Living Primates, Part 1

General Characteristics • Categories:

•A. Locomotion•B. Teeth and Diet•C. Brain and Behavior•D. Reproduction

General Characteristics: LocomotionA.Locomotion

• _________________________

General Characteristics: LocomotionA. Locomotion,

continued Hands and Feet:

• Retention of ______• _____________

• Opposable _______

• ___________• ________________

General Characteristics: Locomotion

Fingernails (picture of a Orangutan)

General Characteristics: Teeth and DietB. Teeth and Diet• Lack of ________=

__________________

General Characteristics: Teeth and Diet

• New World Monkeys• _____________

• Old World Monkeys/ Apes/Humans• ____________

General Characteristics: Brain and BehaviorC. Brain and Behavior• 1. More reliance on vision

• ____________________• ____________________• _______________– stereoscopic, binocular vision• Related to _________________

• 2. Reduction in snout

General Characteristics: Brain and BehaviorC. Brain and Behavior__________________complexity of brain especially the cerebral cortex

General Characteristics: Brain and BehaviorC. Brain and Behavior

General Characteristics: Brain and BehaviorSkull Characteristics

• post-orbital bar

• post-orbital closure

General Characteristics: Brain and BehaviorSkull Characteristics

• post-orbital bar• post-orbital closure

General Characteristics: Brain and Behavior

• In many species, complex ________________

• Flexibility of behavior

• Other points to note:• _____________________• _____________________

General Characteristics: ReproductionD. ReproductionLong gestation

periodReduced # of

offspring: ________________

Slow development: _________________

Extension of life span

Primate Taxonomy

Strepsirhini vs. Haplorhini

Strepsirhini (Prosimians)StrepsirhiniMost primitive of all primates

Note: Primitive = “least derived”, most similar to earlier mammalian ancestors

Ancestral Characteristics_______________________________________________________________________

Geographical Locations – Madagascar, Africa, Asia

Haplorhini (Anthropoids)• In comparison to stepsirhinis,

anthropoids share:-_________________________________

Haplorhini (Anthropoids)• In comparison to stepsirhinis,

anthropoids share:-____________________________________

Haplorhini (Anthropoids)• In comparison to stepsirhinis,

anthropoids share:-___________________________________

Haplorhini (Anthropoids)• In comparison to stepsirhinis,

anthropoids share:- reproductive/gestational/childrearing differences

-___________________of a grooming claw

Haplorhini (Anthropoids)• Who are the haplorhines?

•New World Monkeys•Old World Monkeys•Hominoids (apes and humans)

Differences exist between the haplorhines

New World Monkeys - Platyrrhines• Wide range in diet

• All are arboreal• ________________

• Some with prehensile tails, some without prehensile tails• What do you think a prehensile tail is?

Old World Monkeys – Catarrhines

• Tails (not prehensile)

• _________= Ischial Callosities• Rest in a ___________

• Some species have ______________• What do you these are?

Hominoids – Apes & Humans

• Differ from monkeys in:• ____________(except gibbons & siamangs)

• Absence of __________• __________________• Increased ____________• Increased period of infant ________________________