a) Characteristics of the geography of the zone;

b) Preliminary information on the main sources of food and income (including the distinction between

“poor” households and “better-off” households);

c) Information on the major markets and the trade flows of the most important goods;

Figure 1. Part of first sketch of the livelihood zone map

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d) Most common hazards that affect that zone and the common coping strategies used by poor

households;

e) Timing of production activities;

f) Food and income access calendars for poor households;

g) Preliminary list of clans included in the livelihood zone.

6. Summary descriptions were presented by each group for validation. Finally, the names of the zones

were reviewed and agreed upon in plenary session.

For more details on the Household Economy Analysis and principles, please visit the livelihoods section

on www.fews.net or download the paper “Application of the Livelihood Zone Maps and Profiles for

Food Security Analysis and Early Warning”.

http://www.fews.net/

http://v4.fews.net/docs/Publications/Guidance_Application%20of%20Livelihood%20Zone%20Maps%20and%20Profiles_final_en.pdf

http://v4.fews.net/docs/Publications/Guidance_Application%20of%20Livelihood%20Zone%20Maps%20and%20Profiles_final_en.pdf

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National Livelihood Zone Map

Livelihood Highlights

Risk of food insecurity in a normal year is low in most zones in Liberia, largely due to an annual rainfall average of between 2500 and 5000 mm, which supports sustained agricultural production.

The south-eastern area of the country, including Zone 3 and parts of Zones 4 and 6, is at slightly higher risk of food insecurity due to a number of factors. These include: rainfall in this area can be erratic, households are highly dependent on their own production for food, and markets are less well integrated into national marketing system, as access to the south-east is very difficult during the rainy season.

Almost every livelihood zone is dependent on some combination of rice and cassava production for food and/or income, plus some additional activity such as vegetable production, cash crop production (cacao and coffee), and hunting or fishing for consumption and sale.

Shocks that typically impact livelihoods include staple food price spikes, erratic rainfall, excessive rainfall and crop pests such as grasshoppers and groundhogs.

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National Seasonal Calendar

Seasonal Calendar Key Points

The lean season occurs in most livelihood zones in Liberia from July through September, in advance of the mid-October rice harvest; the exception is in the south-east of the country, from April through July, in advance of the August rice harvest.

Periods of peak rainfall, from June through October, are of concern because of the risk of flooding. This period of higher risk also coincides with the lean season and its corresponding risk of staple food price rises, as well as the peak malaria period.

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Timeline of Shocks and Hazards

Year Main events (negative or positive)

2016 Caterpillar infestation affected crops and water sources in areas in Nimba, Bong, Lofa, Bomi, Gbarpolu, Grand Cape Mount, Margibi and Grand Bassa Counties Floods following high rainfall patterns in Sinoe, Montserrado, Grand Gedeh, River Gee, Grand Kru and Maryland Counties Crops damage by wild animals in Gbarpolu, Lofa, Bomi, Grand Gedeh, Montserrado (Buffalo, elephants, rodents, grasshoppers, etc.) Goat disease outbreak (PPR) outbreak in Grand Cape Mount Forest fire in Lofa Increase in food prices (rice and palm oil)

2015 Caterpillar infestation affected crops and water sources Floods in Grand Cape Mount, Montserrado Relocation of farmers in mining concessions areas in Nimba County Goat disease outbreak (PPR) in Lofa, Bong, Bomi, Grand Gedeh, Cape Mount, and Nimba Nation-wide paddy purchase funding program has significantly increased paddy production in Nimba, Bong, Lofa, Cape Mount, Gbarpolu

2014 Ebola Outbreak Caterpillar infestation affected crops and water sources

2013 Bumper harvest in Nimba

2012 Caterpillar infestation in Maryland, Bong, Grand Gedeh, Nimba, River Gee Floods in Nimba, Grand Gedeh and Montserrado

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Livelihood Zone Descriptions

Livelihood Zone 1: North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil

Key Livelihood Activities This is the northern-most livelihood zone, encompassing the greater part of Lofa County, a good part of Gbarpolu County, and the northern part of Bong County. It contains some of the highest elevations of the country in the Wologizi and Wonegizi Ranges, a southern spur of the Guinea highlands, which also originate in Lofa. The Lawa and St. Paul rivers also run through this livelihood zone. As with most of the country north of the coastal plain, this zone generally has rainfall volumes that are high by West Africa regional standards at 2,200-2500 mm per annum, but distinctly lower than the Liberian coastal areas. Upland rice is the main type of rice produced in the zone and it sown broadcast on rain-fed fields. It is the major staple, but is backed up by cassava as the second staple. Although larger farmers are able to market rice in response to the Monrovia demand in particular, this is not a major surplus area (there is currently no such area in the country) and the smaller farmers commonly run out of rice stocks long before the next harvest and then buy (mostly imported) rice on the market. During the lean period, between June and August the less-preferred cassava, dug up as required, becomes particularly important. Other crops grown in the zone include: groundnuts, vegetables, peppers, cowpeas, maize and fruit. Cultivated palm trees are limited to smallholders, and most of the

marketed palm oil comes from wild trees, which are prevalent

throughout the zone. The zone is a net exporter of palm oil to other

parts of the country, especially to Monrovia, and to neighboring

countries, especially Guinea and Sierra Leone. Poorer households

gather, process and sell wild palm from February through June.

Other income generating activities include casual labor, small-scale

livestock rearing, petty trade, hunting, handicrafts, and snail

collection and sale. Most casual labor is local agricultural labor,

performed by poorer households inside the livelihood zone. The

poor may sell crops produced immediately after the harvest to

cover pressing food and non-food needs.

Vegetables also emerge as an important source of income,

Poor

Agricultural labor

Cassava production

Rice production

Wild palm harvesting

Better-off

Rice production

Cassava production

Maize production

Staple Foods and Sources

Poor

Rice: purchase and own production

Cassava: own production

Vegetables: own production

Palm oil: collection

Better-off



Groundnuts: own production and purchase


Palm oil: collection

Key Income Sources

Poor

Labor sales

Palm oil sales

Some crop sales

Poultry

Better-off

Crop sales

Small ruminant sales

Land rental

Petty trade

Livestock

Poor

Poultry

Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Poultry

Main Markets

Weekly markets: Bopolu, Foya, Voinjama, Zorzor, Salayea, Suakoko, Belefana, Fuamah, Sanoyea

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Shocks and Hazards

Rodent, bird, termite, grasscutter and grasshopper damage to crops

Erratic rain at sowing/planting time

Road damage from heavy rains

particularly in the border area of Lofa and Bong Counties, where

bitter ball and chilies with some okra are grown. Early vegetable

harvest sales are important to bolster the expenditure on the

Christmas festival and the school fee payments in January.

Market access is limited for most of the zone’s residents since distances are long and the road conditions are typically bad, especially during the rainy season. Intermediary traders fill market access gaps – at the expense of local producers, however – who often have to accept unfair prices for their produced goods. Household producers have two options for selling rice and palm oil. They take their produce to local weekly markets in the market towns, or district capitals where they sell to the local population or to small marketers. The latter take commodities to Monrovia or to larger trading centers.

Key Monitoring Indicators

Rice production and prices

Cassava production and prices

Palm oil prices

Agricultural labor wages

Small ruminant prices

Zone 1: Seasonal Calendar

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Zone 1: Primary Food, Income and Expenditure calendar for poor households

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Livelihood Zone 2: North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening

Key Livelihood Activities This non-contiguous zone has a small foothold in North Grand Cape Mount and south-western Gbarpolu Counties. The larger portion of the livelihood zone encompasses large parts of Bong and Nimba Counties, as well as smaller areas of Margibi, Rivercess and northern Grand Bassa. It is crossed by the St. John River, which is a particularly important source of water for small-scale irrigation as well as the origin of fertile loam soils. This livelihood zone has a reputation as being a large producer of rice, which is rain-fed and sown broadcast. Although rice is produced in copious quantities, households still do not produce enough to satisfy their annual needs. Poorer farmers start purchasing rice by April, and rely increasingly on cassava in the ensuing months. “Lowland” rice, i.e. paddy rice in swampland, is cultivated in scattered areas. However, this intensified, high-yield system of nurseries and transplanting, promoted by the government and development partners, requires more investment of labor than the broadcast, rain-fed practices. As the centermost of the three rice-dominant livelihood zones identified, like Zone 1 to the north and unlike Zone 3 to the south-east, Zone 2 is a source of marketed rice. Trade in this zone is intensified by the paved road from Ganta through Gbarnga to Monrovia, and this opportunity particularly favors perishable vegetables – especially bitterball and fresh chilies but also potatoes and okra – which are the first source of income for wealthier and poorer farmers alike. Apart from vegetables, wealthier farmers chiefly sell rice, notably at the Gbarnga market, while poorer farmers sell cassava. Sold cassava is primarily processed into dippa and/or fufu. Poor households also generate cash by working on the farms of better-off households, typically from October until June. They may also sell poultry, but only according to their availability and need. Some households also hunt and collect forest products, which are sold. Better-off households earn the bulk of their annual income from crop sales, mostly rice. These households tend to have more and varied species of livestock, mostly goats and sheep, but also pigs. They sell animals according to need but also during the holiday period to meet consumer demand. Market access is relatively good, with improved farm-to-market roads. Most producers take their goods to the weekly markets in one of the towns found in the livelihood zone. From there items are sold to town-

Poor

Agricultural labor

Cassava production

Rice production

Vegetable production

Better-off

Rice production

Vegetable production

Cassava production


Poor




Maize: own production

Better-off




Maize: own production

Key Income Sources

Poor

Casual labor

Cassava processing and sale

Crop sales

Better-off

Crop sales

Petty trade

Livestock sales

Gari production and sales

Livestock

Poor

Poultry

Some small ruminants

Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Poultry

Pigs

Main Markets

Weekly markets: Suakoko, Zota, Fuamah, Sanoyea, Yeallequelleh, Salala, Kokoyah, Kpein, Ganta, Flumpa, Karnwee, Saclepea, Bahn, Karnplay, Sanniquellie, Bopolu, Tappita, Porkpa, Ziah Town, Fish Town, Putuken, Kanweaken,

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Gbarnga

Monrovia and Kakata (target market)

folk or to intermediaries who transport goods to Monrovia or regional trading centers. Alternatively, traders purchase crops or livestock from the farm gate to sell at the local market or transport to the urban consumers in Monrovia. Most food and non-food items are purchased from weekly markets or from neighbors in villages. In the north-western (Gbarpolu/Grand Cape Mount) area of this zone, dry-season gold mining work by young men brings them significant earnings; they join many immigrant workers to work in the nearby mines and concession areas.

Shocks and Hazards

Groundhog, termite, bird and grasshopper damage to crops

Erratic rain at sowing/planting time




Vegetable production and prices

Casual labor wages



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Livelihood Zone 3: South-East Rice with Cassava

Key Livelihood Activities This zone falls in Maryland, River Gee, Grand Gedeh Counties and the

northern reaches of Sinoe County. It is mostly at lower elevations than

Zone 1. Households primarily produce rice for home consumption, but

cassava is also important. By comparison with the north of the

country, rice production here suffers from a tendency for rainfall to be

erratic, especially early in the season when the timing of land clearing,

preparation and sowing is critical. In addition, cultivated land areas are

smaller here than in the other two rice-dominant livelihood zones.

The zone is isolated from the main commercial demand of Monrovia

by distance and a very poor road network and the more northerly

motor routes that lead to it. Market isolation discourages rice and

vegetable cultivation. On the other hand, palm oil, palm nuts and

coconuts are marketed, inland fishing contributes both to diets and

incomes, and widespread relatively forested areas also offer hunting

and timber resources. Poorer people make a large part of their cash

income from paid agricultural labor or casual off‐farm work.

Households also take advantage of the labor opportunities found at

the nearby mines in Grand Gedeh and the concession areas in

Maryland and Grand Kru counties.

Most producers in the zone sell excess crops at the local weekly

markets found throughout the zone. At the local weekly markets they

purchase food and non-food provisions to take back to their homes.

Rice is harvested earlier in this zone (starting late July) than in other parts of the country (starting October). This means that the lean season also occurs earlier in this zone (from April to early July).

Poor

Labor

Crop production

Better-off

Crop production


Poor and Better-off

Rice: majority own production

Cassava: all own production

Vegetable: all own production

Purchase during the lean season

Key Income Sources

Poor

Casual labor

Crop sales

Better-off

Crop sales

Livestock sales

Business/trade

Livestock

Poor

Poultry

Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Cattle

Main Markets

Zwedru, Tappita, Saclepie, Kaweken, Pleebo

Shocks and Hazards

Rainfall delay

Storms and flooding

Pest infestation

Damaged roads




Casual off-farm labor wages


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Livelihood Zone 4: Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing

Key Livelihood Activities This extensive zone represents the typical livelihood situation of the

coastal plain, which runs the length of the country between Sierra Leone

and Ivory Coast. Just as cassava is an important second staple in the

dominant rice cultivation zones, so here it is rice, which is the important

second staple after cassava. The question of the emphasis on one or

other staple is induced by two general ecologies; the coastal plain is

lower‐lying and receives more rainfall than the hinterland. High rainfall

also adds to the drainage network through smaller rivers and streams,

which complement or join the main, cross‐country rivers. Irrigation other

than for vegetable patches is uncommon; on the other hand, inland

fishing is a significant dietary and cash resource, although rarely a

primary occupation.

Cassava is both an annual and a perennial crop, in that it can be

harvested a few months after planting or it can be left in the ground for

one or more years. Tubers can be dug up at any time to be boiled and

pounded for fufu as the staple for domestic consumption, or to be sold.

It can be sold in its raw, fresh state, or considerable value can be added

to the price by one form of processing or another, including gari or dipa.

Whole cassava sales rise in the peak rains of July to September;

processed cassava sales from January through March. But processing

requires considerable labor unless people have the capital for

mechanized equipment, and this is a limiting factor in the profitability of

cassava.

A homestead in this zone is most likely to grow both cassava and some rice, but a great variety of other planted or wild items will typically be found on a micro scale, including citrus, rubber, plantain, bananas, eddoes, sweet potatoes and garden vegetables. Palm oil is commonly harvested from wild palms on a modest scale and collected bushyams and coconuts are additional wild resources. Charcoal is widely made and sold from wood from land brushing or from forests. In addition, households may maintain “hunger farms” – a piece of land devoted to short‐maturing rice or cassava that helps bridge the hunger season before the main harvest. Livestock rearing of poultry, goats and sheep is on a very small scale and other income-generating activities include casual labor, petty trade and handicrafts. Most casual labor is local agricultural labor, performed inside the livelihood zone.

Poor

Crop production (kuu)

Inland fishing

Better-off

Crop production

Small ruminant sales


Poor and Better-off

Rice


Key Income Sources

Poor

Cassava sales – fresh and processed

Charcoal sales

Vegetable sales

Better-off

Cassava sales – fresh and processed

Charcoal sales

Vegetable sales

Livestock

Poor

Poultry

Ducks

Goats

Sheep

Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Poultry

Ducks

Main Markets

Monrovia, Buchanan, Kakata, Barclayville, Harper, Robertsport

Weekly markets found in district capitals

Shocks and Hazards

Excessive rain leading to water-logging or flooding

Rain delays

Rodent, caterpillar and grasshopper damage to crops

Staple food price spikes




Fish catch and prices

Charcoal production and prices



Page 24 of 60


Page 25 of 60


Page 26 of 60

Livelihood Zone 5: Coastal Fishing and Cassava

Key Livelihood Activities This zone comprises the strip of land all along the Liberian coast behind the beach or the mangroves, from roughly half a kilometer to five kilometers inland. Villages show all the economic elements noted for the wider cassava-dominated area (Zone 4), except that land tends to be less fertile and unsuitable for vegetables. However, for most households – especially poorer ones – farming of food crops is secondary to fishing activities. Most households still manage to consume their own cassava (and may sell some fresh and processed), but they buy most of the rice they consume from the market. Much, if not most, household work-time, capital, and cash earnings are involved with sea fishing. This activity occurs year-round but reduces somewhat in the rainy season, especially in the peak rains of August and September due to the danger of high winds and storms. Poorer households may get about half of their cash income from fishing, a third from cassava sales and a fifth from petty trade and other activities. Wealthier people get around three quarters of income from fish and the rest from trading, while still farming for home consumption. Amongst the very wealthiest are boat owners who do not farm at all, but sell and trade fish. Poorer fishers own lines, hooks and small hand-held nets, but very few own a paddle-canoe. Wealthier households own these items but also canoes, sometimes with motors, large casting nets and fish-smoking drums, if not full smoking houses. As a result, poorer men tend to work extensively for wealthier boat owners, while still doing some minor fishing on their own account. Payment of fishing workers is usually in fish. For instance, of three bags of fish caught, the boat owner may take one as compensation for providing and maintaining the boat, and one for providing the nets; the third bag is then split between all boat personnel, including the boat owner. Otherwise, possibly with a bigger boat and more workers, the catch may be split 40% for the boat and net owner and 60% for the workers. Fish smoking is important in allowing fish to be preserved to reach a wide market, whether urban or far into the hinterland. Drying fish also allows catches to earn cash even if they are not sold fresh the day they are caught, though the value of dried fish is significantly lower than that of fresh. Daily labor is also a main source of income for poor households as many of these people live within or around urban centers, which provide economic opportunities (small industries, traders, processing facilities, etc.).

Poor

Fishing

Crop production

Charcoal sales

Better-off

Fishing

Petty trade

Crop production


Poor and Better-off

Rice: majority market purchase

Cassava: majority own crops

Fish: all own catch

Vegetables: all market purchase

Key Income Sources

Poor

Fishing work and fish sales

Agricultural labor

Cassava sales

Charcoal sales

Better-off

Fish sales

Petty trade

Livestock

Poor

Chickens

Ducks

Goats

Sheep

Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Chickens

Ducks

Main Markets

Monrovia, Robertsport, Harbel, Buchanan, Cesstos City, Greenville, Barclayville, Harper

Main coastal towns; fish traders tend to purchase directly from fishermen

Shocks and Hazards

Rough seas in the rainy season leading to capsized boats, low catches, lost nets

Flooding of fields

Staple food price spike


Fish catch and prices



Poultry and small ruminant prices

Rice prices

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Page 28 of 60

Livelihood Zone 6: Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting

Key Livelihood Activities The Hunting and Farming Livelihood Zone covers parts of Gparpolu, Nimba, Grand Gedeh, and River Gee Counties. Residents of this sparsely‐populated zone are primarily farmers of upland rice, cassava and vegetables, sharing many of the features of the neighboring rice‐dominant zones. However, the factor that distinguishes this zone is that the greater part of household cash income comes from traded bushmeat from the exceptional hunting resources in the environment. This is true of wealthier and poorer households alike. Wealthier households tend to be more or less self‐sufficient in rice,

but poorer households fall far short of this. It is therefore only

wealthier farmers who tend to sell rice, while poorer farmers

depend on hunting and paid casual work, on- and off‐farm, partly to

pay for the rice they must buy. Apart from rice and cassava,

households also grow eddo, banana, plantain, sweet potato,

vegetables and fruit.

Hunting occurs throughout the year, but peaks during the dry

season. The animals hunted include antelope, bushhog, groundhog,

possum, bushcow, elephants and monkeys. The forests also offer

timber resources.

Other income generating activities include casual labor, small-scale

livestock rearing, petty trade, inland fishing, and handicrafts. Most

casual labor is local agricultural labor, performed inside the

livelihood zone.

The forests also offer timber resources. There is also gold in parts of this zone, as there is in neighboring zones. A minority of poor households make significant cash from working in mining, but most people in the gold camps are in fact migrants from elsewhere in Liberia or from beyond its borders.

Poor

Hunting for bushmeat

Agricultural labor

Crop production

Better-off

Hunting for bushmeat

Crop production


Poor

Rice: majority purchase


Bushmeat: own catch

Better-off

Rice: vast majority own production


Vegetables: all own production

Bushmeat: own catch

Key Income Sources

Poor

Bushmeat sales

Vegetable sales

Agricultural labor

Better-off

Crop production

Bushmeat sales

Livestock sales

Land rental

Livestock

Poor

Chickens

Goats

Better-off

Goats

Chickens

Main Markets

Saclepie, Tappita, Zwedru, Bopolu

Shocks and Hazards

Wind/storms

Food price spikes




Bushmeat catch and prices

Casual labor wages

Poultry and small ruminant prices

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Page 30 of 60

Livelihood Zone 7: Border Cacao and Coffee Farming

Key Livelihood Activities The Northern Border Cacao and Coffee Livelihood zone is located along the border of Bong, Nimba, River Gee and Grand Gedeh Counties and in some inland areas of Lofa County. The basic geography of this livelihood zone is the same as the North and North-East Rice Farming and Wild Palm Livelihood Zone, with the major difference that cacao and coffee trees have been planted and provide the main source of income to farmers. Cacao and coffee are widely cultivated in the nearby areas of Guinea and Ivory Coast and Liberian production is often marketed through these neighboring countries. Before the war in this area, cacao and some coffee were widely grown as cash crops and recent reinvestment has increased the activities within that zone and beyond. In the coming years, it is expected that more farmers will redirect farming efforts inland; therefore the zone is expected to expand. Apart from cacao and coffee, the other crops grown in this livelihood zone are similar to the North and North-East Rice Farming and Wild Palm Livelihood Zone. Rice and cassava are important food crops and vegetables are also grown. Small-scale livestock rearing of poultry, goats, sheep and pigs occurs in the zone and other income-generating activities include casual labor, petty trade and cross-border trade. Most casual labor is local agricultural labor, performed inside the livelihood zone.

Poor and Better-off

Crop production

Agricultural labor sales


Poor and Better-off

Rice: majority own production

Cassava: majority own production

Vegetables: majority own production

Key Income Sources

Poor

Labor sales

Crop sales (small quantities)

Poultry sales

Better-off

Cacao sales

Coffee sales

Cassava sales

Vegetable sales

Livestock

Poor and Better-off

Goats

Sheep

Poultry

Main Markets

Main county and district markets within the zone

Voinjama, Ziah, Janzon, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Ivory Coast

Shocks and Hazards

Cut off from market transport

Crop pests

Staple food price hikes


Cacao production and prices

Coffee production and prices




Poultry prices

Casual labor wages

31


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Page 33 of 60

Livelihood Zone 8 - Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops

Rubber-dependent populations

Rubber is the main theme of this zone, and has been here since its introduction by the Firestone company in the 1920s. Today there are two other big commercial “concessions.” The rural population is heavily involved with the big rubber plantations. Most monthly-hire contract workers live in small “towns” (essentially villages) within the concessions, where a minority (mainly women) run cook-shops or engage in petty trade. Small, private plantation owners and smallholders grow rubber independently and sell the latex to the companies. Rubber is tapped throughout the year, and private planters employ local people to work on this. Thus rubber is by far the most important income source in this zone. Both cassava and rice are grown largely for home consumption, but the vast majority of staple food is purchased. A few better-off farmers have small shops giving credit to concession workers, while more generally the private / smallholder rubber producers make further cash by selling vegetables and charcoal: this zone is near to the Monrovia conurbation and linked to it by a good road network. Rubber concessions are found in parts of Bong, Margibi, Montserrado, Maryland, Nimba, Grand Bassa and River Gee Counties. Charcoal is made far and wide in Liberia for home use and sale, using wood gathered from field brushing as well as forest wood. But in this zone, there is a particular combination of the Monrovia market and old, abandoned rubber trees that is at the root of what might be called a sub-zone or minority population whose economy is based on charcoal. This road-oriented population puts the greater part of their labor into charcoal, whether on their own production or working for better-off neighbors. A bag of charcoal may sell for the equivalent of US $3, a good daily wage in rural areas. Like smallholders who grow rubber in this zone, charcoal producers are also smallholders and farm in a reduced way, growing cassava,

Key Livelihood Activities

Poor Rubber tapping Vegetable sales Petty trade Charcoal

Better-off Rubber sales Petty trade Vegetable sales


Poor and Better-off Rice: majority purchase Cassava and other tubers: majority purchase Vegetables: majority purchase Cowpeas: majority purchase

Key Income Sources

Poor Monthly/daily hire for

rubber tapping Vegetable sales Petty trade Charcoal

Better-off Rubber sales Petty trade Vegetable sales

Charcoal-dependent population

Key Livelihood Activities

Poor Charcoal sales Vegetables production Cassava production

Better-off Charcoal sales Commerce and trade Cassava and other tuber

production


Poor Rice: majority purchase Cassava: all own production Other tubers: all own production Vegetables: 50/50 own production and purchase Fish: majority purchase

Better-off Rice: 50/50 own production and purchase Cassava: all own production Other tubers: majority purchase Vegetables: all purchase Fish: all purchase

Key Income Sources

Poor Charcoal sales Vegetable sales Cassava and other

tubers Daily hire

Better-off Charcoal Commerce and trade

Page 34 of 60

Main Markets Kakata, Monrovia Central, Red Light, Seclapea, Pleebo, Harbel

vegetables, beans, and enough rice for at least a few months’ consumption before going to the market for imported rice. The charcoal zone is located in parts of Montserrado,

Bomi, Margibi and Grand Bassa Counties. The

road‐oriented population puts the greater part of their

labor into charcoal, whether on their own production or

working for better‐off neighbors.

Charcoal producers are also smallholders and farm in a reduced way, growing cassava, vegetables and enough rice for at least a few months’ consumption before going to the market to purchase imported rice.

Shocks and Hazards

Crop pests and rodents Food price spikes


Rubber production and prices





Casual labor wages

In terms of farming potential, they call into the same zone as the Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and

Inland Fishing Livelihood Zone.

Livestock rearing of poultry, goats and sheep is on a very small scale and other income generating activities include casual labor, petty trade and handicrafts. Although there is some local agricultural labor, most casual labor is related to charcoal production and performed inside the livelihood zone. There are various types of work involved with charcoal production, starting with the collection of wood and ending with the bagging of coal.

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Livelihood Zone 9 - Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment

Key Livelihood Activities This zone comprises a sizeable population who are within the Monrovia urban district but outside the city proper. They are not simply spread in a neat and measurable radius around the city hinterland, because their residence is particularly extended along and near main roads. They are semi-rural in that they have land on which they produce at least vegetables if not also a little cassava, and they commonly keep poultry. But their economy is more or less completely defined by the city: they sell vegetables and chickens to it, they perform casual employment in it, and they are part of the chain of petty trade in farm/garden produce, fish, charcoal and many other items. Above all, by far the largest part of the staples they eat are purchased, especially rice. Residents are particularly highly constrained from keeping bigger livestock than poultry because of the frequency of thefts around the city – also suffered by people who bring in livestock from far away and keep them temporarily in this vicinity. The population in question is distinct from a minority of rich neighbors who have considerable houses built outside the city for one reason or another, but whose earnings are from salaried work, commerce, or plantations – and who may be their employers as domestic staff.

Poor

Casual labor

Better-off

Backyard gardening

Trading

Formal employment


Poor and Better-off

Rice: vast majority market purchase


Other tubers: majority market purchase

Key Income Sources

Poor

Casual labor Unskilled formal

employment Petty trade Vegetable

production Charcoal production Inland fishing Petty trade Motorcycle taxis

(rented)

Better-off

Skilled formal employment

Larger businesses Remittances

Main Markets

Duala, Red Light, Monrovia Central, Buchanan, Harper

Shocks and Hazards

Food price hikes

Garden pests

Livestock theft

Floods


Casual labor wages

Skilled and unskilled employment salaries

Vegetables production and prices


Inland fish catch and prices

Poultry prices

Rice prices

Fuel prices (motorcycle taxis)

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Page 38 of 60

Livelihood Zone 10 – Mining/Concession and Farming Zone

Key Livelihood Activities Surface gold mining, and to a lesser extent diamond mining, are found in many localities across the country. But there are certain areas of concentration, and two large areas were separated in the zoning workshop as a mining‐plus‐farming livelihood zone separate from the farming‐dominant zones. One large area of concentration covers contiguous parts of Gbarpolu and Grand Cape Mount Counties, while the other large area covers contiguous parts of Sinoe, Grand Kru, Grand Gedeh and River Gee Counties. Small areas of gold and/or diamond mining are also present in Bong and Nimba Counties. In this zone, mining is important to ordinary rural households resident in the area, in addition to being the main livelihood for numerous immigrants at mining camps from elsewhere in Liberia or from outside the country. Crops grown in the zone include rice, cassava and vegetables, while secondary activities include petty trade, small-scale livestock rearing, hunting, inland fishing, and casual labor. Most of the casual labor performed in the zone is related to mining rather than farming. In return for guaranteed employment, households in concession

areas give up their land. They are provided with a monthly rice

ration, housing, health care, education, water supplies and security.

The majority of staple food is purchased.

Most concession workers live in small “towns” (essentially villages) within the concessions, where a minority (mainly women) run cook‐shops or engage in petty trade.

Poor

Mining labor

Small scale mining

Crop production

Better-off

Mining

Crop production

Trade


Poor and Better-off

Rice: vast majority market purchase and own production


Other tubers: majority market purchase

Key Income Sources

Poor

Casual labor Crop sales

Better-off

Mining Crop sales Trade

Main Markets

Main county markets; main mining camp markets

Shocks and Hazards

Land slides

Violence


Gold and diamond mining labor wages



Other secondary income sources include handicrafts, motorcycle taxis, brick-making, charcoal and small-

scale vegetable production. In return for guaranteed employment, households in concession areas give up

their land. They are provided with a monthly rice ration, housing, health care, education, water supplies and

security. The majority of staple food is purchased.

Page 39 of 60



Page 40 of 60

Annex I – List of workshop participants

Page 41 of 60

Annex II – Clans by Livelihood Zone

North-East Rice Farming Palm Oil – LR01

County District Clan LZ number

Bomi Suehn Mecca Gbojay 1

Bomi Suehn Mecca Gboor 1

Bomi Suehn Mecca Lower Mecca 1

Bomi Suehn Mecca Upper Mecca 1

Bomi Senjeh LowerTogay 1

Bomi Senjeh Manoah 1

Bomi Senjeh Upper Togay 1

Bomi Senjeh Zerpeh 1

Bong Fuamah Dobli 1

Bong Fuamah Lorla 1

Bong Fuamah Yarbayon 1

Bong Fuamah Zaweakomu 1

Bong Fuamah Zulo 1

Bong Sanoyeah Bonkomu 1

Bong Sanoyeah Boyermah 1

Bong Sanoyeah Dingmah 1

Bong Sanoyeah Menquelleh 1

Bong Sanoyeah Nyallie 1

Bong Sanoyeah Sanoyea 1

Bong Sanoyeah Walahuan 1

Bong Suakoko Kpatawee 1

Bong Suakoko Kporyorquelleh 1

Bong Suakoko Suakoko 1

Bong Zota Boisville Township 1

Bong Zota Gwilapolu 1

Bong Zota Lower Kpaiquelleh 1

Bong Zota Upper Kpaiquelleh 1

Bong Zota Zota 1

Lofa Foya Luankollie 1

Lofa Kolahun Hassala 1

Lofa Kolahun Hembeh 1

Lofa Kolahun Lukasu 1

Lofa Kolahun Tahamba 1

Lofa Salayea Gbarlin 1

Lofa Salayea Palama 1

Lofa Salayea Vavala 1

Lofa Vahun Upper Guma 1

Lofa Voinjama Bondi 1

Page 42 of 60

Lofa Voinjama Lower Workor 1

Lofa Zorzor Buluyeama 1

Lofa Zorzor Gizima 1

Lofa Zorzor Zeayeama 1

Gbarpolu Belleh Bade 1

Gbarpolu Belleh Lobarsu 1

Gbarpolu Bokomu Lower Bokomu 1

Gbarpolu Bokomu Upper Bokomu 1

Gbarpolu Bopolu Bondi Mandingo 1

Gbarpolu Bopolu Gongbayah 1

Gbarpolu Bopolu Koninga 1

Gbarpolu Gounwolaila Gou 1

Gbarpolu Gounwolaila Nwolaila 1

North/Central Rice with Cassava and Market Gardening – LR02


Bong Jorquelleh Behquelleh 2

Bong Jorquelleh Gbanshay 2

Bong Jorquelleh Jorpolu 2

Bong Jorquelleh Jorquelleh 2

Bong Jorquelleh Sheansue 2

Bong Yeallequelleh Garyea 2

Bong Yeallequelleh Tongbeyah 2

Bong Yeallequelleh Yeanawoun 2

Bong Yeallequelleh Zeansue 2

Bong Panta Gahnmue 2

Bong Panta Panta 2

Bong Panta Wrunah 2

Bong Kokoyah Quikon 2

Bong Kokoyah Sawrah 2

Bong Tukpahblee Soel 2

Bong Tukpahblee Vehn 2

Bong Boinsen Boinwein 2

Bong Boinsen Senwein 2

Bong Kpaai Waytuah 2

Bong Kpaai Wolota 2

Grand Bassa District Two Boeglayn 2

Grand Bassa District Two Chan 2

Grand Bassa District Two Gborr 2

Grand Bassa District Two Gogowein 2

Grand Bassa District Two Jungle 2

Grand Bassa District Three Deegba 2

Page 43 of 60

Grand Bassa District Three Dohnwein 2

Grand Bassa District Three Faitro 2

Grand Bassa District Three Gbaniee 2

Grand Bassa District Three Gbayah 2

Grand Bassa District Three Jeuwein 2

Grand Bassa District Three Norwein 2

Grand Bassa District Three Pay-U-Way 2

Grand Bassa District Three Wodorgbah 2

Grand Bassa District Four Kpogblen 2

Grand Cape Mount Gola Konneh Laar 2

Grand Cape Mount Gola Konneh Mana 2

Grand Cape Mount Porkpa Kposo 2

Grand Cape Mount Porkpa Sokpo 2

Margibi Gibi Gborkorkor 2

Nimba Sanniquellie Mahn Gboa 2

Nimba Sanniquellie Mahn Sehyi 2

Nimba Yarpea Mahn Duo 2

Nimba Yarpea Mahn Duo-ah 2

Nimba Yarpea Mahn Gbayee 2

Nimba Yarpea Mahn Gbein 2

Nimba Yarpea Mahn Kpayee 2

Nimba Yarmein Gbar 2

Nimba Yarmein Gbeleyee 2

Nimba Yarmein Gbeyi 2

Nimba Yarmein Vayee 2

Nimba Garr-Bain Bain 2

Nimba Garr-Bain Bleingbain 2

Nimba Garr-Bain Garr 2

Nimba Doe Gbon-Weiplay 2

Nimba Gbi and Doru Duo 2

Nimba Boe and Quilla Boe 2

Nimba Boe and Quilla Gosenter 2

Nimba Boe and Quilla Quella 2

Nimba Boe and Quilla Sarlay 2

Nimba Gbor Duobehyee 2

Nimba Gbor Gbor 2

Nimba Gbor Kerbaye 2

Nimba Gbor Zor-2 2

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Gbao 2

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Leepea 2

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Lonpea 2

Page 44 of 60

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Whepea 2

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Zean 2

Nimba Zoe-Gbao Zoe 2

Nimba Yarwein Mehnsonnoh Blinlon 2

Nimba Yarwein Mehnsonnoh Mehnsonnoh 2

Nimba Yarwein Mehnsonnoh Zehnla 2

Nimba Meinpea-Mahn Gbotein 2

Nimba Meinpea-Mahn Meinboyee 2

Nimba Meinpea-Mahn Slappa 2

Nimba Meinpea-Mahn Zahn 2

Nimba Meinpea-Mahn Zehyee 2

Nimba Leewehpea-Mahn Lepea 2

Nimba Leewehpea-Mahn Sephein 2

Nimba Leewehpea-Mahn Siateh 2

Nimba Leewehpea-Mahn Yarpea 2

Nimba Wee-Gbehy-Mahn Borpea 2

Nimba Wee-Gbehy-Mahn Lowee 2

Nimba Wee-Gbehy-Mahn Wee 2

Nimba Wee-Gbehy-Mahn Ylan 2

Nimba Buu-Yao Wea 2

Nimba Buu-Yao Yao-Kwahkerlah 2

Rivercess Doedain Bahr 2

Rivercess Doedain Central Morweh 2

Rivercess Doedain Duahn 2

Rivercess Doedain Zarkue 2

Rivercess Jo River Bour Tarr 2

Rivercess Jo River Gono Tarr 2

Rivercess Jo River Jo-Wein 2

Rivercess Jo River Sawpue 2

Gbarpolu Gbarma Gbarma 2

Gbarpolu Gbarma Yangaya 2

South-East Rice with Cassava – LR03


Grand Gedeh Konobo Lower Gbillibo 3

Grand Gedeh Konobo Upper Gbillibo 3

Grand Gedeh Tchien Gwenee 3

Grand Gedeh Tchien Kannah 3

Grand Gedeh Tchien Tarleh 3

Grand Gedeh Tchien Tchien Menyea 3

Grand Gedeh Putu Bio Wiah 3

Grand Gedeh Putu Lower Jebebo 3

Page 45 of 60

Grand Gedeh Putu Upper Jebebo 3

Grand Gedeh Putu Zeenonblogbo 3

Grand Gedeh Cavala Blawo 3

Grand Gedeh Cavala Gborbo 3

Grand Gedeh Cavala Gorbo 3

Maryland Whojah Dufu 3

Maryland Whojah Fulu 3

Maryland Whojah Ganijah 3

Maryland Whojah Wuah 3

Maryland Gwelekpoken Datiaken 3

Maryland Gwelekpoken Gbalaken 3

Maryland Gwelekpoken Sikliken 3

Maryland Gwelekpoken Wantoken 3

Maryland Nyorken Farjah 3

Maryland Nyorken Gbitofla-fla 3

Maryland Nyorken Koyo 3

Maryland Nyorken Newenken 3

Maryland Karluway One Dorrobo 3

Maryland Karluway One Gbea-ou 3

Maryland Karluway One Gedebo 3

Maryland Karluway One Nearobo 3

Maryland Karluway Two Benwen 3

Maryland Karluway Two Dediabo 3

Maryland Karluway Two Kanbo 3

Maryland Karluway Two Nyewraken 3

Maryland Karluway Two Wlebo 3

Maryland Karluway Two Yederobo 3

Maryland Pleebo/Sodoken Gborlorbo 3

Maryland Pleebo/Sodoken Gedetarbo 3

Maryland Pleebo/Sodoken Klebo 3

Maryland Pleebo/Sodoken Pleebo/Gbolorbo 3

Maryland Pleebo/Sodoken Twansiebo 3

Sinoe Seekon Dagbah 3

Sinoe Seekon Voogbadee 3

Sinoe Pynes Town Gbalawein 3

Sinoe Pynes Town Gbliyee 3

Sinoe Pynes Town Kabadah 3

Sinoe Pynes Town Korjahyee 3

River Gee Chedepo Jedliken 3

River Gee Chedepo Krosoken 3

River Gee Chedepo Mt. Pennah 3

Page 46 of 60

River Gee Chedepo Mt. Seagboken 3

River Gee Chedepo Neataken 3

River Gee Chedepo Wropaken 3

River Gee Karforh Cheboken 3

River Gee Karforh Jaytoken 3

River Gee Karforh Kanweaken 3

River Gee Karforh Woloken 3

River Gee Nanee Gbleken 3

River Gee Nanee Wrejah 3

River Gee Gbeapo Duwalaken 3

River Gee Gbeapo Geeken 3

River Gee Gbeapo Saykliken 3

River Gee Gbeapo Walkerken 3

River Gee Nyenawliken Gedeken 3

River Gee Nyenawliken Jargboken 3

River Gee Nyenawliken Martuken 3

River Gee Nyenawliken Nyantuken 3

River Gee Sarbo Gbugbley 3

River Gee Sarbo Karyellibo 3

River Gee Sarbo Nepule 3

River Gee Sarbo Saykleken 3

River Gee Tuobo Depepo 3

River Gee Tuobo Gbolojah 3

River Gee Tuobo Gbulujah 3

River Gee Tuobo Getu 3

River Gee Tuobo Jargbo 3

River Gee Tuobo Nyentiabo 3

Coastal Plain Cassava with Rice and Inland Fishing – LR04


Bomi Klay Gorblah 4

Bomi Klay Kpo 4

Bomi Klay Manna 4

Bomi Klay Tehr 4

Bomi Dowein Deygbo 4

Bomi Dowein Gbavon 4

Bomi Dowein Kpatiah 4

Bomi Dowein Lower Zoh 4

Bomi Dowein Moifeh 4

Bomi Dowein Upper Zoh 4

Grand Bassa Owensgrove Doewein 4

Grand Bassa Owensgrove Giahi 4

Page 47 of 60

Grand Bassa Owensgrove Yeannah 4

Grand Bassa District One Doe 4

Grand Bassa District One Gozohn 4

Grand Bassa District One Lloydsville 4

Grand Bassa District One Mehwein 4

Grand Bassa District One Nyonniwein 4

Grand Bassa District One Sayewein 4

Grand Bassa District One Sonniewein 4

Grand Bassa District One Whenzohn 4

Grand Bassa District One Worrwein 4

Grand Bassa District Two Bla-lar 4

Grand Bassa District Two Geeblee 4

Grand Bassa District Two Karblee 4

Grand Bassa District Two Marblee 4

Grand Bassa District Two Marlord 4

Grand Bassa District Two Zuzohn 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Beulor Ward 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Bexley Ward 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Fortsville Ward 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Goingbo 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Hartford Ward 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Hoegbahn 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Marlor 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Tarrwureh 4

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Vombo 4

Grand Bassa Neekreen Blaynee (Portion of Dist. 4

Grand Bassa Neekreen Harlardsville 4

Grand Bassa Neekreen Harmonville 4

Grand Bassa Neekreen Neekreen 4

Grand Bassa Neekreen Tubmanville 4

Grand Bassa District Three Faitro 4

Grand Bassa District Three Gaye Peter 4

Grand Bassa District Three Glow 4

Grand Bassa District Three L A C Plantation 4

Grand Bassa District Three Wodorgbah 4

Grand Bassa District Three Zeewein-A 4

Grand Bassa District Three Zeewein-B 4

Grand Bassa District Four Doegbahn 4

Grand Bassa District Four Gianah 4

Grand Bassa District Four Grand Kola 4

Grand Bassa District Four Jogbahn 4

Page 48 of 60

Grand Bassa District Four Kpowien 4

Grand Bassa District Four L A C Plantation 4

Grand Bassa District Four Little Kola 4

Grand Bassa District Four Neepue 4

Grand Bassa District Four Neetorn 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Gion 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Kaidii 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Kaihon 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Kiazolu 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Manobalah 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Zodua 4

Grand Cape Mount Garwula Zogbou 4

Grand Cape Mount Gola Konneh Darblo 4

Grand Cape Mount Porkpa Seimavula 4

Grand Cape Mount Tewor Fahnbulleh 4

Grand Cape Mount Tewor Passawe 4

Grand Cape Mount Tewor Sambola 4

Grand Kru Lower Jloh Niplaihkpo 4

Grand Kru Lower Jloh Weagba 4

Grand Kru Upper Jloh Gbatu 4

Grand Kru Bolloh Warsweh 4

Grand Kru Dweh Nuwean 4

Grand Kru Dweh Saywoken 4

Grand Kru Kpi Arnaken 4

Grand Kru Kpi Dartuken 4

Grand Kru Kpi Jlatuken 4

Grand Kru Kpi Tarwroken/Taybu 4

Grand Kru Kpi Togbaken 4

Grand Kru Kpi Wehteken 4

Grand Kru Gee Gissaken 4

Grand Kru Gee Tarken 4

Grand Kru Buah Nyantu 4

Grand Kru Buah Planplanken 4

Grand Kru Buah Wulugha 4

Grand Kru Nrokwia-Wesldow Nrokwia 4

Grand Kru Felo-Jekwi Dayokpo 4

Grand Kru Felo-Jekwi Felor 4

Grand Kru Felo-Jekwi Jekwi 4

Grand Kru Barclayville Gballakpo 4

Grand Kru Barclayville Kpoh 4

Grand Kru Barclayville Topoc-Suchn 4

Page 49 of 60

Grand Kru Barclayville Wakpeken Seator 4

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo Gbanken 4

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo Grand Cess 4

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo New Cess 4

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo Zoloken 4

Grand Kru Bleebo Karwalaken 4

Grand Kru Bleebo Saywonken 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Behwan 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Dougbo 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Gbanken 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Newaken 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Nyuanobo 4

Grand Kru Trenbo Sonoken 4

Grand Kru Garraway Genoyah 4

Grand Kru Garraway Piddy Nyanbo 4

Grand Kru Garraway Po-River Big Town 4

Grand Kru Garraway Upper Garraway 4

Grand Kru Garraway Upper Nimiah 4

Margibi Mambah Kaba Loongaye 4

Margibi Mambah Kaba Zoeduah 4


Maryland Harper Big Town 4

Maryland Harper Cavalla 4

Maryland Harper Fish Town 4

Maryland Harper Harper City 4

Maryland Harper Rock Town 4

Maryland Harper Whole Graway 4

Montserrado Careysburg Bensonville City 4

Montserrado Careysburg Careyburg City 4

Montserrado Careysburg Harrisburg 4

Montserrado Careysburg Kingsville Township 4

Montserrado Careysburg White Plains Township 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Arthing ton 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Barcon 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Dillon 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Gbondoi 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Jahfah 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kaikpu 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kpalla 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kpor 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Lower Brewerville 4

Page 50 of 60

Montserrado Saint Paul River Luneh 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Memeh 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Millsburg 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Moiwah 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Neekon 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Sundufu 4

Montserrado Saint Paul River Vonzon 4

Montserrado Commonwealth Lousana Township 4

Rivercess Fen River Banama 4

Rivercess Fen River Garyea Zohn 4

Rivercess Fen River Guah Naway 4

Rivercess Fen River Vor 4

Rivercess Norwein Gbarsaw 4

Rivercess Norwein Kan Whea 4

Rivercess Norwein Kayah 4

Rivercess Norwein Wheasayn 4

Rivercess Central Rivercess Borbor 4

Rivercess Central Rivercess Dowein 4

Rivercess Central Rivercess Siahn 4

Rivercess Central Rivercess Teekpeh 4

Rivercess Central Rivercess Zialu 4

Rivercess Beawor Bour 4

Rivercess Beawor Kpaqueh Gor 4

Rivercess Beawor Weh 4

Rivercess Sam Gbalor Blonee/Negba 4

Rivercess Sam Gbalor Neegba/Bar 4

Rivercess Zarflahn Boewein Toba 4

Rivercess Zarflahn Kebeh/Hwolozohn 4

Sinoe Greenville Biuntsville Township 4

Sinoe Greenville Loisiana Township 4

Sinoe Greenville Murrayville Township 4

Sinoe Butaw Belleyalla 4

Sinoe Butaw Ceedor 4

Sinoe Butaw Kartue 4

Sinoe Butaw Kaytu 4

Sinoe Butaw Klajadazon 4

Sinoe Butaw Lower Kao 4

Sinoe Butaw Memwah 4

Sinoe Butaw Upper Kao 4

Sinoe Sanquin Three Upper Duo 4

Sinoe Sanquin Two Central Tarsue 4

Page 51 of 60

Sinoe Sanquin Two Upper Tarsue 4

Sinoe Sanquin One Lower Sanquin 4

Sinoe Sanquin One Neequiah 4

Sinoe Sanquin One Trody 4

Sinoe Kulu Shaw Boe Boe 4

Sinoe Kulu Shaw Boe Lower Kulu 4

Sinoe Kulu Shaw Boe Shaw 4

Sinoe Kulu Shaw Boe Upper Kulu 4

Sinoe Plahn Nyarn Lower Plahn 4

Sinoe Plahn Nyarn Nyarn 4

Sinoe Plahn Nyarn Upper Plahn 4

Sinoe Juarzon Clahngbadi 4

Sinoe Juarzon Kalaboe 4

Sinoe Juarzon Krajlahson 4

Sinoe Juarzon Seon 4

Sinoe Wedjah Central Wedjah 4

Sinoe Wedjah Motor Road 4

Sinoe Wedjah Sorgbeyee 4

Sinoe Wedjah Twinboe 4

Sinoe Seekon Tweedee 4

Sinoe Seekon Zanwonjah 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Bio Sockkan 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Chealoatorch 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Cheeseman 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Jehdubu 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Ponnuh 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Sarpo 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Seamannah 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Seawlah 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Surwoloh 4

Sinoe Jeadepo Wlufueh 4

Sinoe Jaedae Barsue 4

Sinoe Jaedae Butouh 4

Sinoe Jaedae Dweoh 4

Sinoe Jaedae Lower Dweoh 4

Sinoe Bodae Doe Sieh 4

Sinoe Bodae Upper Dweoh 4

Sinoe Bokon Gbarta 4

Sinoe Bokon Lower Bokon 4

Sinoe Bokon Sawboklee 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Beh 4

Page 52 of 60

Sinoe Dugbe River Draoh 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Gmakenkpo 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Kunwiah 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Kwiatouh 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Menieh 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Nana Kru 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Nyanpoh 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Paylue 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Seehun 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Setta Kru 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Seyoh 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Subue 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Tuon 4

Sinoe Dugbe River Twah 4

Sinoe Kpayan Blue Barrel 4

Sinoe Kpayan Central Drepoh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Central Tartweh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Fafin 4

Sinoe Kpayan Gbardichae 4

Sinoe Kpayan Geebian 4

Sinoe Kpayan Kabada 4

Sinoe Kpayan Klaniedae 4

Sinoe Kpayan Kpoyan 4

Sinoe Kpayan Lower Drepoh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Lower Jeepo 4

Sinoe Kpayan Lower Tartweh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Mama Creek 4

Sinoe Kpayan Nyannue 4

Sinoe Kpayan Pertu 4

Sinoe Kpayan Tobo 4

Sinoe Kpayan Upper Drepoh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Upper Jeepo 4

Sinoe Kpayan Upper Tarweh 4

Sinoe Kpayan Whynee 4

Coastal Fishing and Cassava – LR05


Bomi Dowein Gbavon 5

Grand Bassa Owensgrove Doewein 5

Grand Bassa District One Gowingbo 5

Grand Bassa District One Sonniewein 5

Grand Bassa District One Whenzohn 5

Page 53 of 60

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Bexley Ward 5

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Famazette Ward 5

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Goingbo 5

Grand Bassa Saint John River City Hartford Ward 5



Grand Bassa District Four Grand Kola 5

Grand Bassa District Four Jogbahn 5

Grand Bassa District Four Kpowien 5

Grand Bassa District Four Little Kola 5

Grand Bassa District Four Neetorn 5

Grand Cape Mount Tewor Sambola 5

Grand Cape Mount Commonwealth Tallah 5

Grand Kru Upper Jloh Gbatu 5

Grand Kru Felo-Jekwi Felor 5

Grand Kru Felo-Jekwi Jekwi 5

Grand Kru Barclayville Klipo 5

Grand Kru Barclayville Kpoh 5

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo Gbanken 5

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo Grand Cess 5

Grand Kru Grand Cess Wedabo New Cess 5

Grand Kru Garraway Lower Garrway 5

Grand Kru Garraway Lower Nimiah 5

Grand Kru Garraway Piddy Nyanbo 5

Grand Kru Garraway Po-River Big Town 5

Grand Kru Garraway Po-River Middle Town 5

Grand Kru Garraway Upper Garraway 5

Grand Kru Garraway Upper Nimiah 5


Maryland Harper Big Town 5

Maryland Harper Cavalla 5

Maryland Harper Fish Town 5

Maryland Harper Half Graway 5


Maryland Harper Rock Town 5

Maryland Harper Whole Graway 5

Montserrado Careysburg White Plains Township 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Barcon 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Bassa Tribal 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Gbarteah 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Geyway 5

Page 54 of 60

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kai 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kaikpu 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kaivah 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kpalla 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kpey 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Kpor 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Luneh 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Mango 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Memeh 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Royesville 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Vonzon 5

Montserrado Saint Paul River Zolu 5

Montserrado Commonwealth Lousana Township 5

Rivercess Fen River Garyea Zohn 5

Rivercess Fen River Guah Naway 5

Rivercess Beawor Kpaqueh Gor 5

Rivercess Beawor Weh 5

Rivercess Sam Gbalor Blonee/Negba 5

Rivercess Sam Gbalor Neegba/Bar 5

Rivercess Zarflahn Boewein Toba 5

Sinoe Greenville Biuntsville Township 5

Sinoe Greenville Greenville 5

Sinoe Greenville Lexington Township 5

Sinoe Greenville Loisiana Township 5

Sinoe Greenville Murrayville Township 5

Sinoe Butaw Kartue 5

Sinoe Butaw Lower Kao 5

Sinoe Butaw Memwah 5

Sinoe Butaw Upper Kao 5

Sinoe Sanquin Three Clan 2 5

Sinoe Sanquin Three Gbannoh 5

Sinoe Sanquin Three Sueh 5

Sinoe Sanquin Three Tuo 5

Sinoe Sanquin Two Central Tarsue 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Fish Town 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Nana Kru 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Nuon Point 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Nyanpoh 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Setta Kru 5

Sinoe Dugbe River Twah 5

Sinoe Kpayan Blue Barrel 5

Page 55 of 60

Sinoe Kpayan Geebian 5

Sinoe Kpayan Kabada 5

Sinoe Kpayan Lower Tartweh 5

Sinoe Kpayan Nyannue 5

Sinoe Kpayan Pertu 5

Sinoe Kpayan Worter 5

Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting – LR06


Grand Gedeh Gbao Jaladaye 6

Grand Gedeh Gbao Marbo #2 6

Grand Gedeh Gbao Neezonnie #1 6

Grand Gedeh Gbao Wromel 6

Grand Gedeh Gboe-Ploe Bloquiah 6

Grand Gedeh Gboe-Ploe Douangboyee/Neezonee 6

Grand Gedeh Gboe-Ploe Joezon 6

Grand Gedeh Gboe-Ploe Neezonnie 6

Grand Gedeh Glio-Twarbo Dugbehbo 6

Grand Gedeh Glio-Twarbo Nenebo 6

Grand Gedeh B'hai B'Hai-Nicko 6

Grand Gedeh B'hai Duowoe 6

Grand Gedeh B'hai Marbo #1 6

Grand Gedeh B'hai Tian-Duogee 6

Nimba Doe Gbear 6

Nimba Doe Gblor 6

Nimba Doe Sehzuplay 6

Nimba Gbi and Doru Neezonycin 6

Nimba Gbi and Doru Nyenvor 6

Nimba Gbi and Doru Telbawein 6

Nimba Kparblee Gayea 6

Nimba Boe and Quilla Quella 6

Nimba Boe and Quilla Sarlay 6

River Gee Potupo Cheboken 6

River Gee Potupo Jaytoken 6

River Gee Potupo Katorken 6

River Gee Potupo Kayken 6

River Gee Potupo Matu 6

River Gee Potupo Mimmoken 6

River Gee Glaro Gbarlahn 6

River Gee Glaro Salla 6

River Gee Glaro Youbor 6

Gbarpolu Kongba Jawajeh 6

Page 56 of 60

Gbarpolu Kongba Zuie 6

Rice Intercropped and Forest Hunting – LR07


Grand Gedeh Konobo Lower Gbardru 7

Grand Gedeh Konobo Upper Gbardru 7

Grand Gedeh Tchien Tchien Menyea 7

Grand Gedeh Glio-Twarbo Chattan 7

Grand Gedeh Glio-Twarbo Dugbehbo 7

Grand Gedeh Glio-Twarbo Gboawon 7

Grand Gedeh Cavala Gborbo 7

Grand Gedeh Cavala Gorbo 7

Grand Gedeh Cavala Niao 7

Lofa Foya Luankollie 7

Lofa Foya Tengia 7

Lofa Foya Waum 7

Lofa Kolahun Hassala 7

Lofa Kolahun Hembeh 7

Lofa Kolahun Lukasu 7

Lofa Kolahun Tahamba 7

Lofa Kolahun Wanwoma 7

Lofa Kolahun Wolukoha 7

Lofa Vahun Central Guma 7

Lofa Vahun Lower Guma 7

Lofa Vahun Upper Guma 7

Lofa Voinjama Bondi 7

Lofa Voinjama Upper Workor 7

Lofa Quardu Boni Quardu 7

Nimba Gbehlay-Geh Gbehlay 7

Nimba Gbehlay-Geh Lan-Kao 7

Nimba Gbehlay-Geh Sango-Zao 7

Nimba Gbehlay-Geh Zor 7

Nimba Twan River Gborplay 7

Nimba Twan River Loe-Gbao 7

Nimba Twan River Lower-Gbei 7

Nimba Twan River Soelay 7

Nimba Twan River Srohlay 7

Nimba Twan River Upper-Gbei 7

Nimba Twan River Wealay 7

Nimba Kparblee Behwah 7

Nimba Kparblee Bentuo 7

Nimba Kparblee Dubuzon 7

Page 57 of 60

Nimba Buu-Yao Frolay 7

Nimba Buu-Yao Ninkwea 7

Nimba Buu-Yao Nyor 7

Nimba Buu-Yao Nyor-Diabarlor 7

Nimba Buu-Yao Vanwea 7

River Gee Glaro Gbarlahn 7

River Gee Glaro Sackor 7

River Gee Glaro Salla 7

River Gee Glaro Youbor 7

Rubber and Charcoal with Food Crops – LR08


Bong Salala Konowolola 8

Bong Salala Konoyea 8

Bong Salala Kpartolee 8

Bong Salala Nyaforquellie 8

Margibi Firestone Cotton Tree 8

Margibi Firestone Firestone 8

Margibi Firestone Harbel 8

Margibi Gibi Gbarfen 8

Margibi Kakata Benda 8

Margibi Kakata Dinnita 8

Margibi Kakata Giamusu 8

Margibi Kakata Golorhama 8

Margibi Kakata Konoquelleh 8

Margibi Kakata Waymaquelleh 8

Margibi Kakata Wiah 8

Montserrado Careysburg Crozierville Township 8

Montserrado Saint Paul River Bondodee 8

Montserrado Saint Paul River Gbarveah 8

Montserrado Todee Ding 8

Montserrado Todee Fahn-Seh 8

Montserrado Todee Kpoo 8

Montserrado Todee Marquoi 8

Montserrado Todee Mehn 8

Montserrado Todee Mt Coffee Township 8

Montserrado Todee Nyehn 8

Montserrado Todee Pleemu 8

Peri-Urban: Petty Trade, Market Gardening and Casual Employment – LR09


Grand Bassa Neekreen Harlardsville 9

Page 58 of 60



Grand Bassa Neekreen Own Your Own 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Charsville 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Gahneo 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Giah 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Kiaffarh 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Kpaye 9

Margibi Mambah Kaba Scheiffelin Township 9


Montserrado Greater Monrovia Barnard Farm 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Barnersville Estate 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Barnersville Road 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Bassa Town 2 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia New Georgia Estate 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia New Georgia Road 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Old Field Gulf/Sign Boar 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Old Field South 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Behwein Community 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Pipeline B 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Red Light 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Rehab/Borbor Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Rock Hill 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Samukai Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia SOS Transit 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Soul Clinic 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Bong Mines Bridge 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Upper Caldwell 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Vicky Spot 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Wood Camp 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Caldwell Community 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Caldwell Market 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Cassava Hill 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Central Caldwell 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Chicken Soup Factory 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia City View 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Crab Hole 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Dabwe Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Day Break Mouth Open 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Dixville A 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Dixville B 9

Page 59 of 60

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Dixville Water Side 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Duala Mombo Town-East 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Duan Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Duport Road N. East 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Duport Road North 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Duport Road South 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Gbandi Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Grass Field 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Johnsonville Road A 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Johnsonville Road B 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Kaba Town 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Kemah Town/Omega 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Kende-jah 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Little White Chapel 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia Morris Farm 9

Montserrado Greater Monrovia New Georgia 9

Montserrado Commonwealth Johnsonville Township 9

Mining/Concession and Farming Zone – LR10


Grand Cape Mount Gola Konneh Laar 10

Grand Cape Mount Porkpa Sokpo 10

Grand Gedeh Tchien Kannah 10

Grand Gedeh Putu Bio Wiah 10

Grand Gedeh Putu Lower Jebebo 10

Grand Gedeh Putu Upper Jebebo 10

Grand Gedeh Putu Zeenonblogbo 10

Grand Kru Upper Jloh Bluni 10

Grand Kru Fenetoe Barmeneh 10

Grand Kru Fenetoe Flenwleh 10

Grand Kru Bolloh Karlakpo 10

Grand Kru Dorbor Chanbeti 10

Grand Kru Dorbor Fubo 10

Grand Kru Dorbor Gballeh 10

Grand Kru Dorbor Kartorborh 10

Grand Kru Dorbor Putiah 10

Grand Kru Forpoh Bugbab 10

Grand Kru Forpoh Cheneken 10

Grand Kru Forpoh Meneh 10

Grand Kru Wlogba Gballah 10

Grand Kru Wlogba Phunoh 10

Grand Kru Nrokwia-Wesldow Weslow 10

Page 60 of 60

Rivercess Norwein Gbarsaw 10

Rivercess Norwein Kayah 10

Rivercess Jo River Bour Tarr 10

Rivercess Jo River Gono Tarr 10

Rivercess Jo River Jo-Wein 10

Sinoe Bodae Gmagmakpo 10

River Gee Nanee Meyan 10

River Gee Nanee Pumanaken 10

River Gee Nanee Wrejah 10

River Gee Nyenebo Dougboken 10

River Gee Nyenebo Gbetujah 10

River Gee Nyenebo Gbokoken 10

River Gee Nyenebo Hewoken 10

River Gee Nyenebo Kaytoken 10

Gbarpolu Gbarma Yangaya 10

Documents

LIVELIHOOD ZONING ACTIVITY IN LIBERIA - UPDATE · ecological differences within other countries, e.g. the high mountain to low rangeland of Kenya and Ethiopia, or the Sahara sands