LIWC2001 Diane Fitzpatrick Jennelle Franz LIWC20012 LIWC2001 Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count Built-in dictionary (but can input own) Built-in dictionary (but can input own) 2,300 words and word stems (words in multiple categories) Psychometric measurements Psychometric measurements 74 default categories Analyzes written samples and verbal transcripts Analyzes written samples and verbal transcripts LIWC20013 Getting Started LIWC20014 Choose categories LIWC20015 Subcategories 6 Open text file(s) LIWC20017 Voila! 8 Importing data into Excel Delimited Delimited Tab delimiters Tab delimiters LIWC20019 Results in % Except LIWC % of Words in Dictionary LIWC Use of pronouns LIWC Use in main categories vs. LIWC means % LIWC Conclusions on Ebert Not much variation in writing styles between reviews and blog Not much variation in writing styles between reviews and blog Highest --- Social Processes Lowest --- Money & Financial Issues Blogs --- Higher in Blogs --- Higher in Cognitive Processes Metaphysical Issues Reviews --- Higher in Reviews --- Higher in Affective Processes Leisure Activity LIWC MCCALite LIWC General Overview Used mostly with transcripts and scripts (plays or screenplays) Used mostly with transcripts and scripts (plays or screenplays) Can also be used with any open-ended questionnaire items (i.e. focus groups or interviews) or Likert scale items Can also be used with any open-ended questionnaire items (i.e. focus groups or interviews) or Likert scale items Measures word frequencies Measures word frequencies LIWC General Overview/Output All words are divided into 116 idea categories All words are divided into 116 idea categories Words are grouped into categories thought to be meaningful Word accounting & KWIC Word accounting & KWIC 2 types of normed scores 2 types of normed scores E-Scores (Emphasis) C-Scores (Context) LIWC E-Scores Scores can be positive or negative showing an over-emphasis or under- emphasis of words in the category Scores can be positive or negative showing an over-emphasis or under- emphasis of words in the category LIWC C-Scores Analysis of words across four social contexts Analysis of words across four social contexts Practical Traditional Emotional Analytic LIWC Formatting Text files only Text files only Script format, includes Script format, includes Each character line must start with = before the character name, then a space, followed by another =, then another space, and finally the characters spoken line(s). Text must end with $ LIWC Example Hamlet Hamlet = Hamlet = Now, mother, what's the matter? = Hamlet = Now, mother, what's the matter? = Queen Gertrude = Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended. = Queen Gertrude = Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offended. = Hamlet = Mother, you have my father much offended. = Hamlet = Mother, you have my father much offended. = Queen Gertrude = Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue. = Queen Gertrude = Come, come, you answer with an idle tongue. = Hamlet = Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue. = Hamlet = Go, go, you question with a wicked tongue. = Queen Gertrude = Why, how now, Hamlet? = Queen Gertrude = Why, how now, Hamlet? = Hamlet = What's the matter now? = Hamlet = What's the matter now? = Queen Gertrude = Have you forgot me? = Queen Gertrude = Have you forgot me? = Hamlet = No, by the rood, not so! = Hamlet = No, by the rood, not so! You are the Queen, your husband's brother's wife, You are the Queen, your husband's brother's wife, And (would it were not so!) you are my mother. $ And (would it were not so!) you are my mother. $ LIWC Running MCCALite LIWC Word Accounting/Frequency Results LIWC KWIC Results Right click to view concordance. Right click again to go back to words. Here, the word King is used 4 times. LIWC E-Score Results The Gentleman is very humorous as compared to other characters LIWC C-Score Results The character Cornelius is a lot less emotional than the other characters