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Attacks on liberty and the initiative power PAID proposals.Herearesomeofthelowlights: Inthe32yearsIhavebeenfollowingorparticipating individualliberty,fiscalinsanityandbiggovernment seenintermsoflegislativearrogance,attackson inthelegislature,thiswastheugliestsessionIhave GOOD DEFENSE KILLS BAD LABOR POLICIES 8 Continued on page 12 by Bob Williams A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 1 NON-PROFIT ORG. U.S. POSTAGE OLYMPIA, WA PERMIT #462
Citation preview
A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 1
NON-PROFIT ORG.U.S. POSTAGE
PAIDOLYMPIA, WAPERMIT #462
AN A+ EVENT 6 STATE FOOTPRINT EXPANDS 10
LIVING LIBERTYAPRIL 2008 | WWW.EFFWA.ORG A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION
GOOD DEFENSE KILLS BAD LABOR POLICIES 8
Continued on page 12
Attacks on liberty and the initiative power • Democrats deliberately crafted a challenge to Initiative 960,
whichrequireslegislativeapprovalforalltaxandfeeincreasesand reinforces Initiative 601’s spending limit and two-thirdsvoterequirementtoraisetaxes.Theytriedtoraiseliquortaxes(SB6931)byamajorityvotebutweretoldbyLieutenantGov-ernorBradOwenthatI-960requiresatwo-thirdsvote.SenateMajorityLeaderLisaBrownandherliberalbackersfiledalaw-suit(Brown v. Owen)tooverturnbothInitiative960andInitia-tive601.
• Themajority ignored I-960’s legislative approval requirement for fee increasesandinsteaddelegatedthatauthoritybacktotheaffectedagencies.I-960expresslyprohibitsdoingthat.Backgroundinfo:SB3381(omnibusfeebill);SupplementalbudgetSection218(23),222(1),302(4),309(1),401(1),602and603.
• Anattemptwasmadetomakeanend-runoftheconstitutionbyaward-ingallofWashington’selectoralvotestothepresidentialcandidatewhowinsthenationwidepopularvote.ThebillpassedtheSen-atebutdiedintheHouse.
• Democratstriedtorequirepaidinitiativesignaturegatherersto registerwith the state,make their addressespublic andhave aphoto ID to identify themas a signaturegatherer.Fortunately,thatproposaldied.
Private property/property taxesInNovemberwhenthelegislaturehaditsspecialonedaysessiontoreinstatetheonepercentlevylimit(Initiative747),SenatorBrownclaimedthelegislaturewouldtakefurtheraction in the2008session.Theydidn’t.Repub-lican attempts at reliefwere rebuffed. TheDemocratsignored a University ofWashingtonstudy
Inthe32yearsIhavebeenfollowingorparticipating
inthelegislature,thiswastheugliestsessionIhave
seenintermsoflegislativearrogance,attackson
individualliberty,fiscalinsanityandbiggovernment
proposals.Herearesomeofthelowlights:
SessionWrap-up
2008thatfoundgovernmentregulationsdroveuptheaveragepriceofahomeinSeattleby$200,000.Thismeanstheappraisedvalueofhomesarehigherandresultsinhome-ownerspayinghigherpropertytaxes.Thinkaboutthatforaminute.Duetonothingmorethangovernmentregulationsa
homeinSeattlecosts$200,000beforeyouevenstarttobuildit!Andmanymoreattemptsweremadetoincreasegovernmenttakings.Theworst
examplewas SB 5318whichwould have established awildlife corridor from theYukontoYellowstone.ThiscorridorincludedtheentirenortheastcornerofWash-ington,mostofIdahoandmuchofMontana.Rep.JoelKretzdidanoutstandingjobkillingthisproposal.
Supplemental budget Whenyouareinahole,stopdigging.TheSenateWaysandMeansCommittee
staffisprojectinga$2.4billiondeficitforthenexttwoyearbudget.Sowhatdidlegislatorsdo?
• They gave a tax rebate to “working poor families’amounting to $60 million/year. The administrativecostsforthisprogramare$3.5millionperyear.
• Theytook$8millionfromtheSeattleconventioncen-teranduseditforlow-incomehousing.
• Theypassedfamilyleavelastyearwithoutafundingsource.Thesupplementalbudgetauthorizes$6.2mil-liontostarttheprogram.
• Theyraided$101millionfromotheraccountstomakeitappearthattheyhadestablishedagoodreserve.
• Theyapprovedmore than260fee increases forstateagenciestotalingmorethan$740millionoverthenexttenyearsinafeebillandinthesupplementalbudget.
by Bob Williams
2 LIVING LIBERTY
23
4
6891012
“Quote”
Evergreen Freedom Foundation PO Box 552
Olympia, WA 98507(360) 956-3482
Fax (360) 352-1874 [email protected] • www.effwa.org
VOLUME 18, Issue 4
EFF’s mission is to advance
individual liberty, free enterprise and
limited, accountable government.
This Issue2 SUPREME COURT WATCH
3 LETTER FROM LYNN OUR MODERN DAY TRENTON pOLITICIAN’SpIpEDREAMMAYBECOMEREALITY
4READING THE FEDERALIST PART III LIBERTY AND PROSPERITY IN A GROWING AMERICA 6 ANA+EVENT
8 ADDITIONAL COLLECTIVE BARGAINING RIGHTS HURT TAXPAYERS
9 AMIXEDRECORDONOpENGOVERNMENT GOODDEFENSEKILLSBADLABORpOLICIES 10STATEFOOTpRINTEXpANDS,CRUSHESGROWTHESTIMATES LEGISLATORS DISDAIN OF THE PEOPLE
12 A WORD OF COUNSEL TO THE LEGISLATURE WHENYOUAREINAHOLE,STOpDIGGING
Publisher:Tom Henry
Editor:Tom Henry
Layout:Joel Sorrell
“If we don’t change, we can’t compete! That’s the
bottom line.”
– Ben Chavis, Principal, American Indian Public Charter High School
in the EFF movie Flunked
“�A�fine�film.�It’s�very�informative.�Very�challenging.”–�MICHAEL�MEDVED, March 19,
2008, on his nationally-syndicated radio show (1.9 million listeners)
6. Flunked Sneak Preview
Employer “gag” lawOnMarch19,theU.S.SupremeCourtheardargumentsinacase (Chamber v. Brown) thatcould impact laborrelationsinWashingtonstate.Thequestioniswhetheraprivateemployerwhoreceivesstategrantmoneycanbeprohibitedfromusingthemoney“toassist,promote,ordeterunionorganizing.”Californiaenactedastatute thatprohibitsemployers
who receive state grants from using these fundsto influence union organizing campaigns. Similar“employergag”lawshavebeenintroducedin15otherstates and could be inWashington’s future. The ideais amajor component of theWashington State LaborCouncil’s legislative agenda, and at least one versionwasintroducedinthelegislaturethisyear.Concernedthatthelawwillcompletelybarcompanies
from taking any position on union elections, theChamber of Commerce brought a lawsuit. Congress,they argue,meant for employer speech“tobe left forthefreeplayofcontendingeconomicforces.”Currently
employers cannot retaliate againstworkersfortheirchoicetounionize,butCalifornia’s law seems to be aneffort to assist union campaigns bysilencingtheopposition.TheNinthCircuit upheld the law,
ruling that employers are merelyrestrictedfromusingtaxpayerfundsto influence union elections—andarefreetousetheirownfunds.During oral arguments, Supreme Court justices
seemed to favor theChamber’s arguments.One laborlawexpertpredicteda6-3decisionfortheChamberofCommerce.Eitherway,therulingisboundtoinfluencenextyear’spolicydiscussionshereinWashington.
–Mike Reitz
Continued on page 8
S U P R E M E C O U R T
WATCH
A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 3
Letter from LynnLETTER FROM LY NNby Lynn Harsh
IOur modern-day Trenton
$500checkstopeople?Dowewantthem running elections, decidingwhogetselectedordowewantthemakesureitisthecommon people.”pro-freedom lawmakers tried to
add some “common sense” amend-mentstothebill,likerequiringcam-paign literature to include“paidforattaxpayers’expense,”prohibitingtaxpayerfundingtocandidates who run unopposed, requiring embezzledpublic campaign funds to be returned and limitingfundingtocitiesandtowns(asopposedtolibraryandfiredistrictsthatutilizelevyfunds).
twasnota full-scalebattle that turned the tideoftheAmericanRevolution.OnDecember26,1776,
in the midst of a roiling snowstorm, then-CaptainGeorgeWashingtonroutedtheHessiansatTrentonina45-minute“skirmish.”ThatAmericanvictorychangedeverything.TheBritishdecidedtheAmericanswereafarmore formidable foe than they had previously be-lieved. TheAmerican soldiers decided similarly.AndCongress,newlyinspired,gotseriousaboutsupportingitsfledglingarmy.Colonel Rall, the Hessian commander who lost his
life thatdayatTrenton,wasahiredgun.Sowerehissoldiers.Theydidn’thaveadeeploveforBritishvalues;theywerepaidtosubduetheAmericanrebels.CaptainWashingtonandhissoldiers,however,fought
withfervor,despitethefactthattheywerehungry,wetandcold.TwosoldiershadfrozentodeathonthewaytoTrenton.Yetthemenweresustainedbyanintangiblepromise that promised to become tangible. It wasfreedom theywerefighting for and theopportunity itwouldaffordthemandtheirfamilies.The desire for freedom that kept nearly dead men
walkingwasspelledoutinournewConstitution.Itwasprotectedthereaswell—atleastasprotectedashumanbeingscouldmakeit.Ourconstitutionbecamethelegallybindingdocument
that served to prevent us from using government tofurtherpersonalselfishambitions.OurFoundersknewfrompainfulexperienceandcenturiesofhistorythattheabilitytomakelawsthataffectlargeorsmallnumbersofpeopleisapowerthatcannotbegrantedlightly.Toprotect freedom from government, they decided thesovereignsinAmericawouldbethecitizensthemselves;astartlingdeparturefromwhattherestoftheworldhadeverknown.ThestandardthatissupposedtobeusedinAmerica
todeterminewhetherornotgovernmentshouldinsertitselfinaparticularissueiswhetherornotitviolatestheindividual rightsprotectedunderourConstitution.Byitsnature,governmenthasnorightsofitsown.Itonlyhastherightswethepeoplegrantit.So here we are, several hundred years after the
skirmish at Trenton, once again fighting for freedom.Whathappened?Freedomonlyworkswhenwe1)understandtheorigin
of our rights, 2) choose people to represent us who
also understand the origin, and 3) are diligent aboutgoverningourselves.Few Americans today understand the origin of our
rights,so,forthemostpart,boththeelectorateandthepool of candidates from which we select our electedrepresentatives reflect the same ignorance. How arewe toholdourelected representativesaccountable foradheringtostandardswhich,far toooften,neitherwenortheyunderstand?AndhowmuchneedIsayaboutourseeminginability
togovernourselves?I’llrepeatsomethingherethatIsaidafewyearsagoor
soinanothercolumn:Weshouldneverelectindividualswholegislateasif thestateismoreimportantthanitscitizens;asifcitizensexisttoservethegovernment;asifcollectiverightsaremore important than individualrights. When elected officials believe group “rights”aremoreimportantthanindividualrights,adangeroushybridoftotalitarianismhasbegunthatwilleventuallycompromiseeverybody’sliberty.A free society has virtuesworth preserving at high
cost,but itsnaturemakes itvulnerableandsomewhatunstable. The foundation and protection freedomrequires cannot bemaintained under the guidance ofcollectivists.Weshouldneverdoubtthecounselthatthepriceoflibertyiseternalvigilance.RussellKirkwroteandspokeaboutthesetofinvisible
principlesthatshapeandcontrolanysociety.
• Theirsetofmoralconvictions,meaningtherelation-shipbetween
Godandmanviceandvirtuehonestyanddishonestyhonoranddishonor
• Their setofpoliticalconvictions,meaning the rela-tionshipbetween
justiceandinjusticefreedomandtyrannypersonalrightsandpowerand their decisions about how to live togetherpeaceably.
• Theirsetofeconomicconvictions,meaningtherela-tionshipbetween
wealthandpovertypublicandprivateresponsibilitiesregardingmak-ingalivingandhowtheywilldistributegoodsandservices
SomeviewKirk’soutlineastoosimplistic,butitseemstomehehasprettymuchnailedit.It’sarareoccurrenceto hear public debate and honest inquiry about theseprinciples. Instead we have denigrated into selfishpartisanandspecialinterestshoutingmatchesthathaveaboutasmuchintellectualdepthasamudpuddle.Wecanchangethis.Attimeswemaybetemptedto
giveup,butthisisreallyneveranoption.The“skirmish”atTrenton is agood reminderof several fundamentalprinciples.• Certain battles may seem insignificant, but in the
courseofevents,faithfulnesstowinningthesmallerbattlescanturnthetideentirely.
• Agoodleader(ortwoorthree)ishardtocomeby,butisindispensabletovictory.
• Ferventbeliefandpassioninacauseisthelifebloodofamovement.Itwillbringlifebacktobodiesfrozenbydiscouragement,affluence,greedorignorance.
• Leaders and their followers who are merely hiredgunsaredefeatable.I’llendwithaquoteDavidMcCulloughused inhis
marvelous book 1776. It’s what George Washingtonaskedofhisbone-wearytroopsonDecember30,ofthatyear.“Mybravefellows,youhavedoneallIaskedyouto
do, andmore than could be reasonably expected, butyourcountryisatstake,yourwives,yourhouses,andall that you hold dear.You haveworn yourselves outwith fatigues andhardships, butweknownothow tospareyou.Ifyouwillconsenttostayonemonthlonger,youwillrenderthatservicetothecauseofliberty,andtoyourcountry,whichyoucanprobablyneverdounderanyothercircumstance.”Thestakesarehighforus todayaswell.Butunlike
Washington and his soldiers,we are notworn out bycold, hunger and neglect. Surely we can “render thatservicetothecauseofliberty,”forinthismodernday,we“knownothowtospareyou”either.
n 1942,Cincinnati SymphonyOrchestra conductorEugeneGoossensaskedcomposerAaronCopeland
towriteafanfaretoopenoneofthesymphony’scon-certs.Goossensaskedfora“stirringandsignificantcon-tributiontothewareffort,”andsuggestedatitlesuchasFanfare for Soldiers.Tohissurprise,CopelandnamedhiscompositionFanfare for the Common Man.pleased,Goossens asked to premiere the score at income taxtime.Coplandagreed:“I[am]allforhonoringthecom-monmanatincometaxtime.”Thoughtheysayotherwise,Washingtonlegislatorsdo
notseemtosharethisrespectforthecommonmanorhistaxes.In1992,morethan60percentofvoterspassedI-134andbannedtaxpayerfundedcampaigns.Thisyear,though, the legislature passedSB5278, removing the
prohibitionsolongasprogramsaresubmittedtovotersforapproval.The debate on the House floor revealed that tax-
payer funded political campaigns are not the “Ameri-candream,”butapolitician’sdreamtopreventprivatedonors, particularly businesses, from participating indemocracy.Rep.MarkMiloscia,D-30,castigatedbusi-nesscontributionsas“checkbookdemocracy.”Standingup for the freemarketplaceof ideas,Rep-
resentativeBillHinkle,R-13,describedtheelationheexperiencedwhenabusinessgavehimhisfirstsignifi-cantcampaigndonationandurgedhimtorunforoffice.“Thatiswhatwe’retryingtopreventhere,”Rep.Milo-scia continued. “Dowewant our democracy decidedbythefewpeoplewhohavetheabilitytogiveoutthose
by Ryan BedfordPolitician’s�pipe�dream�may�become�reality
I
Continued on page 12
4 LIVING LIBERTY
heAmericanFounderswere conservative revolutionaries.Leadingup to andevenduringtheWarforIndependence,mostdesiredsimplyareturntotheear-
lierstatusquo.TheAmericansfoughtnottosetupsomegrandnewexperiment,buttoprotecttheirestablishedrights,preservetheirexistingtrade,andrestoretheirlocalgovernments.TheRevolutionaryWarwas,inasense,theleastrevolutionaryaspectofAmerica’screation.Rathermoreoriginaland,indeed,revolutionarywouldbeAmer-ica’snewConstitution.ThephilosopherJohnLockehad,nearlyacenturybefore,providedavisionofgov-
ernment foundedon reason and consent.Skeptics had respondedbypointing to apainfulfact:neverhadasignificantgovernmentactuallyrestedonsuchafoundation.In1752,ScottishhistorianandphilosopherDavidHumechallengedthatLocke’sviewwas“notjustifiedbyhistoryorexperience,inanyageorcountryoftheworld.”Humepointedoutthattosuggestthatgovernmentpowerderivedfromconsentwould,“inmostpartsoftheworld[beconsidered]seditious.”WithinaquartercenturyofHume’swriting,thatseditionwassetoutonparchment
andsignedby56menwhopledgedtosupportitwith“ourLives,ourFortunesandoursacredHonor.”TheDeclarationof Independenceestablished theprinciples forAmericangovernment,includingtheLockeanideaofrestinggovernmentonreasonand“theconsentofthegoverned.”TheArticlesofConfederation,America’sfirstconstitution,wasmoreanalliance
thanagovernment.Itrestedontheconsentofthestategovernmentsandonlyindi-rectlyderiveditsfewpowersfromthepeople.TheConstitution,draftedelevenyearsaftertheDeclaration,wouldcreateatruenationalgovernment.Itwasnotstategov-ernments,butthepeoplethemselvesinspecialstateratifyingconventions,whowouldacceptorrejectthisnewplan.Indeed,itwasthequestionofratificationwithinNewYorkState that setAlexanderHamilton, JamesMadison,andJohnJay towriting,underthenamepublius,The Federalist Papers.
Federalist No. 9 (Hamilton): Small democracies, large republicsTheConstitutionwas not only revolutionary for establishing a regime upon the
deliberateconsentofthegoverned.Supportersofthenewnationalgovernment,ledbyJamesMadison,challengedanotherlong-heldassumptionabout“populargovern-ment.”Fromancienttimes,mosttheoristshadassumedthatgovernmentsofthepeo-
Part III:
Liberty and ProsPerity in a GrowinG americaThe FederalistReading
Reading The Federalist in 2008The Federalist Papers explain both the reasons for and the workings of the Constitution of the United States. It is “the most powerful body of political thought ever produced in America,” according to historian Rober t Middlekauff. For Americans who believe in the enduring value of the Constitution, The Federalist is an essential resource and a guide.
This essay is the third in a series to help readers understand and appreciate the lasting relevance of this American classic. Living Liber ty presents these monthly essays and encourages you to read The Federalist with us.
by Trent England
T
ple—democraciesandrepublics—werebestsuitedtosmallterritoriessimilartotheGreekcity-statesortheearlyRomanRepublic.CharlesMontesquieu, a Frenchwriter whowas banned by the RomanCatholic
ChurchandreveredinBritainandAmerica,wroteThe Spirit of Lawsin1748.“Itisnatural,”writesMontesquieu,“forarepublictohaveonlyasmallterritory;otherwiseitcannotlongsubsist.”OnOctober18,1787,theanti-FederalistwriterBrutusquotedthismaximofMonsesquieu, adding that “History furnishes no example of a freerepublic,anythingliketheextentoftheUnitedStates.”Responding to these sentiments, publius challenged both the idyllic view of the
ancientcitystatesandtheanti-FederalistcitationtoMontesquieu.FederalistNo.9,firstpublishedonNovember21,1787,beginswiththe“pettyrepublicsofGreeceandItaly.”Farfrombeingparagonsofpopulargovernment,thoseancientcity-statessuf-fered“perpetualvibrationbetween theextremesof tyrannyandanarchy.”publiusoffers that ifpopulargovernmentcandonobetter,perhaps theexperiment isbestdiscarded.Herepubliuscatalogstheadvancesin“thescienceofpolitics,”sincethoseancient
times.
Theregulardistributionofpowerintodistinctdepartments;theintroduc-tionoflegislativebalancesandchecks;theinstitutionofcourtscomposedofjudgesholdingtheirofficesduringgoodbehavior;therepresentationofthepeopleinthelegislaturebydeputiesoftheirownelection:thesearewhollynewdiscoveries,orhavemadetheirprincipalprogresstowardsperfectioninmoderntimes.
Tothislist,publiusadds“theenlargementoftheorbitwithinwhichsuchsystemsaretorevolve,eitherin…asingleStateor…onegreatConfederacy.”publiusreturnstoMontesquieu’swritingonrepublicstopointoutthatthesuppos-
edlyideal,smallrepublicsofoldweresmallerthanmostoftheAmericanstates.Tofollowthereasoningoftheanti-Federalists,suggestspublius,wouldrequire“split-tingourselvesintoaninfinityoflittle,jealous,clashing,tumultuouscommonwealths,thewretchednurseriesofunceasingdiscordandthemiserableobjectsofuniversalpityorcontempt.”Thesesmallstates—with theircorresponding“multiplicationofpettyoffices”—mightsatisfytheinterestsofsmallmen,but“couldneverpromotethegreatnessorhappinessofthepeopleofAmerica.”YetpubliusdoesnotdismissMontesquieu.Ratherhesuggestsadvancingonechap-
terforwardinThe Spirit of the Laws.TheConstitution,publiuswrites,createsnotsimplyarepublic,buta“Confederate republiC.”HequotessixparagraphsofMon-tesquieu’spraiseforsuchregimes,heldbytheFrenchwritertoprovidetheinternalbenefitsofarepublicwiththeexternal,defensivebenefitsofamonarchy.
Federalist No. 10 (Madison): The large republic and “the nature of man”Themostfamousofthe85Federalistessays,No.10isabout“faction.”Theword
appears 17 times throughout the essay andmeans something almost like “specialinterestgroup.”Yetpubliusisabitmorespecific.
Byafaction,Iunderstandanumberofcitizens,whetheramountingtoamajorityoraminorityofthewhole,whoareunitedandactuatedbysomecommonimpulseofpassion,orofinterest,adversetotherightsofotherciti-zens,ortothepermanentandaggregateinterestsofthecommunity.
This,writespublius,isthemortaldiseaseofpopulargovernments.Noristhiscon-cernsimplytheoretical.publiusattributesthe“prevailingandincreasingdistrustofpublicengagements,andalarmforprivaterights,”astheresultsof“afactiousspirit[that]hastaintedourpublicadministration.”
A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 5
February | Federalist No. 1: Introduction
March | Federalist Nos. 2–8: Importance of a union of all the states
April | Federalist Nos. 9–14: The size of the union and its economic conditions
May | Federalist Nos. 15–22: Defects of the Articles of Confederation government
June | Federalist Nos. 23–36: Necessity of “energetic” government
July | Federalist Nos. 37–40: The Constitutional Convention and its detractors
August | Federalist Nos. 41–51: Controlling government power
September | Federalist Nos. 52–61: The House of Representatives
October | Federalist Nos. 62–66: The Senate
November | Federalist Nos. 67–77: The Executive
December | Federalist Nos. 78–83: The Judiciary
January 2009 | Federalist Nos. 84–85: The lack of a bill of rights and the conclusion
During 2008, Living Liberty will present monthly essays and encourages you to read The Federalist with us.
“ the most PowerfuL body of PoLiticaL thouGht ever Produced in america.”
– robert middLekauff
The tendency of people to work togethertoward self-serving ends is not the result of aflawed formofgovernment, according topub-lius.“The latentcausesof factionare…sowninthenatureofman.”Man’sreasonisimperfectandisinfluencedbyhisownpassionsandself-servinginstincts.publiuspointstodisputesoverreligion, government and economics as exam-plesofman’stendencyto“vexandoppresseachother,”evenconcerning“themostfrivolousandfancifuldistinctions.”To extinguish the causes of factions, writes
publius,eitherlibertymustbeabolishedorciti-zensmustbemadeallthesame.“Libertyistofactionwhatairistofire,”publiuswrites.Thatis,giveamanfreedomandhebecomesapoten-tialthreattohisfellowmen.Yetabolishinglib-ertyisacure“worsethanthedisease,”accord-ing to publius. Likewise, making all men thesameisbothimpossibleandanattempttodosowouldbecontrarytothepurposeofgovernment.publiuspointsout that these samehumandifferencesexplainwhymenpursue
andpossess“differentdegreesandkindsofproperty.”protecting“thediversityinthefacultiesofmen,”includingtheexpressionofthisdiversityintheownershipofproperty,“isthefirstobjectofgovernment.”“[T]hecausesof factioncannotberemoved,”publiusconcludes,andso“relief
isonlytobesoughtinthemeansofcontrollingitseffects.”Herehefocusesontheparticularfactionmostthreateningtopopulargovernment,afactionmadeupofamajorityofcitizens.publiusidentifiestwomeansforlimitingtheeffectsofmajorityfactions,eitherpreventthemfromcoalescingorpreventthemfromeffectiveaction.Neither of these is possible in a direct democracyor a small state, according topublius.“Henceitisthatsuchdemocracieshaveeverbeenspectaclesofturbulenceandcontention.”Theonlygovernmentabletocontroltheeffectsofmajorityfactions,writespub-
lius,isanextendedrepublic.Thesystemofrepresentationincreasesthelikelihoodofwiseandpublic-spiriteddecisionmaking.Ina largerepublic,agreaterchoiceofcandidatesandahighernumberofvoterswill,publiussuggests,providebetteroptionsandproducebetteroutcomes.A largerpopulationwill includemorefac-tions,reducingtheriskofanyoneachievingamajority.Withalargelandarea,evenamajorityfactionwouldfinditdifficulttoactwithcoordinationordispatch.publiusconcludesFederalistNo.10writingthattheConstitutioncreates“arepub-
licanremedyforthediseasesmostincidenttorepublicangovernment.Andaccord-ingtothedegreeofpleasureandpridewefeelinbeingrepublicans,oughttobeourzealincherishingthespiritandsupportingthecharacterofFederalists.”
Federalist Nos. 11–13 (Hamilton): A national economyTheFederalist,liketheConstitution,isapracticaldocument.FederalistNos.11–13
considersomeofthemostpracticaleffectsofmaintainingnationalunity.publiuswritesinNo.11thatoneoftheclearestbenefitsoftheunionisincom-
merce,bothinternalandwithforeignnations.publiuspointsoutthatthecontinuedsuccessandexpansionofAmericancommercealreadythreatensEuropeanpower.Why,heasks,wouldthoselong-establishednationsfailtointerferewithAmericancommerceifprovidedanopportunity?Dissolutionoftheunionwouldprovidejustsuchanopening.publiusalsorecognizesthepowerof“threemillionsofpeople”joinedinacom-
monmarket.Free tradeamong thestateswillbenefiteachandwill facilitate theexportofAmericangoodsintoforeignmarkets.ThenavyofonegreatAmericannationwillfarsurpasswhatthestatescouldputtoseaontheirownorinsmallerconfederacies.InFederalistNo.12,publiusturnsfromcommercetotaxation.Oneofthefailings
oftheArticlesofConfederationgovernmentwasitsinabilitytocollectrevenue.Agovernmentcannotbeeffectivewithoutresources,yettaxesareneverpopular.pub-liusbeginshisdiscussionoftaxespointingoutthattaxationismadeeasier—forthepeopleandtheirgovernment—byprosperity.Inaddition,publiusnotesthatindirecttaxesarefarmoreacceptabletootherrevenuemeasures.Indirecttaxes,particularlyimportduties,arealsoeasierforthenationalgovernmenttocollect,providedthestatesremainunited.Withouttheunion,writespublius,smugglingandotherformsoftaxevasionwould
increase,requiringacorrespondingincreaseinenforcementmeasures.Ifindirecttaxesfailed,publiusthricesuggeststhatgovernmentswouldresorttotaxingland.Suchataxwouldfallhardestinpredominantlyanti-FederalistruralNewYork.FederalistNo.13makesaconciseargumentfortheefficiencyofoneunionrather
thanseveralconfederacies. If therewere twoor threeconfederacies,eachwouldrequirenearlythesamequantityofpersonsandresourcestooperateitasinasinglenationalgovernment.publiuspointsoutthateachofthepossiblesmallerconfedera-cieswouldremainlargerthanGreatBritain.
Federalist No. 14 (Madison): Too vast a land?publiusreturnsinhis14thessaytothequestionofhowbigistoobigandtothe
differencebetweendemocraciesandrepublics.Theanti-FederalistsuggestionthattheUnitesStatesissimplytoolargetogovernis,accordingtopublius,anappealto“prevailingprejudices”and“imaginarydifficulties.”Hesuggeststhatthecomplaintconfusesademocracyandarepublic.Ademocracymustbesmallbecausethere“thepeoplemeetandexercisethegov-
ernmentinperson.”Arepublic,administeredbythepeople’s“representativesand
agents…maybeextendedoveralargeregion.”publiussuggeststhatsomeoftheconfusionbetweentheseformsarisesfromforeigntheoristsintentondefendingtheirnativemonarchies.Addedtothat,publiusacknowledges,isthetrueuniquenessoftheAmericanregime.Beforeconcludingtheessay,publiusbrieflyaddressesfourpoints.First,thenational
governmentdoesnothave“thewholepowerofmakingandadministeringthelaws.”Instead,ithasspecific,enumeratedpowersrelatedtonationalissues.Second,oncethesystemisinoperationitmaybeenlarged,butitmayalsoremainrestrictedtotheoriginal13states.Third,transportationinfrastructurewillcontinuetoimproveatarapidpace.Finally,thefrontiernatureofmostofthestatesmeansthatthesecurityoftheunionisworthwhateverothertradeoffsmaybeinvolved.publiusharkensbacktotheRevolutionashecompleteshisargumentinfavorofa
single,strongnationalunion.Americansconcernedaboutthisnewideaofanextendedrepublicshouldconsider,writespublius,thelessonsoftheleadersoftheRevolution.
Happily forAmerica, happily,we trust, for thewhole human race, theypursuedanewandmorenoblecourse.Theyaccomplishedarevolutionwhichhasnoparallel in theannalsofhumansociety.They reared the fabricsofgovernmentswhichhavenomodelonthefaceoftheglobe.TheyformedthedesignofagreatConfederacy,whichitisincumbentontheirsuccessorstoimproveandperpetuate.
LeFt tO rightCHARlES MONTESqUIEU, DAvID HUME, JOHN lOCkE
6 LIVING LIBERTY
OutsidethedoorstotheLincolnSquareCinemainBellevuetherewasabuzzandhumofpeople—acrowd—quicklygatheringaroundtwoorthreesmalltablessetupthere.ItwasthenightofMarch18th,andEFFstaffhadsetthesetablesupasticketstationsforthefirstSneakpreviewEventforoureducationdocumentary,
by Lauren Zammit
Flunked.Bannersandpostershungaroundtheatriumheraldingthisoccasion—thefirsttimeFlunked wouldbepresentedforpublicviewing.Afterayear’sworthofworkonthefilmandmonthsofplanningforthisnight,oureffortswereabouttobeputtothetest.Inhindsight,Ithinkitwouldbesafetosay
thatwepassedwithflyingcolors.
photos by Joel Sorrell
WATCH�F
OR Flu
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�LOCATIO
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A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 7
Thefirstindicatorofoursuccesswastheturnout.BasedonthenumberofRSVpswewerereceivingupuntilthedayof the event,webooked a second auditorium forpossible overflow. This was a wise move. Althoughcriticssuggestedwemayhaveahardtimejustfillingourfirstlocation,whichheld438people, we comfortably useda majority of the seats in bothauditoriums.The evening began with a
wordofwelcomefromourhost,nationally syndicated talk radiohost and film critic MichaelMedved from 770 KTTH TheTruth—which partnered withEFFtohelppromoteandhosttheevent.Medvedwaspositiveandenthusiastic not only about thefilm,butalsoabout themissionof education. Medved cracked,“FlunkedistheonlymovieintheentireCineplexworthwatching,”andspentseveralminutesonhisnationaltalkshowthefollowingday praising the film and theworkofEFF.AfewwordswerealsospokenbyKTTHtalkradiohost
andformerEFFmanDavidBoze,ExecutiveproducerStevenMaggiandEFFCEOLynnHarshofferedtheirinsights. According to the theatre manager’s count,
“ Flunked will�be�
entered�into�a�number�
of�film�festivals�
this�summer�and�a�
distributorship�deal�is�
in�the�works�to�get�it�
on�to�television.”
“�A�fine�film.�It’s�very�informative.�Very�challenging.” –�MICHAEL�MEDVED, March 19, 2008, on his nationally-syndicated radio show (1.9 million listeners)
Flunkedwasviewedby650peopleinattendancethatnight.Manymusedaudiblyoverthethought-provokingsegmentonthehistoryofeducationreforminAmerica,while thecolorful remarksbyBenChavis—principalof theAmerican IndianpublicCharterSchool, anda
guest at the Sneak peak—abouthis use of cash and capitalisticprinciplestoinspirehisstudentstogetintheclassroomweremetwithlaughterandapplause.We were honored to have Ben
present at the Sneakpeek, aswellas some of our other “All-Stars”and experts of education: AngieDorman, a teacher from Warden,WA and winner of the 2006 “NoChild Left Behind American Starof Teaching Award” for our state;Billproser, founder and teacher atCoeurD’AleneCharterAcademyinIdaho;ThereseHolliday,founderoftheWyattHollidayFoundationandanadvocateofbettereducationforspecialneedskids;AndrewCoulson,DirectoroftheCenterforEducationFreedom at CATO Institute; and
Charlie Hoff of the Federal WaySchoolBoardofDirectorshereinWashington.Followingtheviewingandseveralenthusiasticrounds
of applause, we held a brief “Question andAnswer”
segment, inviting the audience to ask our hosts,All-Stars, experts and EFF staff questions about thecontentof thefilmandconceptsofeducation reform.Unfortunately, there were more questions than therewastimetoanswerthem,butdiscussionwascontinuedin the theater foyer,whereattendeesflocked tospeakwiththeseindividuals,andexchangeideasandopinionswitheachotherabouttheevent.All in all, the night was unified and enlivened by
a spirit of curiosity and concern for the mission ofeducation,ofprovidingthebestforthenextgeneration.ThishasbeenthemissionofFlunkedsincedayone,tobeusedasaninformativeandthought-provokingtoolpresented ina top-qualityandentertainingmanner…AndfromtheresponsesofarthattoolhasscoredanA+.Ithasbeenagreat encouragement for allofus—andanother great milestone for EFF—to see the successthis project is already producing. And the best partis,thisisstilljustthebeginningforalittlefilmcalledFlunked…EFF will be showing the documentary around the
state in the months ahead. We’ll have showings inOregonandCalifornia.Otherorganizationsacrossthecountryhaveinquiredabouthavingthefilmshownintheirstates.Flunked willbeenteredintoanumberoffilmfestivalsthissummerandadistributorshipdealisintheworkstogetitontotelevision.A great start and a bright future as we attempt to
changethelevelofdiscourseoneducationreform.
SPRInG2008 CAn�CLASS�SCHEDuLEWASHInGTOn�STATE�unIVERSITy,�PuLLMAn—APRIL�9-10,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 5:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. (dinner provided)Movie Preview & Discussion from 8:30 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.location: TBD
FEDERAL�WAy—APRIL�19,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 10:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. (lunch provided)location: Federal Way 320th library, Meeting Room 2, 848 S 320th St, Federal Way, WA
TRI-CITIES—MAy�10,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (lunch provided)Persuasive Writing Course from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. (dinner provided)location: TBD
CEnTRAL�WASHInGTOn�unIVERSITy,�ELLEnSbuRG—MAy�14-15,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 5:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. (dinner provided)Movie Preview & Discussion from 8:30 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.location: TBD
Please contact Juliana McMahan to register for any of these classes ([email protected] or 360-956-3482).
TACOMA—JunE�7,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (lunch provided)Persuasive Writing Course from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. (dinner provided)location: TBD
SHELTOn—JunE�14,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (lunch provided)Persuasive Writing Course from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. (dinner provided)location: TBD
PuyALLuP—JunE�21,�2008First Principles of Freedom Course from 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. (lunch provided)location: Puyallup Public library, South Meeting Room, 324 S Meridian, Puyallup, WA
REGISTER
8 LIVING LIBERTY
State Employee Health Benifit History
$-
$50,000,000
$100,000,000
$150,000,000
$200,000,000
$250,000,000
$300,000,000
$350,000,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Am
ount
State Employee Health Benifits
State Employee Salary History
$-
$500,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,500,000,000
$2,000,000,000
$2,500,000,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Am
ount
State Payroll
State General Fund
$-
$2,000,000,000
$4,000,000,000
$6,000,000,000
$8,000,000,000
$10,000,000,000
$12,000,000,000
$14,000,000,000
$16,000,000,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Am
ount
General Fund
stateemployees,whichcouldpoten-tiallycoststatesbillionsofdollars.Itishighlyunlikelyelectedofficials
willcutanypartoftheirpetprogramsor projects to cover newly incurredcosts.Whencurrentexpensescannotcoverthecostofaprogramorbene-fit,electedofficialsturntotaxpayersandforcethemtocoughupmoremoney.Believeitornot,everyworkerinAmericawantsmore
money,betterbenefitsandjobsecurity.But there isabigdifferencebetweenwhat workers want, what they needand what their employer can afford.Dollars don’t grow on trees—moneyhastocomefromsomewhere.Taxpayersneedtostartquestioning
the financial stranglehold the collec-tivebargainingprocesshasonabud-get.Asgovernmentscavetothehighdemands of big labor, there is lessmoneyavailableforstatestooperate,maintain current projects, and fix orrepairfailinginfrastructure.
Collective bargaining has affectedWashingtonState’sbudgetdrastically.According to the Washington StateOffice of FinancialManagement, thetotal general fund for 2004 was justunder $11.5 billion dollars. Of thatamount,$1.9billionwasspentonstateemployee salaries and another $230million was spent directly on stateemployeehealthbenefits.payrollexpensesimmediatelybegan
to skyrocket whenWashington Statepublic-sectorunionsweregrantedtherighttonegotiateexclusivelywiththegovernor’s office in 2004. In 2007,general fund expenditures jumped tomorethan$14.1billiondollars.Ofthatamount,$2.2billionwasspentonstateemployeesalaries,while$330millionwas spent directly on state employeehealth benefits—These figures don’tincludeK-12education.
With SEIU and other labor organizations draggingprivate-sectorindustriestothepublicbargainingtable,moretaxdollarswillbeneededtocoverincreasedcon-tractualobligations.Witha falteringU.S.currency,adrasticallyslowing
economyandaloomingrecessiononthehorizon,tax-payersneedtoholdelectedofficialsaccountablefortheirspendinghabits.Aslongasstategovernmentscontinuetohandoutpubliccollectivebargainingrightstoanyonewhoasksforthem,stateemploymentspendingfigureswillincreasedramatically.
nion membership numbers have been declin-ing formanyyears.Tocounter this loss,union
bossesarefindinginventivewaystoincreasetheirinflu-enceatthebargainingtable.Welcometothenewageofunionism.powerful labor unions like the Service Employees
International Union (SEIU) are breaking new groundby unionizing day care providers, home health careworkers,fosterparentsandothersacrosstheU.S.Theseprivatebusinessesandtheirworkersarebeingforcedto
joinaunionandpayduesfor“representation”theymaynotwantornecessarilyagreeisagoodidea.Businessesorindividualproviderswhodealwithpub-
licfundinginanycapacityarenolongersafefromthelongreachofbiglabor!Unionbossesarelikevultures,they’realwayscircling,waitingforthenextfallenpreyjust so they can get a freemeal. The real victims, orfallenpreyinthiscircumstance,aretheworkersandthetaxpayerswho have to fork outmoremoney to coverincurredcosts.Byallowingnewindustriesaccess to thebargaining
table, private-sectorworkers are turning intode facto
by Ryan HarrimanAdditional�collective�bargaining�rights�hurt�taxpayers
UIndividual rights in the Second AmendmentThe last case the U.S. SupremeCourtheardontheSecondAmend-mentwas70yearsago.OnMarch18 theCourtheardachallenge tothe District of Columbia’s totalhandgunban,placingacontrover-sial question squarely before theJustices:doestheSecondAmend-ment protect an individual righttogunownership?Gun rightsarenotwithinEFF’spolicyscope,but
wehelpedfileanamicusbriefwiththecourtopposingD.C.’s ban because this case has great potential todefine a fundamental individual liberty—a rightspecificallyprotectedbyourFoundingFathers—forgenerationstocome.Ourinterestwaswell-founded,asWalterDellinger,theattorneyforD.C.,arguedincourt thattheSecondAmendmentshouldhavezeroapplicationtoindividuals,exceptintheverynarrowcircumstanceofafederal lawthathinderedcitizensfrom joining a hypothetical state militia. In otherwords,theSecondAmendmentisarelicofthepastwithnopresentuse.With so few cases on the SecondAmendment to
draw from,much of the oral argument centered ontheinfluenceofthe1689EnglishBillofRights,oldEnglish laws preventing Scottish Highlanders fromcarryingguns, and the gun rights provisions of thestateconstitutionsineffectin1790.Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Scalia, Alito
and Kennedy indicated strongly that they believetheSecondAmendment does provide an individualright, above and beyond any connection to statemilitia service.Several timesKennedy, likely tobea swing vote, explicitly stated that he believed theAmendmentestablishesapersonalright.ButJusticesStevens and Souter asked many questions whichindicatedtheybelieveDC’sgunbanisconstitutional.JusticesGinsbergandBreyerdidnotindicateastrongposition eitherway. (As a side note,Breyer said helikedEFF’samicusbrief.Sortof.Hesaidthat“all80amicusbriefswereverygood.”)Overall, it appears likely thatadividedcourtwill
decide there is an individual right to keep andbeararms.What is lessclear ishow theCourtwillinstructgovernmentbodiesand lowercourtsacrossthenation,includingWashingtonstate,toapplythisright.–Jonathan Bechtle
Washington’s top-two primaryIna7-2decisionreleasedMarch18,theU.S.SupremeCourtruledthatWashington’stop-twoprimarysys-tem,enactedbyInitiative872,isconstitutional.TheNinthCircuithadstruckitdownasviolatingpoliticalparties’freeassociationrights,becauseitallowscan-didates to “self-designate” theirpartyon theballot,regardlessofwhether theyhadactuallybeennomi-natedbythatparty.But theSupremeCourt reversed theNinthCircuit
in an opinionwritten by Justice Clarence Thomas.HefoundthatunderI-872thepartiescouldstillhavetheirownnominatingprocessandputup theirowncandidate.Thepoliticalpartieshadarguedthatvoterswouldassumethatcandidatesontheballotwithpartydesignationswereactuallypartynominees,inessenceforcingpartiestoassociatewiththecandidateduetovoterassumptions.But Justice Thomas called this claim of voter
confusion“sheerspeculation,”sayingthestatecouldimplementI-872inavarietyofways(withgoodballotdesign,forexample)thatcouldeliminatethethreatofconfusion.JusticesScaliaandKennedydissented,arguingthe
top-twoprimary“permitsindividualstoappropriatethe parties’ trademarks, so to speak, at the mostcrucialstageofelection.”JusticeRobertsandAlito,while concurring with the majority, left open thepossibility of future challenges if voters do indeedbecomeconfusedbythepartylabels.
–Jonathan Bechtle
Supreme Court watch continued from page 3 . . .
“�Payroll�expenses�immediately�began�to�skyrocket�when�Washington�State�Public-sector�unions�were�granted�the�right�to�negotiate�exclusively�with�the�governor’s�office�in�2004.”
A PUBLICATION OF THE EVERGREEN FREEDOM FOUNDATION 9
his legislative session reminded me of what myfatherused to tellmeregardingsports:“Defense
wins ballgames.”Whether that adage is true I leavetosportsenthusiastsandhistorianstodebate.Iknow,though,thatagooddefensethissessionhelpedstopnu-merousproblematiclaborpolicies.Whileweknewdefensewouldbekeythisyear,EFF
prepared six pieces of model labor legislation priorto thebeginningof session.Ourgoalwas to providelegislators with information they could use to makeimportant, relevant changes in labor policy. Four ofthosesuggestionswereincorporatedintoactualbills.
HB 2911,byRep.BruceChandler,R-Granger,wouldhaveclarifiedthatdocumentsfromcollectivebargainingsessions are available to thepublic after the state andunionagreetoterms.AnothermeasurebyChandler,HB 2912,wouldhaveincreasedpublic-sectorunionfinancialtransparency and accountability to their members. AthirdbillbyChandler,HB 2975,wouldhavereformedagency shop fees by limiting those fees just to theamountaunionspentoncollectivebargaining.Finally,HB 3369 byRep. JimDunn, R-Brush prairie,wouldhave clarified and protected the rights of unionizedworkers with religious objections to the union. Eventhoughthesebillsdiedincommitteeduetothepoliticalmakeupofthelegislature,theirintroductionhelpedusachieveourgoalofperfectingthelegislativelanguageandstartingadiscourseontheissues.Therestofthesessioninvolvedquestioningthevision
ofpublic-sector laborunions anddefending taxpayersfrom diversions of state money to the unions. Sincelabor unions now encompass only around 13 percentofworkersinWashington’sprivatesector,unionshavebolsteredtheirnumbersbyconvincingpoliticianstoallowgovernmentworkerstounionize.Thistrend,however,hasnotstoppedwith traditionalstateemployees.Thissession,unionstriedtoexpandpublic-sectorcollectivebargainingrightsintotheprivatesector.
HB 2449, by Rep. Eric pettigrew, D-Seattle, was ahigh-profile bill allowing the directors andworkers ofsmall child-care centers to bargain together for higher
by Trent EnglandA�mixed�record�on�open�government
by Scott DilleyGood�defense�kills�bad�labor�policies
T subsidiesfromthestate.Thesubsidies,whichhelppayforlow-incomeparentstosendtheirchildrentodaycare,would have been redirected away from children andtoward theunionasdues.Thebill, championedby theServiceEmployeesInternationalUnion,passedtheHousebutdiedintheSenatejustbeforetheendofsession.
HB 3145 by Rep. Ruth Kagi, D-Lake Forest park,beganastieredlicensingprogramforfosterparentsofcertain disabled children. TheWashington Federationof State Employees lobbied for the bill, as passed bythe House, to include collective bargaining rights forthesespecializedfosterparentssothattheycouldbeginbargaining with the state for increased stipend andreimbursement rates. The unionization proposal metresistance in the Senate,which amended themeasureintoastudybillthatdidnotincludecollectivebargaining.AftertheHouserefusedtoconcur,theSenateamendedthebilltobeapilotprogramthatincluded,amongotherthings, tiered reimbursement. There is nomention ofcollectivebargaininginthefinalversion,whichpassedandawaitsthegovernor’ssignature.In 2007 the legislature allowed adult family home
providers—individualswho run small homes for careoftheaged—tobargainforhigherreimbursementrates.Thisyear,HB 2672byRep.SteveConway,D-Tacoma,and companion measure SB 6350 by Sen. Margaritaprentice,D-Renton,wouldhaveextendedsimilarrightsfor workers to bargain for higher wages. SEIU andWFSEdisagreedonprovisionsofthebill,whichdidnotadvanceoutofcommittee.EFF,child-carecenterdirectors,fosterparents,adult
home providers and other interested parties criticizedthese proposals because they create complicatedsolutionstoproblemswitheasieranswers.Forinstance,lawmakers already have the power to adjust thesepayments and can do sowithout pressure from laborunion officials. Redirecting money to a middlemanso that person can ask you to sendmoney elsewhereisawasteofpublicfunds.Expandingbargainingalsoperpetuates thecycleof increasingunionmembershipfundswhichcanthenbeusedforpoliticalpurposes.
Wealsoanticipatedunionactiononissuessuchasneutralityagreements,card check and prevailing wage.HB 2383, a neutrality agreementbill sponsored by Rep. Mike Sells,D-Everett,andcarriedoverfromlastyear, would have imposed speechrestrictionsonemployerswhoreceivecontracts,subsidiesortaxexemptionsfromthestate.Thebill,fraughtwithlegalquestions,metwithearly,strongresistance from the business community and did notmoveanyfarther thissession.Therewerenoattemptstoeliminatethesecretballotand/orlowerthethresholdamountof interest to formapublic-sectorunion (cardcheck).Finally,expandinghigher,union-rateprevailingwages to non-capital government projects—such aspublic/private partnerships—did not happen.EFF andotherscriticizedtheseproposalsearlyinthelegislativeprocess,keepingthemfromgainingtraction.The biggest shortcoming in the session was the
granting of collective bargaining rights to studentemployeesatWSU.SimilarrightsweregrantedtoUWstudentemployeesin2002.Finally,thelegislaturefundedthestart-upcostsforthe
paidfamilyleaveprogramwithoutaddressingastrategyforlong-termfunding.BenefitsarescheduledtobegininOctober2009,butthefundingissuesaretoocontentioustodecidebeforethisfall’selections.EFFcriticizedtheprogramandthelegislature’sirresponsiblebehaviorofestablishinganewbenefitprogramwithoutdecidingonanadequatefundingsource.In summary, a good defense blocked almost all of
the bills to expand the grip of labor unions on stateworkers, government and taxpayers. EFF met itsprioritiesinofferingoffensivestrategiesandeducatingthe legislature and the public about the ill effects ofincreased unionization. Most importantly, the unionsandtheiralliestippedtheirhandstorevealtheirstrategyto make certain private-sector workers into de factogovernment employees.Nowwe know betterwhat toexpectfromtheseorganizationsinthefuture.
rustme.”ThatisperhapstheleastlikelyphraseintheEnglishlanguagetoinspiretrust.When
government says, “Trust me,” citizens are reasonablywary.Afreesocietyrequiresagovernmentthatisasopen
aspossible.Governmentispower,theorganizeduseofforce.Excessive secrecy is ahallmarkof tyranny.Ontheotherhand,governmentopenness—lettingthe‘sun-shine’in—empowerscitizens.ThelegislativesessionjustendedinOlympiabrought
afewnewraysofsunshinetostategovernment.Severalopengovernmentproposalsthatfailedthisyearhaveagoodchanceofsuccessin2009.Yetotherproposedlawscontinuetosay,“Trustme.”WithWashingtonStategovernmentspendingup34%
infouryears,manycitizensareinterestedinwhereallthose tax dollars are going.One bright spot this yearwaslegislationtocreateasearchablewebsitewithcom-prehensiveinformationonstatespending,revenuesandperformancemeasurements.Thenewwebsitepromisescitizens greater oversight of how government uses its“powerofthepurse.”Several unsuccessful proposals aimed to increase
otherkindsofgovernmentinformationavailableontheinternet, including notices about special governmentmeetings,informationfrompastmeetingsandanynewordinances or regulations approved by a governmentagencyorboard.Thepublichasarighttoknowaboutandattendoffi-
cialgovernmentmeetingsaccordingtotheOpenpub-lic Meetings Act. Unfortunately, sometimes parts ofthis lawareignored.Today,themaximumpenaltyfor
StateAuditor’sOffice,buttooneoftheir own supervisors or the StateAttorneyGeneral.Onesuccessfulpieceoflegislation
increasesthepublic’saccesstogov-ernmentreportsaboutseriousmedi-cal errors. Many other healthcarebills would have prevented publicdisclosureofbroadareasofpublicrecords.perhapsonereasonthesemeasuresfailedisthegrowingawarenessamong legislators that citizens take open governmentseriously.Vagueoroverbroadexemptionstoopenpublicmeet-
ingsortheavailabilityofpublicrecordshaverealcosts.Notonlydotheychipawayatthepowerofthepeople,buttheyoftenleadtogovernmentabusesandprolongedcourt battles. A vague exemption is a grant of broadpowerstogovernmentofficialsandjudges.Whileopengovernmentisnotautomaticallygoodgov-
ernment,secretpowercorrupts.H.G.Wells’visionofTheInvisibleManbirthedagenreofimaginativestoriesabouttheultimateformofsecrecy.Onethemeofthesetales is that powerwithout responsibility—with com-pletesecrecy—istoodangerousathingformostmen.The success and near-success of open government
legislationthisyearisimportanttoallWashingtonians.Yet the best way to increase citizens’ control overgovernmentistomakethatgovernmentsmaller,tolimitits reach to only those areaswhere collective force isnecessary.Onlywhengovernment isboth limitedandswathedinsunshinecancitizensremainconfidentthatweareincontrol.
aviolationis$100.Legislationnearlypassedthisyeartoraisethatto$1000.OneexceptiontotheOpenpublicMeetingsActper-
mitsgovernmentofficialstoholdclosed“executiveses-sions”totalkaboutpersonnelissues,lawsuitsandrealestatenegotiations.Thesethreeexceptionsmakesense,but theStateAuditor’sOfficehas identifiednumerousexecutivesessionsthateitherstrayedbeyondthesetop-ics or failed to properly document their reasons. Yetwhatcancitizensdooncetheyhavebeenshutoutofameeting?AbillsponsoredbyDemocraticandRepublicanlead-
ersintheStateHouseofRepresentativestriedtoanswerthatquestion.Ifpassed,itwouldhaverequiredtheaudiorecordingofexecutivesessions.Thatway,ifchallengedlater, a judge could listen to the recording and deter-mineiftheclosedmeetingwaslegalornot.Aslongastheexecutivesessionwasproper, therecordingwouldremainrestricted.IftheOpenpublicMeetingsActwasviolated, the recording could be released and the citi-zensvindicated.Both the move to record executive sessions and to
increase penalties forOpenpublicMeetingsAct vio-lationswere opposed—with local tax dollars—by theAssociationofWashingtonCitiesand theWashingtonStateAssociationofCounties.Anotherbillthatmadeprogressthisyear,butstillfailed
topass,aimedtoincreasetheprotectionofwhistleblow-ers.Governmentworkerswouldhavenewprotectionstoexpose“grossmismanagement,abuseofauthority,”ormanipulationof scientificor technical information.Theycouldmakeawhistleblowerreportnotonlytothe
“T
10 LIVING LIBERTY
by Brian ZapotockyState�footprint�expands,�crushes�growth�estimates
I fthestatebureaucracyhadafoot,itwouldbecompa-rableinsizetothatofprofessionalbasketballplayer
ShaquilleO’Neal and require a size21, triple-E shoe.That’sabouttwofeetlong!UnlikeShaq,thestate’sfoot-printisexpandingrapidlyandrequirestaxpayerfundstocoverthecosts.Statespending,employmentandtaxeshaveincreased
steadily over the past decade. We examined anotherconcretemeasure thatexemplifies the insatiableappe-titeofbureaucracy:thegrowthrateofactual,physicalspacerequiredtooperatethestateovertime.BycomparingtwostategovernmentreportsforThur-
ston County—the home for all state executive andagencyofficeheadquarters—citizensgaina rareviewintothefantasticexpansionofstatebureaucracysince2000. The Department of General Administration (GA),
a central support service agency engaged in facilitiesplanningandmanagementforthestate,releasedastudyinJune2006whichfoundThurstonCountyishometoapproximately 8.3 million square feet of governmentownedandleasedfacilities.Asimilarstudyreleasedbythesameagencysixyears
earlier, in October 2000, identified only 5.3 millionsquarefeetofgovernmentownedandleasedspace.Thetwostudiessignalanastoundinggrowthof56percentduring this six year period, not counting educational,technical, operational and field facilities and certainstateparkfacilities.Evenmoredisturbingistheinaccuracyofthegovern-
ment’s own tenyear growth estimates outlined in thesameOctober2000report.Thereportsuggestedacquir-ingbetween550,000and1.2millionadditionalsquarefeetoveratenyearperiodtoprovideforagrowingnum-berofstateemployees.Despiteanupdatedreportthefollowingyear,theGA
significantly underestimated state government expan-sionover thenext tenyears.Even themostambitiousestimatefellshortofthe8.3millioninactualsquarefeetalreadyidentifiedintheGA’sJune2006report.Withalittlemorethanfouryearsremainingintheten
yeartimeframe,statefacilitygrowththreatenstoqua-drupletheoriginalgrowthrateprojection.
Tough times aheadWith a national recession looming and an estimatedstate budget deficit of $2.4 billion for the upcomingbiennium,nowistheidealtimetoconsiderthefutureroleofthestategovernment.State government is the largest landowner and
employer inThurstonCounty.Thestate’scomprehen-sivefacilitiesinventorysystemidentifiedmorethan700leasedandownedfacilitiestotalingmorethan12mil-lionsquarefeet(includingschools).TheGA’sJune2006reportidentifiedabout23,000employees.Hundredsoffacilities,millionsofsquarefeetandtens
ofthousandsofstateemployeesrepresentasignificantexpenditureonthepartofWashingtontaxpayers.Thestateshouldbeheldaccountableforthisandbeabletodemonstrate a reasonable, efficient use of the public’sresources.Basiccomparisonstoprivateenterprisesandrecentperformanceauditfindingsseemtocastdoubtonthestate’sabilitytomanageresourceseffectively.The state enjoys enough space and employees to
house and operate sixty-seven storefronts the size ofoutdoorretailergiantCabela’s.(Note:Cabela’sonlyhas
24storesnationwide).That is sixty-seven,185,000squarefootbuildings“featuringadécorofmuseum-quality animaldisplays,hugeaquariumsand trophyanimals inter-actinginrealisticre-creationsoftheirnatu-ralhabitats.”Thestate’sbiennial$29.6billiongeneral
fund budget makes it comparable to suc-cessful corporations such as Yahoo ($13billion,2006-07revenue),Google($27bil-lion,2006-07revenue)andStarbucks($17billion,2006-07revenue).Yetstategovern-mentisnotnearlyasefficientasthesepri-vatecorporations.Consider that nine performance audits
ofstateoperationscommissionedafterthepassage of Initiative 900 have cataloguedtheopportunityformorethan$3billionincostsavings.Most private corporations could not
remain competitive with such wastefulspending, and would lose customers and investors torivals. State government does not have this problem,sinceitisapublicmonopolywherecustomersare“cap-tivecitizens”whofacehighcostsmovingtorivalstatesalthough,whenthestakesarehighenough,peoplewillmigrate.Soitisnotsurprisingthatthestatehas,by-and-large,
chosen to ignore theresultsof theperformanceauditsduringthe2007-2008legislativesession.Each dollar lost to the inefficiency of the state gov-
ernment bureaucracy is a dollar that could have beeninvestedlocallybyWashington’sprivatecompaniesandcitizens topromotewealthcreationandahigherstan-dardofliving.Likewise,everyfacilityandpieceofrealestate occupied by state government employees couldhouse a wealth-creating and job-generating privatebusiness.Citizensmustbecontinuouslyawareofthecostsasso-
ciatedwithaneverexpandingstategovernment.Intheupcomingtightbudgetyears,wecanill-affordtosup-port and encourage a wasteful and extravagant statebureaucracy.
nitiative 960 came under full assault by certainmembersofthemajoritythissession.
Legislators have proven themselves to be entirelyscornful of I-960’s two-thirds requirement for taxincreases, legislative approval requirement for all feeincreases, and reporting requirementsforproposedtaxorfeeincreases.They are alternately suing, ignoring
and actively complaining about thepurposefulconstraintsI-960isputtingontheirabilitytospendtaxpayerdollars.
Senate majority lawsuit to overturn I-960Senator Lisa Brown filed a writ of
mandamus (Brown v. Owen) againstLieutenant Governor Brad Owen aftera showdown on February 29 over thelegislature’s inability to raise liquortaxeswithasimplemajorityvote. Thewrit asked the State Supreme Court tooverturn fifteen years of law byMarch 13when thelegislaturewasscheduledtoadjourn.Fortunately, the Supreme Court denied Senator
Brown’s request forexpedited reviewand toldher, inlayman’sterms,thatshewouldhavetogotothebackofthelinelikeeveryoneelse.Inthemeantime,shehasbeenhardatworksubmitting
editorialsjustifyingherlawsuittopapersallacrossthestate—whatIliketocallher“Tour de CYA.”
Washington voters twice approved a two-thirdssupermajorityvoterequirementfortaxincreasespassedbythelegislature.WhywouldSenatorBrown and her special interest
backerswant todismantle thewillof thepeople?Anincoming $2.4 billion budget deficitmayhavesomethingtodowithit.Legislators are in a morass of
their ownmaking. They have spent,promisedandcommittedtoaslewofnewprogramsandpoliciesforwhichthey cannot pay. The tab is comingdueandsome legislatorswant todigdeep into the wallets of taxpayersrather than properly prioritize themoneytheyhave.Senator Brown’s grandstanding
is curious given that the two-thirdsrequirement has been in place since1993,whenInitiative601waspassed
by voters. The Legislature could have removed thethresholdatanytime,butinsteadonlysuspendeditin2002andagainin2005.WhenpassedinNovember,Initiative960reaffirmed
thetwo-thirdsrequirementestablishedbyI-601.Ratherthanfacingthepoliticalconsequencesofrepealingit,Sen.Brownisaskingthecourttodecide.Herpositiononsupermajorityvotes isastoundingly
hypocritical.TheSenateimposesvariousrulesonitself
State Owned & Leased Facilities in Thurston CountyEstimated Growth
Year 2000 2006 2010
Square Feet 5,300,000* 5,980,000** 6,500,000
Growth Rate - 12.83%** 22.64%
Actual Growth
Year 2000 2006 2010
Square Feet 5,300,000* 8,300,000 10,594,118***
Growth Rate - 56.60% 99.89%*** *Based on October 2000 report, not revised GA data from March 2008.**2006 estimate based on GA 2010 estimated growth statistics.***2010 projection based on 2006 actual growth statistics.
thatrequiresupermajorityapproval,includingRule53,whichrequiresa60percentvotetoadoptamendmentstothebudget.If the legislature can adopt
restrictions not in the Constitution,socanthevoters.NotonlyisSenatorBrown’sposition
hypocritical,butitalsodisplayslittleknowledgeoftheState Constitution. I-601 does not improperly amendourConstitution,asSenatorBrownclaims.Article II, Section 22 establishes the majority
requirement for passing abill.Thekeyphrase in thesectionis,“Nobillshallbecomealawunless…”Thepassage does not read, “A bill shall become a lawwhen…”Thesectionlaysouttheminimalconstitutionalthresholds thatmust be reached in order for a bill tobecomelaw.Contrary to Senator Brown’s assertion, this phrase
wasputinasafloornotaceiling.Theconstitutionaldrafterswere concernedwith preventing bill passagewithlessthanamajority,astheirrejectionofaproposaltoallowpassagebyamerequorumvotedemonstrates.TheCaliforniaConstitutionhasacounterpartthatis
nearlyidenticaltoourConstitution’s“simplemajority”requirement.InPeople v. Cortez,aCaliforniaappealscourt held that proposition 8, which required a two-
by Amber GunnLegislators�disdain�will�of�the�people
I
Continued on next page
“Legislators are in a morass of their own making. They have
spent, promised and committed to a slew
of new programs and policies for which they
cannot pay.”
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thirdsvoteoftheLegislaturetosupportanamendment,wasnotinconflictwiththesimplemajorityprovision. “Clearlyabillwhichobtainstheapprovaloftwo-thirdsofthemembershipofeachhousehasalsoobtainedtheapprovalofamajorityofthelegislatorsineachhouse.”
Legislators ignore I-960’s fee approval requirementsToward the end of session, legislators hurriedly rail-
roadednewfeeincreasesintoonegiantomnibusbill,HB3381.Theoriginalbillwouldhavecostaffectedfeepay-ersanestimated$763millionoverthenexttenyears.Oncethepress(andEFF)gotwindofit,legislatorsre-
movedabout$700millionworthoffeesandtuckedthemlovinglyandsafelyintothesupplementalbudgetbill.But here’s the kicker: certain remaining sections in
theomnibusbillandthosethatestablishnewfeesrath-er than just fee increases—delegateauthorityback toagenciestodeterminetheirownfees,ratherthanlistingtheactualfeeincreaseamount,asrequiredbyInitiative960.
Forexample,oneoftheviolatingsectionsreads,“The[DepartmentofHealth]mayestablishfeesasnecessarytorecoverthecostof[HB1103]asnecessary.”Thisisanewsection,referringtoanewbill,which
creates a new fee. That fee has not been determinedyet and the legislaturewas not inclined to specify it.ThisamountstoablankcheckallowingDOHtochargewhateveritwants.ThisisexactlywhatI-960expresslyprohibits.Sec. 14, (1) reads, “No fee may be imposed or in-
creasedinanyfiscalyearwithoutpriorlegislativeap-provalandmustbesubjecttotheaccountabilityproce-duresrequiredbysection2ofthisact.”Further,theintentofSection14states,“Thepeoplewant
toreturntheauthoritytoimposeorincreasefeesfromunelectedofficialsatstateagenciestothedulyelectedrepresentativesofthelegislatureortothepeople.Thepeoplefindthatfeeincreasesshouldbedebatedopenlyand transparentlyandup-or-downvotes takenbyourelectedrepresentativessothepeoplearegiventheoppor-tunity tohold themaccountableat thenextelection.”
Clearly,thecommitteemembersdisregardedthispartofI-960whentheyallowedtheomnibusbilltopasswiththeaffectedsections.Delegatingauthoritytoagenciestoraisefeesisaviolationofthelaw,butthatdidn’tstopthem. Why is this happening? Are legislators purposefullyviolatingthelaworaretheyjustoverlookingit?Eitheroptionisnotagoodone.“Shall legislators…betheservantsor themastersof
thepublic?”This was the question presented to the people of
Washingtonnearly100yearsagowhentheywereaskedtoapprovetherightofinitiativeintheformoftheSev-enthAmendment.Today,wehaveanewpowerstruggletranspiring,but
thequestionisthesame.Whoshouldprevail?TheStateConstitutionisclear.
“Allpoliticalpowerisinherentinthepeople,andgov-ernmentsderivetheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned,andareestablishedtoprotectandmain-tainindividualrights.”
Legislators continued from page 10 . . .
12 LIVING LIBERTY
TransportationTheTransportationCommitteesintheHouseandSen-aterefusedtoholdpublichearingsonthefourtranspor-tationperformanceauditswhichidentified$3.1billionin potential savings. The legislature simply does notwant toexercise itsoversight responsibilities,andyougettopayfortheirlaxness.Thecongestionauditpointedoutthatcongestionrelief
is stillnotapriorityof the legislaturedespite the factthat congestion could be reduced by 15 to 20 percentwithintheexistingDOTbudgetifspendingwaspriori-tizedbasedonsafetyandcongestionrelief.Theauditsalsofoundatleast40percentofallDOT
employees are administrative!AsoneDOTemployeesaid,“that’sprobablybecausewehavetomeetalloftheDepartmentofEcology’srulesandregulations!”Muchoftheferryboondogglecanbelaidsquarelyon
theshouldersofthelegislature.Theferryauditpointedoutthatthetransportationcommitteesfailedtoprovideproperoversightoftheferrysystem.Meanwhile, the governor and legislature want
us to reduce our driving by 50 percent by 2050.(E2SHB2815)
Climate change E2SHB2815will, ineffect,allowthestatetotellyouwhereyouwork,whereyoulive,whatsizecaryouwilldriveandhowmuchelectricityyouwilluse.Itrequiresemissionstobereducedto1990levelsby
2020,to25percentbelow1990levelsby2035,andto50percentbelow1990levelsby2050.Thenewlawalsorequirespercapitamilestraveledto
bereducedby50percentby2050anddirectsthestatetoadd25,000“greencollar”jobsby2020.Ofcourse,
heSenateWaysandMeansCommittee is fore-casting a $2.4 billion deficit for the next two
yearbudgetperiod(09-11)anda$5.1billiondeficitinthefollowingbiennium.Otherstatesarereducingspending,butourlegislators
arespendingwithout regardas tohowmuch incomethestateisreceiving.Rarely,ifever,dolegislatorsseeasimplechartshowingtheestimatedrevenueforecastforthetwoyearbudgetperiodcomparedtotheamounttheyarespending.Rather,legislatorsarepresentedwitha“total
resources” estimate for the biennium,which includes one-time begin-ning balance funds and trans-fers between state accounts.By focusing on resourcesrather than revenue, leg-islators and the publicdonotgetanaccuratepicture of howmuchthey are actuallyspending comparedto the state’s rev-enue.This would be
equivalent to a fam-ilyincludingone-timeavailable emergencyfundsandretirementor
nomechanismisinplacetomakesuchthingshappen,but you can seewhere this ‘nanny state’ is trying totakeus.
Performance auditsThenineperformanceauditsreleasedsofarhaveidenti-fied$3.3billioninpotentialsavingsatacostoflessthan$8million.TheGovernorandSecretaryofHealthMarySelecky
havedoneanexcellentjobimplementingtheauditrec-ommendationsoftheDepartmentofHealthaudit.However,otherthantheportofSeattleaudit,thelegis-
laturehasdoneapoorjobinconsideringtheotherauditsandimplementingtheirrecommendations.Thelegisla-turedidpassaportcontractingbillthataddstranspar-ency, tightens contracting rules and encouragesmorecompetition.Unsuccessfulattemptsweremadetotakemoneyfrom
thededicatedperformanceauditaccountanduse it toreimburseschooldistrictsandEducationalServiceDis-trictsforcostsofperformanceaudits.
Budget transparencyGood news! An EFF proposal to create a searchableonline database for state government budgets wasadoptedbythelegislature(ESSB6818).ThebillrequirestheLegislativeEvaluationandAccountabilityprogramtosetupasearchabledatabasebyJan.1,2009whichwillbelinkedtoperformancedata.Thebadnewsisthatthelegislaturecontinuedtohold
lastminutehearingson fee increases and supplemen-talbudgetswheretheactualproposedlegislationwasn’tavailable until the hearing started. EFF continues tourgea72hourtimeoutperiodbeforecommitteeorflooractiontakesplace.Inotherwords,thelegislationmustbeonthewebsite72hoursbeforeavotecanbetaken.
Senate house governor Adopted Budget
Rev. forecast (Feb. 2008):
$31,984,000,000 $31,984,000,000 $31,984,000,000 $31,984,000,000
Proposed supplemental:
$326,755,000 $304,850,000 $235,527,000 $306,163,000
Adjusted NGFS budget:
$33,692,337,000 $33,670,432,000 $33,601,109,000 $33,671,745,000
Deficit: -$1.708 billion -$1.686 Billion -$1.617 Billion -$1.688 Billion
savingsaccounttransfersinordertobal-ancetheirmonthlybudget.Itisdanger-oustobudgetone-timeonlyfundstopayforongoingexpenses,butthatisexactlywhatthelegislatureisdoing.
If we compare projected revenue(Near General Fund) with theadoptedbudgetforthisbiennium,weseeanastyredpenshortfall.What thatmeans is thatGov-ernorGregoireandlegislatorsare spending far more thanthey are taking in. This istrueforanyoftheproposedsupplementalbudgetsbytheHouse,SenateorGovernor.This deficit plus the carry
forward costs (bow wave)which includes inflation andcaseloadswillresultinthe$2.4
billiondeficitforthenexttwoyearbud-get.Thegovernor andcertain legislators
would rather not focus on the conse-quencesoftheiroverspending.“Thisisnotimetotalkabouttaxes,”GovernorGregoire told the Spokesman-Reviewon March 4th. “Why are we talkingabouttaxes?I’mnotgoingtoscarethepeopleof thestateofWashington.Nogoodcomesofthat.WearesittingonasurplusandI’mproudofthat.”Unfortunately this “surplus” is a
superficialestimatebasedonone-timeonlycarryoverfundsandtransfers.Legislators have increased spending
by34percentoverthepastfouryears.It is time tostepoff the rollercoasterandbudgetresponsibly.
A Word of Counsel to the Legislature: When You are in a Hole,
DiggingBy Amber GunnStop
T
When Rep. Bruce Chandler, R-15, introduced anamendmenttorequireapublicmeetingongovernmentfunded political campaigns, Rep. Marko Liias, D-21,argued“Ithinkfundamentally,weshouldn’tbemicro-managingthedecisionsthatourlocaljurisdictionsmakeandhowtheytakepublicinputonthesethings….”Thelegislature’s refusal tomicromanage local government“isgoingtocomeasashocktohundredsifnotthousandsoflocalofficialsacrossthisstate,”repliedRep.Chandler.“Itisinterestingthatinthiscase,andthiscasealone,wechoosetoletanythinggowhenitcomestothejurisdic-tionsoflocalgovernments.”HouseDemocrats ledbyRep.SamHunt,D-20, also
argued that his support for the measure was “aboutlocalgovernment, localcontrol.”Yetearlierintheses-sion,Rep.HunthadprimesponsoredabilltoeliminateprecinctpollingplacesinpierceCounty,overridingthedecisionofthecounty’sownelectedofficials.Hunt’sbillevenincludedanEmergencyClauseinordertoforceanimmediateandunchallengeablechange.ThepassageofSB5278 is only thebeginning.Rep.
Christopher Hurst, D-13, noted, “I realize this bill isaboutlocalelections.However,Iamcompelledtobelieveaswellthatthisisthebeginningofaprocessofpubliclyfinancingallcampaigns.”TherecouldbenogreatercontrastbetweenCopeland’s
masterpieceandthemesstheDemocraticmajorityhascreated.TheFanfare for the Common ManhasbecomealandmarkamongAmericanclassicalmusictraditions.Mandatory taxpayer-financed campaigns, however, donotbenefitthe“commonman.”Theyareincumbentpro-tectionschemes—oftencalledwelfareforpoliticians—todefeatthedemocraticprocessbyensuringthatchal-lengersneveroutspendandunseatincumbents.Govern-ment-fundedpoliticalcampaignsarenotthe“AmericanDream.”Theyareapolitician’sdream.
Pipe dream continued from page 3 . . .Wrap-up continued from page 1 . . .