L'l'3: 11,3 EMERGENCY - FRASER | Discover Economic .... shipping and stevedoring companies----- 12 12. Atomic Energy Dispute, 1954—Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co., a Division of

L ' l ' 3 : 11,3 LABOR LAWS AND LEG ISLA TIO N - U .S * -

EMERGENCYDISPUTESLABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS (TAFT-HARTLEY) ACT 1947-68

D ayton & M o n tgo m e ry Co,

Pu b lic Library

NOVI 21969

D O CUM ENT c o l l e c t io n

Bulletin No. 1633

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

BU R E A U OF LABOR S T A T I S T I C S

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


NATIONALEMERGENCYDISPUTESLABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS (TAFT-HARTLEY) ACT 1947-68

B ulletin No. 1633September 1969

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR George P. Shultz, Secretary

BU REAU OF LABOR S T A T I S T I C S Geoffrey H. Moore, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U .S . Government Printing O ffice , Washington, D .C ., 20402. Price $1.



Preface

This bulletin provides a chronological account of the unresolved issues that resulted in work s t o p p a g e s of sufficient importance to warrant the use of the national emergency procedures in the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (Sections 206-210), of the efforts made by the parties and Federal officials to resolve these differences, and of the actions of the Emergency Boards appointed to investigate the disputes and prepare findings. The information included here updates Bulletin 1482, issued in early 1966, to include all national emergency disputes starting prior to January 1969.

Appendixes appearing in the earlier bulletin have been expanded, and a new appendix has been added. Appendix A reproduces the national emergency sections (Sections 206-210) of the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartely) Act. Appendix B presents the highlights of each of the 29 disputes, and Appendix C contains a selected bibliography on national emergency disputes.

This bulletin was prepared in the Bureau’s Division of Industrial Relations, Office of Wages and Industrial Relations. The cooperation of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service in reviewing the chronology of particular disputes is gratefully acknowledged.

iii



C ontents

PageIntroduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1Boards of Inquiry appointed 1947—68, under National Emergency Provisions

of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 41. Atomic Energy Dispute, 1948—Atomic Trades and Labor Council (AFL)

v. Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp__________________________________________________ 42. Meatpacking Dispute, 1948—United Packinghouse Workers (CIO)

v. five m ajor meatpacking f irm s------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 43. Bituminous Coal M iners’ Pension Dispute, 1948—United Mine W orkers of America (Ind.)

v. bituminous coal mine operators --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54. Telephone Dispute, 1948—American Union of Telephone Workers (CIO)

v. American Telephone and Telegraph C o .---------------------------------------------------------------------- 65. M aritime Industry Dispute, Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts., and Great Lakes,

1948—Maritime unions v. shipping com panies----------------------------------------------------------------- 66. Bituminous Coal M iners’ Contract Dispute, 1948—United Mine W orkers of America (Ind.)

v. bituminous coal mine op era to rs______________________________________________________ 77. Dockworkers Dispute on the Atlantic Coast, 1948—International Longshoremen’s

Association (AFL) v. shipping com panies------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88. Bituminous Coal M iners’ Contract Dispute, 1949-50—United Mine W orkers of America

(Ind.) v. bituminous coal mine operators ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 99. Nonferrous Metals Dispute, 1951—International Union of Mine, Mill and Smelter

Workers (Ind.) v. copper and other nonferrous m etals in du stry ------------------------------------------ 1010. American Locomotive Co. Dispute, 1952—Alco Products Division Plant, Dunkirk, N.Y.

v. United Steelworkers of America (CIO)------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1111. Longshoremen’s Dispute on the Atlantic Coast, 1953—International Longshoremen’s

Association (Ind.), International Longshoremen’s Association (AFL)v. shipping and stevedoring com panies---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12

12. Atomic Energy Dispute, 1954—Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co., a Division of UnionCarbide and Carbon Corp. v. United Gas, Coke and Chemical Workers (CIO)_______________ 15

13. Atomic Energy Dispute, 1954—Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co., a Division of UnionCarbide and Carbon Corp. v. Atomic Trades and Labor Council (A FL )------------------------------- 16

14. Longshoring Dispute on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 1956—57—InternationalLongshoremen’s Association (Ind.) v. shipping and stevedoring com panies_________________ 17

15. Atomic Energy Dispute, 1957—Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union(AFL-CIO) v. Goodyear Atomic Corp., a subsidiary of the Goodyear Tire andRubber Co. --------------------------------- 19

16. Longshoring Dispute on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 1959—International Longshoremen’sAssociation v. shipping and stevedoring companies ______________________________________ 19

17. Basic Steel Industry Dispute, 1959—United Steelworkers of America (AFL-CIO)v. basic steel in d u s try --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

18. M aritime Industry Disptue, Altantic, Pacific, and Gulf Coasts, 1961—M aritime unionsv. certain shipowners and operators in the United States foreign and domestic t r a d e ________ 39

19. M aritime Industry Dispute, West Coast and Hawaii, 1962—S eafarers’ International Unionof North Am erica (3 subdivisions) v. shipowners and operators represented by thePacific M aritime A ssociation----------------- 42

v


C onten ts— C ontinued

PageBoards of Inquiry appointed 1947—68, under National Emergency Provisions of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947— Continued

20. Republic Aviation Corp., Farmingdale, Long Island, N. Y., 1962— v. InternationalAssociation of Machinists (AFL-CIO)__________________________________________________ 45

21. Longshoring Dispute on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 1962-63— InternationalLongshoremen’s Association (AFL—CIO) v. shipping and stevedoring companies__________ 47

22. Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1962 — Lockheed Aircraft Corp. v. InternationalAssociation of Machinists (AFL—CIO)-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50

23. Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1962-63— Boeing Co. v. International Association ofMachinists (AFL—CIO)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52

24. Longshoring Dispute on the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 1964—65— InternationalLongshoremen’s Association (AFL—CIO) v. shipping and stevedoring companies--------------- 57

25. Aircraft— Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1966— General Electric Co., Evendale, Ohiov. United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers InternationalUnion, and the International Association of Machinists (AFL—CIO) ——— ----------------------- 65

26. Nonferrous Smelting Industry Dispute, 1966—Union Carbide Corp., Stellite Division,Kokomo, Indiana v. United Steelworkers of America (AFL—CIO) _______________________ 67

27. Shipbuilding Industry Dispute, 1966-67—Pacific Coast Shipbuilders’ Associationv. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, (AFL—CIO)________________________ 69

28. Aircraft-Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1967— The Avco Corp., Lycoming Division,Stratford, Conn.v. United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural ImplementWorkers of America (AFL— CIO)---------------------------------------- .-------------------------------------- 72

29. Stevedoring Industry Dispute, Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, 1968-69— InternationalLongshoremen’s Association (AFL— CIO) v. Shipping and Stevedoring Companies________ 74

Tables:1. Strikes and Settlements in National Emergency Disputes, 1947-68 -------------------------------------- 22. National Emergency Disputes by Industry, 1947—68 --------------------------------------------- ---------- 3

Appendixes:A. Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, as Amended by Public Law 86-257,

1959, National Em ergencies----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83B. Highlights of National Emergency Disputes, 1947—68--------------------------------------------------------- 85C. Selected Bibliography on National Emergency Disputes ----------------------------------------------------- 87


National Emergency Disputes Under the Labor Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act, 1947—68

IntroductionSince e n a c tm e n t of the Labor Management

Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act1 in 1947, the existence of serious labor disputes has required each President to invoke its national emergency provisions. Over a period of more than two decades since the act was passed, this machinery has been implemented in 29 cases and has involved directly approximately2 million workers. Reflecting the conditions that prompted passage of the act, the emergency provisions were used in seven disputes in the first year after its passage. Subsequently, disputes have occurred at least once every year, except in 1955, 1958, 1960, and 1965.2

The act requires the President to appoint a Board of Inquiry when, in his opinion, the impact of an actual or threatened strike is of sufficient severity to “imperil the national health or safety.” Upon appointment, the Board is required to investigate the issues in dispute, marshal relevant facts, and report to the President.3 An initial report has been prepared in every dispute, except one in the telephone industry in 1948 when a settlement was imminent. The time required by the Boards to complete their investigations and submit initial reports have ranged from less than 1 day in the 1968 longshoreman’s dispute to 24 days in the 1948 meatpacking dispute. In the five most recent disputes, these Boards have completed their investigation in less than a day in all but one affecting the Pacific shipbuilding industry.

Upon receipt of the report, the President may direct the Attorney General to seek an 80-day injunction from a Federal district court to prevent or end the strike. Petitions for an injunction were presented by the Attorney General and granted by the Court in 25 cases.4 These court orders were effective in halting or preventing strikes in all but the 1949-50 bituminous coal dispute. Included among the 25 cases are (1) a 1948 bituminous coal mining dispute where the workers returned to their jobs3 weeks after a temporary restraining order had been issued; (2) a 1954 atomic energy walkout that had been halted voluntarily before the injunction was issued; (3) a 1962-63 aircraft-aerospace strike that also was terminated prior to the issuance

of an injuction; and (4) strike threats in atomic energy in 1948 and in aircraft-aerospace in 1963. Injunctions were not sought in the 1948 meatpacking dispute, despite a lengthy stoppage, and in the following cases where workers did not leave their jobs: Bituminous coal (1948), telephone (1948), and atomic energy (1954).

Emergency procedures have been used in 21 cases, including two in which a voluntary return to work occurred prior to an injunction, which halted strikes already in progress (some as long as 4 months). The Government also chose this means to prevent four threatened strikes—in the maritime, longshore, atomic energy, and aerospace industries—but in two of them, stoppages occurred after the injunction had expired. Injunctions were not used in four cases—in three, no strike in effect or no stoppage was threatened. The fourth situation was classified as not falling within the criteria requiring an injunction.

Thus, strikes occurred at one stage or more in 24 of the 29 national emergency disputes. These 24 stoppages directly affected 1.7 million workers who were idle for a total of 85 million man-days. Almost one-half of man-days lost resulted from the 1959 steel strike. The strike in the meatpacking industry was not considered sufficiently serious to warrant an injunction, although a Board of Inquiry was appointed which released a report. Of the remaining 23 disputes, 16 were settled without resort to further stoppages—13 during the “cooling off” period and the remainder after it had expired. A relatively small number (seven) of the disputes were settled after the “cooling off” period had been terminated and after a strike. All but one of the disputes in this category involved the steverdoring industry in Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports. Five

1 See appendix A.2 Two national em ergency disputes occurred in the years

1954, 1959, 1966, and 1967; four occurred in 1962.3 These Boards have been composed of three members each

in all disputes, except the 1948 m aritim e industry dispute. In this dispute, five members were appointed to fac ilita te hearings held simultaneously on both coasts.

4 See appendix B.

1


2

T a b le 1. S t r ik e s a n d S e t t le m e n t s in N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y D is p u t e s , 1 9 4 7 -6 8

S t r ik e s an d s e t t l e m e n t sN u m b e r

o fd is p u t e s

N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s 1

T o t a l _____________________________________ 29 2 , 0 7 6 , 1 0 0S e t t le m e n t s w ith o u t s t r i k e __________________ 5 3 4 4 ,8 0 0S e t t le m e n t s a f t e r s t r i k e ____________________ 24 1 ,7 3 1 ,3 0 0

W ith in 8 0 - d a y in ju n c t io n p e r i o d _______ 13 1 , 3 1 6 , 6 0 0A f t e r 8 0 - d a y in ju n c t io n :

W ith ou t s t r ik e 3 1 5 ,7 0 0A f t e r s t r i k e ___________________________ 2 7 3 1 6 ,0 0 0

N o in ju n c t io n i s s u e d ____________________ 1 8 3 ,0 0 0S tr ik e o c c u r r e d ______________________________ 24 1 ,7 3 1 ,3 0 0

B e f o r e 8 0 -d a y in ju n c t io n ________________ 16 1 ,3 3 2 ,3 0 0A f t e r 8 0 -d a y in j u n c t i o n _________________ 2 2 7 3 ,0 0 0B e f o r e a n d a f t e r 8 0 -d a y in j u n c t i o n ___ 5 2 4 3 ,0 0 0N o in ju n c t io n i s s u e d ____________________ 1 8 3 ,0 0 0

1 T h e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e f e r s to t h o s e in th e b a r g a in in g u n it o r to t h o s e d i r e c t ly in v o lv e d in th e s t r ik e .

2 1 s to p p a g e in v o lv e d 6 m a r i t i m e u n i o n s a n d th e I n te r n a t io n a l L o n g s h o r e m e n 's a n d W a r e h o u s e m e n 's U n io n o n th e A t la n t ic , G u lf , a n d P a c i f i c C o a s t s , a n d th e G r e a t L a k e s . S e t t le m e n t s w e r e r e a c h e d fo r th e A t la n t ic a n d G u lf C o a s t s an d th e G r e a t L a k e s d u r in g o r im m e d ia t e ly a f t e r th e in j u n c t io n p e r io d . T h e IL W U a n d s e v e r a l m a r i t im e u n io n s s t r u c k o n th e P a c i f i c C o a s t a f t e r th e in ju n c t io n h a d e x p ir e d .

were a resumption of strikes that had been halted by injunctions. During the two decades the act has be*en in effect, nine agreements and two wage increases under reopenings were negotiated in this industry; failure to reach agreement has required the use of the Taft-Hartley emergency machinery seven times.

Although the national emergency provisions are limited to strikes that affect an entire or substantial proportion of an industry, 10 strikes in six industries involved less than 10,000 workers. The criteria for activating the national emergency provisions of the act were intended to limit their use, and has in fact done so. These standards eliminate from the provisions of the act the largest proportion of industries in the economy. The following table lists the industries in which disputes have been determined to imperil the national health or safety, as well as the number of disputes in which they have been involved. Over one-half of the emergency disputes since 1947 have o c c u r r e d in three i n d u s t r i e s —stevedoring, aircraft-aerospace, and atomic energy.

Section 209 (b) of the act requires the President, after an injunction has been issued, to reconvene the Board. If the parties, assisted by the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, have not reached a settlement in 60 days, the Board is to report, among other items, on the employer's final offer. Final reports were prepared by 19 Boards. Within 15 days, the National Labor Relations Board is required to conduct a secret ballot to determine whether the employees affected wish to accept or reject this offer. Last offer votes were conducted following issuance of 15 of the final reports.5 In 12 cases, the employer's proposal was rejected. In one other, the balloting was not completed before the end of the voting period; in the second election, the results were not certified because settlement was reached before the end of the voting period; and in the third, the results were not announced. An unusual situation existed in the 1966-67 Pacific Coast Shipbuilding Industry Dispute; an agreement had been concluded after the 80-day injunction period. By its

® Three of the final reports were issued after agreem ent was reached. In the fourth, the 1953-54 stevedoring dispute, the Board recom m ended that no "final offer" balloting be held.


3T a b le 2 . N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y D is p u te s b y I n d u s tr y , 1947—68

I n d u s tr yN u m b e r

o fd is p u t e s

N u m b e ro f

s t r ik e s 1V o te on e m p lo y e r * s f in a l o f f e r

N u m b e r A c c e p t e d R e je c t e d

T o ta l 29 24 15 0 12S t e v e d o r i n g _________ ______ ______ 7 7 5 0 5A ir c r a f t - a e r o s p a c e .... 5 4 2 2 0 1A to m ic e n e r g y 4 Z 3 0 3B itu m in o u s c o a l m in in g ._ 3 2 - - -M a r it im e 3 3 3 3 0 1N o n fe r r o u s s m e lt in g ... _ ___ Z 2 1 0 1M e a tp a c k in g 1 1 - - -F a b r ic a t e d m e t a ls 1 1 - - -B a s ic s t e e l _ _ .. , 1 1 1 0 1S h ip b u ild in g 1 1 - - -T e l e p h o n e s _______ ________________ 1 0 — - -

1 S to p p a g e s h a lt e d b y an in ju n c t io n a n d r e s u m e d a f t e r th e in ju n c t io n e x p ir e d a r e co u n te d a s 1 s t r ik e .

2 In 1 s i tu a t io n , v o te w a s h e ld , bu t r e s u l t s w e r e n o t o f f i c i a l l y a n n o u n c e d .3 In 1 e l e c t io n , th e b a l lo t w a s b o y c o t te d b y 1 u n io n a n d n o t c o m p le t e d by th e o th e r

u n io n s b e f o r e th e in ju n c t io n w a s d i s s o l v e d . In th e s e c o n d e l e c t io n , b a l lo t s w e r e m a i le d , but th e r e s u l t s w e r e n o t c e r t i f i e d b e c a u s e s e t t le m e n t w a s r e a c h e d b e f o r e th e en d o f th e v o t in g p e r io d .

terms, the parties also had agreed to a ballot on the final offer, and this was accepted by the workers.

Following the holding of an election, the Attorney General must ask the Federal Court to terminate the injunction.

Finally, the statute requires the President to provide a “full and comprehensive* report of the proceedings to the Congress, with recommendations

such as he may see fit to make. Presidential reports were submitted in four disputes: Atomic energy (1948), bituminous coal (1948),6 nonferrous metals (1951), and maritime (1961).

Major developments in n a t i o n a l emergency disputes from 1947 to the end of 1968 are described in sequence in the following pages.

Two disputes were covered in a single report.


Boards of Inquiry Appointed 1947—68, Under National Emergency Provisions of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947

1. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1948— A to m ic T ra d es and L abor C o u n cil (A F L ) v. C arb ide and Carbon C h em ica ls C orp.

M arch 5, 1 9 4 8_______ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te and rep o rt on the lab o r d isp u te at Oak R id ge N a tion al L ab ora to ry o v e r w a ge ad ju stm en ts and re ten tio n of s ick le a v e b e n e fits . M em b ers: John L ord O 'B rian , N ew York and W ashington a tto rn ey , ch a irm an ; C. Canby B a ld er sto n , W harton S ch ool of F in a n ce and C o m m erce , U n iv e r s ity of P en n sy lv a n ia ; and S tan ley F . T e e le , H arvard G raduate S ch o o l of B u s in e s s A d m in istra tio n .

M arch 15 F ir s t rep o rt of the B oard su b m itted to th e P r e s id e n t . The B oard found that the i s s u e s in d isp u te rem a in ed u n se ttled and th e th rea t of s tr ik e w a s u n a ltered .

M arch 1 9 _____________ D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e r e q u ested and obta in ed in ju n ction fr o m the U.S. D is tr ic t C ourt of E ast T e n n e ss e e .

M arch 24 B oard of Inquiry recon v en ed by the P r e s id e n t .M ay 1 8 _______________ Second rep ort of the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . It co n ta in ed

a s ta te m en t of the e m p lo y e r 's " la st offer" and sta te d that th e p o s it io n s of the p a r t ie s rem a in ed u n a ltered and the d isp u te u n se ttled .

June 1—2 The N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard cond u cted a s e c r e t b a llo t to a s c e r ta in w h eth er w o r k e r s w ish ed to a c cep t the f in a l o ffer o f the em p lo y er . B y a v o te of 771 to 26 the e m p lo y e r 's la s t o ffe r w a s re je c te d .

June 11________ _______ Injunction d is so lv e d by co u rt, upon m otion of the A tto rn ey G en era l.June 15________________ The p a r tie s rea ch ed a g r eem e n t on the te r m s of a new co n tr a c t w h ich

gran ted w o r k e r s w a ge in c r e a s e s ranging fro m 6V2 to 4 0 1/2 c e n ts an hour, r e tr o a c t iv e to D ecem b er 18, 1947, and s ic k le a v e b en e fits v a ry in g in am ount a cco rd in g to len g th of s e r v ic e .

J u n e 18 ___ The P r e s id e n t rep o rted to C o n g re ss on the d isp u te and reco m m en d ed that a s p e c ia l study be m ade of the p ro b lem of p e a c e fu l and o r d e r ly se tt le m e n t of lab o r d isp u te s in G o v ern m en t-o w n ed , p r iv a te ly o p era ted a to m ic en e rg y in s ta lla t io n s . He p ro p o sed e s ta b lish m e n t of a c o m m is s io n to stu dy p o s s ib le need of s p e c ia l le g is la t io n to a v e r t lab or shutdow ns in su ch p la n ts . The m e m b e r s of th e c o m m is s io n w e r e to be appointed w ith the a d v ice of the A tom ic E n erg y C o m m iss io n and the Join t C o m m ittee on A tom ic E n ergy .

2. M eatpack ing D isp u te , 1948— United P a ck in g h o u se W ork ers (CIO)v. f iv e m ajor m eatp ack in g f ir m s

M arch 15, 1948______ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te th e d isp u te in the m eatp a ck in g in d u stry o v er the u n ion 's dem and for in c r e a s e d w a g e s . M em b ers of the B oard : N athan P . F e in s in g e r , U n iv e r s ity of W isco n sin Law S ch oo l, ch a irm an ; P e a r c e D a v is , D ep a rtm en t of B u s in e s s and E c o n o m ic s , I llin o is In stitu te of T ech n ology; and W alter V. S ch a e fe r , N o rth w estern U n iv e r s ity Law S ch oo l.

4


5

2. M eatpack ing D isp u te , 1948— U nited P a ck in gh o u se W ork ers (CIO) v. f iv e m ajor m eatp a ck in g f ir m s —-Continued

M arch 16, 1948----------- S tr ik e began in p lan ts of the 5 co m p a n ies in 20 S ta te s . A p p ro x im a te ly 83, 000 w o rk er s w e re in vo lved .

A p ril 8 ------------------------ R eport of the B oard se ttin g forth and an a ly z in g the p o s it io n s of the p a r tie s , su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t.

May 2 1 ------------------------ S trik e w as term in a ted at Sw ift, A rm ou r, Cudahy, and M o rre ll p lan ts fo llo w in g the u n ion 's a ccep ta n ce of a 9 -c e n t hou rly w age in c r e a s e .

June 5 -------------------------- S tr ik e w as ended at W ilson and Co. under a p p rox im a te ly the sa m e t e r m s .

3. B itu m in ou s C oal M in ers' P en s io n D isp u te , 1948— U nited M ine W orkers of A m e r ic a (In d .)v . b itu m in ou s co a l m in e o p e ra to rs

M arch 15, 1948_______ Work stop p age began. W ithin a few d ay s a p p rox im a te ly 320, 000 w o rk er s w e re , in vo lved .

M arch 23 ----------------- B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers of the B oard: F e d e r a l Judge Sherm an M inton, ch a irm an ; G eorge W. T a y lor , W harton S ch ool of F in an ce and C o m m erce , U n iv ers ity of P en n sy lv a n ia ; M ark E th rid ge, L o u isv ille C o u rier Jou rn a l. P r in c ip a l is s u e w as the u n ion 's ch a rge that em p lo y ers had fa iled to "activate" a p en sio n p lan as p rovid ed for in the co n tra ct of July 1947.

M arch 3 1 ------------------ R eport of the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t. The B oard found that a c tion of the union p r e s id e n t in the form o f co m m u n ica tio n s to o f f ic e r s and m e m b e r s of the union induced the m in e r s to stop w ork in a co n cer te d fa sh io n and that the stop p age w as not independent ac tion by m in e r s ac tin g in d iv id u a lly and se p a r a te ly .

A p ril 3 ------------------------- T em p orary re str a in in g o rd er is su e d by the U .S. D is t r ic t C ourt fo r the D is tr ic t of C olum bia, e f fe c t iv e for 10 d a y s.

A p ril 10......... — ................. The S p eak er o f the H ou se o f R e p r e se n ta t iv e s su g g e sted S en ator S ty les B rid g e s of New H am p sh ire as the n eu tra l m em b er of the board of t r u s te e s . T his w as a c cep ta b le to the union and in d u stry r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f the board of tr u s te e s .

A p ril 12_______________ S en ator B r id g e s p ro p osed a plan w h ereb y p en sio n s of $ 1 0 0 a m onth would be paid to th o se m e m b e r s of the union who, on and a fter May 29, 1946, had co m p leted 20 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e in the m in es and had reach ed 62 y e a r s of ag e . T his p lan w as adopted, the o p e ra to rs ' tr u s te e d is se n tin g .

A p ril 19— -........— ........ - The co u rt found John L. L ew is and the UMWA gu ilty of both c r im in a l and c iv i l con tem p t of cou rt; f in e s of $20 ,00 0 a g a in st the union p re s id e n t and $ 1, 400, 000 a g a in st the union w ere le v ie d on the b a s is of the c r im in a l c h a r g e s .

A p ril 21------- ---------------- E igh ty -d ay in ju n ction is s u e d in W ashington, D .C ., by J u s t ic e ij, A lan G old sb orou gh forb id d ing co n tin u an ce or re su m p tio n o f a nationw ide co a l s tr ik e .

A p ril 2 4 - 2 6 ______ _____ M ost m in e r s retu rn ed to w ork.June 23 ...... ......................... . C ourt d is so lv e d the in ju n ction of A p ril 21.June 26 ------------------------- F in a l rep ort su b m itted by B oard .


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4. T elep h on e D isp u te , 1948— A m e r ica n Union of T elep h on e W ork ers (CIO)v. A m e r ica n T elep h on e and T elegrap h Co.

M a y 18. 1 9 4 8 _________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: Sum ner H. S lich te r of H arvard U n iversity , ch a irm an ; C h a r les A. H orsk y, a ttorn ey , W ashington , D .C .; and A aron H o rv itz , in d u str ia l r e la t io n s ex p ert, of N ew Y ork C ity . R eport to be m ade to the P r e s id e n t by June 8. The p r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e re d em ands fo r in c r e a s e d w a g e s and ch a n ges in w ork in g r u le s .

M a y 2 5 F o r m a l h ea r in g s w e re sch ed u led to b eg in but w e r e p ostp on ed u n til June 8.

June 4 The com p an y and union s ig n ed a 2 1 -m on th a g r eem e n t w h ich did not p ro v id e for a g e n e r a l w age in c r e a s e but p ro v id ed for im p ro v em en ts in w ork in g co n d itio n s and for the reop en in g of the w age q u estio n at any t im e .

5. M a r itim e In d u stry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , and G reat L ak es 1948— M a ritim e u n io n s 1 v. sh ipp ing co m p an ies

June 3 . 1948 B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers; H arry Shulm an of Y ale U n iv e r s ity Law S ch ool, ch a irm an ; A ndrew J a c k so n , a tto rn ey , N ew York City; A rthur P . A llen , U n iv e r s ity of C a lifo rn ia In stitu te of In d u str ia l R e la tio n s; J e s s e F r e id in , a tto rn ey , N ew York City; G eorge C h en ey , San D iego lab o r r e la t io n s co n su ltan t. P r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e r e h ig h er w a g es and re ten tio n of union h ir in g h a lls . B oard h ea r in g s h eld co n cu rr en tly in N ew York and San F r a n c is c o .

June 11 R ep ort of the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . It p o in ted out that the b a s ic d isp u te (the q u estio n of re ta in in g h ir in g h a lls ) " a r is e s fro m the am en d m en t of the N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n s A ct by the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct."

June 14 T em p o ra ry r e s tr a in in g o r d e r s is su e d by F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u r ts in N ew Y ork, San F r a n c is c o , and C levelan d .

June 22 F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rts in San F r a n c is c o and C leve lan d is su e d secon d 10-d a y r e s tr a in in g o r d e r s .

June 2 3 ________________ The co u rt in N ew Y ork is s u e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction b a r r in g s tr ik e s of m a r it im e w o r k e r s on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts .

June 30 The co u rt in C lev e la n d is su e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction co v er in g th e G reat L ak es area .

Ju ly 2 _ _ The co u rt in San F r a n c is c o is su e d an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction c o v e r in g the P a c if ic C o a st a rea .

A u gust 10 Som e m e m b e r s of the B oard reco n v en ed in San F r a n c is c o .A u gust 1 1 _____________ O ther m e m b e r s of the B oard reco n v en ed in N ew York.A u gust 1 4 _____________ F in a l rep o rt of the B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t , in clu d in g a

s ta tem en t of the em p loyers* " la st o ffer" of se t t le m e n t .

S ee footn ote at end of ta b le .


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5. M a ritim e Industry D isp u te , A tlan tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , and G reat L ak es, 1948— M aritim e unions 1 v . sh ipping co m p a n ies— C ontinued

A u gust 18, 1 9 4 8 --------- N ation al M a ritim e Union and sh ipping o p e ra to rs of A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts rea ch ed an a g r eem e n t p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e s and r e ten tion of union h ir in g h a lls pending co u rt ru lin g s on th e ir le g a lity .

A u gust 25--------------------- N ation al M arine E n g in e e r s ' B e n e fic ia l A s s o c ia t io n and A tlan tic and Gulf C oast o p e ra to rs rea ch ed an a g r eem e n t p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e s , union h ir in g h a lls to be contin ued u n til th e ir le g a l s ta tu s d eterm in ed by co u rt action .

A u gu st 27--------------------- A m e r ica n Radio A s s o c ia t io n s ig n ed a new co n tra ct p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e s and ren ew a l of h ir in g h a ll p r o v is io n s of old co n tra ct pending cou rt ru lin g on th e ir le g a lity .

A u gust 30—3 1 _________ N atio n a l L abor R e la tion s B oard conducted a s e c r e t b a llo t of W est C oast e m p lo y ees on the q u estio n of a ccep tin g the em p lo y ers ' " last o f fe r ." The In tern ation al L o n g sh o r em en 's and W a reh o u sem en 's Union b oy cotted the b a llo tin g and did not v o te; m e m b e r s of the o th er W est C oast unions r e c e iv e d b a llo ts by m a il.

S ep tem b er 1 ---------------- The 8 0 -day in ju n ction co v er in g the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts d is so lv e d by co u rt action .

S ep tem b er 2 ____ ____ The 8 0 -day in ju n ction co v er in g the W est C o ast d is so lv e d .

S ep tem b er 2 ---------------- N atio n al M a ritim e Union and G reat L ak es o p e ra to rs reach ed an a g r e e m en t re ta in in g the h ir in g -h a ll c la u s e s , pending a fin a l cou rt d e c is io n on the i s s u e .

S ep tem b er 2 __________ Stoppage began at P a c if ic C o ast p o r ts o v er w age and h ir in g -h a ll i s s u e s . A p p rox im a te ly 28, 000 lo n g sh o rem en and sh ip cr ew m em b e rs w ere d ir e c t ly in vo lved .

N o vem b er 2 5 --------------- S e ttlem en t rea ch ed b etw een e m p lo y ers and ILWU (CIO), p ro v id in g for w age in c r e a s e of 15 cen ts an hour and re ten tio n of union h ir in g h a lls pending co u rt ru lin g s on th e ir le g a lity . W ithin the next few d ays, the o th er str ik in g unions se c u r e d se t t le m e n ts v ary in g am ong u n ion s.

1 International L ongshorem en's and W arehousem en's U nion (CIO); N ation a l M aritim e U nion (CIO); N ation a l U nion o f M arine Cooks and Stewards (CIO); N ation a l M arine E n g ineers'B eneficia l A ssocia tion (CIO); P a c ific C oast M arine F irem en , O ilers, W atertenders and W ipers' A sso c ia tio n (I n d .); and A m er ican R adio A ssocia tion (CIO). The International Brotherhood o f E lec tr ica l Workers (AFL) through one o f its lo c a ls , representing m arine radio operators, was in vo lved a lso .

6. B itu m in ou s C oal M in ers' C o n tract D isp u te , 1948— U nited M ine W orkers of A m e r ic a (ind. ) v . b itu m in ou s co a l m in e o p e ra to rs

June 19, 1948_________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to rep o rt on the co a l co n tr a ct d isp u te o v er w a ges and oth er co n d ition s of em p lo ym en t. M em b ers: D avid L. C ole, a ttorn ey , of P a ter so n , N. J . , ch a irm an ; E. Wight Bakke of Y a le U n iv ers ity ; Waldo E. F ish e r of the U n iv ers ity of P en n sy lv a n ia .


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6. B itu m in o u s C oal M in ers C on tract D isp u te , 1948— U n ited M ine W o rk ers of A m e r ic a (Ind.) v . b itu m in o u s c o a l m in e o p e r a to r s— C ontinued

June 24, 1948_________ A g ree m e n t c o v er in g c o m m e r c ia l m in e s r e a ch e d on a 1 -y e a r co n tr a c t p ro v id in g fo r a w a ge in c r e a s e of $1 a day and fo r doub ling th e o p e ra to rs ' p a y m en ts in to the w e lfa r e and r e t ir e m e n t funct—fr o m 10 to 20 c e n ts a ton of co a l m in ed .

June 26 _ B oard rep o r ted to the P r e s id e n t that the th r e a t of a c o a l s tr ik e a ffec tin g the p u b lic in te r e s t had b een a v e r ted . 1

1 The agreem ent n egotiated w ith the com m ercia l bitum inous m ine operations was not accep ted by operators o f " cap tive” m ines. The union-shop clause was the issue in dispute. A pproxim ately 4 2 ,0 0 0 em p loyees o f "captive" m ines w ere on strike for about 9 days in July. Operators then accep ted the union-shop clause w ith the proviso that it w ould be m od ified if court rulings required.

7. D o ck w o rk ers D isp u te on the A tla n tic C o a st, 1948— In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A F L ) v. sh ipping co m p a n ie s

A u gu st 17, 1948______ B oard of Inquiry appointed by th e P r e s id e n t . M em b er s: S au l W a llen , la b o r a tto rn ey , B o sto n , M a s s . , ch a irm a n ; J o sep h L. M ille r , la b o r co n su lta n t, W ash ington , D .C .; J u liu s K a ss , a tto rn e y , N ew York C ity. P r in c ip a l i s s u e s w e r e w a ge in c r e a s e s and application of o v e r t im e ra tes.

A u g u s t 20 R ep ort o f th e B oard su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . It s ta ted that the d isp u te o v e r o v e r t im e p a y m en ts had b lo ck ed n e g o tia t io n s and that a g r e e m e n t on o th er te r m s m igh t b e r e a ch e d q u ick ly if th e o v e r t im e q u estio n cou ld be r e so lv e d .

A u gu st 2 1 ----------------- . The F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in N ew York is s u e d a 1 0 -d a y r e s tr a in in g o r d er p ro h ib itin g s tr ik e s and lo c k o u ts b y lo n g sh o r e m e n and e m p lo y e r s at A tla n tic C o ast p o r ts .

A u gu st 2 4 _____________ E ig h ty -d a y in ju n ction i s s u e d by the co u rt. The e f fe c t of th is w a s to p ro h ib it s tr ik e s or lo ck o u ts u n til N o v em b er 9 .

A u gu st 2 6 _____________O ctob er 21____________

The B oard reco n v en ed by the P r e s id e n t .S u b m iss io n to the P r e s id e n t of the B o a r d 's f in a l r e p o r t in clu d in g a sta te m en t of th e e m p lo y e r s ' " la st o ffer" of s e t t le m e n t .

N ovem ber. 4—5 ________ N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard con d u cted a p o ll of un ion m e m b e r s on the q u e stio n o f a c cep tin g e m p lo y e r s ' " la st o ffer ." The e m p lo y e e s r e je c te d th e o ffe r b y a la r g e m a jo r ity .

N o v em b er 9 __________ Union o f f ic e r s and sh ip p in g r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s co n clu d ed an a g r e e m e n t p ro v id in g fo r w a g e in c r e a s e s of 10 c e n ts an hour in s tr a ig h t - t im e r a te s and 15 c e n ts in o v e r t im e r a te s . A n tis tr ik e in ju n ctio n d is s o lv e d b y cou rt ac tio n .

N o v em b er 10 _ _ S p orad ic s to p p a g es d ev e lo p ed a lon g th e c o a s t a s lo n g sh o r e m e n v o ted to r e je c t th e a g r e e m e n t.

N o v em b er 12 M ajo r ity of union lo c a ls r e je c te d te n ta t iv e a g r e e m e n t and an o f f ic ia l s tr ik e w a s sa n ctio n ed by th e union . A p p ro x im a te ly 4 5 , 000 d ock w ork ers fr o m M aine to V irg in ia w e r e in v o lv ed .

N o v em b er 25_ _ A g ree m e n t r e a ch e d , p ro v id in g fo r a 13-c e n t h o u r ly in c r e a s e in s tr a ig h t - t im e r a te s , 19 1/2 c e n ts in o v e r t im e r a te s , a w e lfa r e p lan , and im p ro v ed v a c a tio n b e n e f its .

N o v em b e r 28 A fter a g r e e m e n t w a s r a tif ie d by th e m em bership , d o c k w o r k ers re tu rn ed to w ork .


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8. B itu m in ou s C oal M in ers ' C o n tract D isp u te , 1949—50— U nited M ine W ork ers of A m e r ic a (In d .) v . b itu m in ou s co a l m in e o p e ra to rs

S ep tem b er 19, 1949__ N ation w id e w ork stop p age of b itu m in ou s co a l and a n th ra c ite m in e r s b egan o v e r te r m s o f a new co n tr a c t to r e p la c e the a g r eem e n t w h ich had ex p ired June 30, 1949.

O ctob er 3_____ ________ A n th ra cite and w e ste r n b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e r s re tu rn ed to w ork but the rem a in in g 320, 000 b itu m in ou s c o a l m in e r s sta y ed out u n til N o v em b er 9. Su b seq u en tly , sp o ra d ic s to p p a g es r e cu rr ed in v a r io u s b itu m in ou s c o a l f ie ld s .

F ir s t w eek of F eb ru a ry 1950______ S tr ik e s aga in b ec a m e g e n e r a l throu ghout the b itu m in ou s c o a l m in in g

in d u stry .F eb ru ary 6 ___________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: D avid L.

C ole, la w y er o f P a te r so n , N. J ., ch a irm an ; W. W illard W irtz, N o rth w e ste r n U n iv e r s ity Law Sch ool; and John T. D unlop, H arvard G raduate S ch oo l of B u s in e ss A d m in istra tio n . P r in c ip a l union d em an d s ce n te red on in c r e a s e d em p lo y er p ay m en ts to the union p en sio n and w e lfa r e fund, w age in c r e a s e s , and a red u ced w orkday. The m in e o p e r a to r s sought to e lim in a te from the co n tr a ct certa in p r o v is io n s , in clu d in g the un ion -shop re q u est , the "able and w illin g" to w ork c la u se , the c la u se p erm ittin g w ork s to p p a ges during " m em o r ia l p e r io d s ," and the p r o v is io n lim itin g p ay m en ts from p en sio n and w e lfa r e funds to union m e m b e r s .

F eb ru ary 11---------------- The B oard rep o rted that "this i s b a s ic a lly a d isp u te . . . o v e r the w age and w e lfa r e fund con tr ib u tion i s s u e s . B ehind the ta c t ic a l m a - n eu v er in g s of the n eg o tia to rs is fu n d am en ta lly an is s u e of d o lla r s and c e n ts . " A lthough nonw age m a tte r s w e re found to in v o lv e " is su e s of s ig n if ic a n t p r in c ip le ," the B oard sta ted that "m utually accep tab le te r m s co v er in g th e se nonw age i s s u e s can be n eg o tia ted on ce the m on ey i s s u e s a re r e so lv e d . "

F eb ru ary 20----------------

The B o a rd 's rep ort, w h ich noted that im m ed ia te s e t t le m e n t o f the d isp u te w as not l ik e ly , w as fo llow ed on the sa m e day by a F e d e r a l co u rt in ju n ction a g a in st the con tin u an ce o f the s tr ik e .C ontem pt p ro cee d in g s w e re in it ia ted a g a in st the union when the m in e r s re fu sed to re tu rn to w ork d e sp ite in s tr u c t io n s from th e ir p re s id en t, on F eb ru a ry 11 and aga in on F eb ru a ry 17, c a llin g for co m p lia n ce w ith the co u rt o r d er .

M arch 2 _______________ The F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in W ashington, D. C. , found the union not gu ilty on the ground that the G overn m en t had fa iled to p rod u ce s u f f i c ien t ev id en ce to support c h a rg e s of e ith e r c iv i l or c r im in a l co n tem p t.

M arch 3 ______________ P r e s id e n t T rum an ask ed C o n g re ss for s p e c ia l le g is la t io n to p e r m it the G overn m en t to s e iz e and o p era te the c o a l m in e s in v ie w o f the "dangerou s" cu r ta ilm en t o f co a l p ro d u ction .

M arch 5 ---------------------- C o n clu sio n of an a g r eem e n t b etw een the d isp u tan ts in b itu m in ou s co a l. 1 The se t t le m e n t p ro v id ed for in c r e a s e s o f 70 ce n ts in the b a s ic d a ily w age and of 10 ce n ts p er ton— fro m 20 to 30 c e n ts — in the em p lo y ers ' p ay m en ts into th e. w e lfa re and r e tir e m e n t fund; con tin u an ce o f theunion shop "to the e x t e n t ..........................p er m itted by law " ; lim ita t io nof " m em o r ia l p er iod " stop p age to 5 d a y s a y e a r ; and e lim in a tio n o f the "able and w illin g " c la u se . The new co n tra ct, e f fe c t iv e u n til Ju ly 1, 1952, p er m itted reop en in g on w age q u estio n s a fter A p ril 1, 1 9 5 1 .2

1 A n agreem ent covering the anthracite miners, patterned largely on the bitum inous coa l contract, was signed on March 9 .2 The miners' agreem ent, lik e many other long-term contracts, was reopened before its scheduled date. By agreem ent reached

in la te January 1951, bitum inous coa l miners were granted a wage increase o f 20 cents an hour and the term ination date o f the existing contract was changed to March 31, 1952. The contract was to continue after that date unless either the m ine operators or the union should give 60 days' notice of term ination.


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9 . N o n ferro u s M eta ls D isp u te , 1951— In tern ation a l Union of M in e, M ill and S m e lte r W o rk ers (Ind.) v . cop p er and o th er n o n fe rro u s m e ta ls in d u stry

A u g u s t 27. 1951 N ation w id e s tr ik e c a lle d by th e MMSW to e n fo r c e i t s w a g e and p en sio n p r o p o s a ls . The s tr ik e h a lted v ir tu a lly a l l co p p er p ro d u ction and c u r ta ile d su b sta n tia lly th e p ro d u ction of z in c , le a d , m a n g a n ese , m olyb d en u m , and tu n gsten . S e v e r a l A F L u n ion s and tw o r a ilro a d b ro th erh o o d s w h ich w e r e a ls o in vo lved in the d isp u te , d id not d ir e c t ly en gage in th e s tr ik e but r e sp e c te d MMSW p ick et l in e s , b r in g in g the to ta l nu m b er id led to a p p r o x im a te ly 4 0 ,0 0 0 . P r e s id e n t T ru m an im m e d ia te ly r e fe r r e d the d isp u te to th e W age S ta b iliz a tio n B oa rd for in v e s t ig a t io n and re co m m en d a tio n s a s to a s e tt le m e n t.

A u gust 29 - « — — T he MMSW r e je c te d a WSB r e q u e s t that the s tr ik e b e te r m in a te d a s a con d ition to B oard c o n s id e r a tio n of th e i s s u e s in th e d isp u te .

A u g u s t 30 B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: Ralph T. S ew ard , ch a irm a n , P ittsb u rg h , P a ., and G. A lle n D a sh , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a ., a r b itr a to r s ; J o sep h L . M ille r , in d u s tr ia l r e la t io n s co n su lta n t, W ashington , D .C .

A u g u s t 31 The MMSW and the K en n ecott C opper C o ., la r g e s t p ro d u cer in the in d u stry , r e a ch e d a se tt le m e n t, r e tr o a c t iv e to J u ly 1, 1951. T e r m s in c lu d ed a g e n e r a l w a g e in c r e a s e of 8 c e n ts an hou r, an a v e ra g e in c r e a s e of 7 cen ts an hour to co v e r job ra te r e v is io n s , ancl a co m p a n y -p a id p en s io n p lan e s t im a te d to c o s t 4 V 2 c e n ts an hour. W age s c a le s w e r e m ad e su b jec t to re n eg o tia tio n a fter Jan u ary 1, 1952. The o th er th r e e m a jo r p ro d u ce rs in the in d u stry — P h e lp s D odge C o rp ., A m e r ica n S m eltin g and R efin in g C o ., and A n acon d a C opper M ining C o.— r e je c te d the K en n eco tt s e t t le m e n t p a ttern .

S e p te m b e r 4 _ __ R ep ort of th e B oa rd of Inquiry su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . The B oard found that the s tr ik e w a s ca u sin g or a g g ra v a tin g c r i t ic a l sh o r ta g e s of v ita l m a te r ia ls and that i t s co n tin u ation p o sed a th rea t to the d o m e st ic e co n o m y and th e n a tion a l d e fe n se p ro g ra m . T h ereu p on , the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the A tto rn ey G en era l to s e e k a co u rt in ju n ction to h a lt th e s tr ik e .

S ep tem b er 5__________ A te m p o r a r y in ju n ction , o r d er in g the union to te r m in a te the w alk ou t, w a s i s s u e d b y the F e d e r a l c ircu it cou rt in D en v er , C olo .— h ea d q u arters of the union.

S ep tem b er 6__________ The union o r d ere d an im m ed ia te re tu rn to w ork ; b y S ep tem b er 10 the m a jo r ity of w o r k e r s had retu rn ed .

S ep tem b er 2 7 ________ S ettlem en t re a ch e d w ith the P h e lp s D odge C orp ., p ro v id in g fo r an 8 -c e n t g e n e r a l h o u r ly w a ge in c r e a s e , 7 3 /4 c e n ts an h ou r to c o v e r job ra te r e c la s s i f ic a t io n s p lu s 2 c e n ts an hour fo r com m on la b o r , and 4 V 2 c e n ts an hour fo r p e n s io n s .

O ctob er 9 _____________ C om panyw ide a g r eem e n t rea ch ed w ith the A m e r ic a n S m eltin g and R efin in g C o ., p ro v id in g fo r an 8 -c e n t g e n e r a l h o u r ly w a ge in c r e a s e , vary in g h o u r ly ad ju stm en ts to c o v er job ra te r e c la s s i f ic a t io n s , a th ird w e e k 's v a c a tio n a fter 15 y e a r s ' s e r v ic e , in c r e a s e d sh ift d if fe r e n t ia ls , and a co m p an y-p a id p en sio n plan.

N o v em b er 5 The B o ard of Inquiry re p o rted that a g r e e m e n ts had b een con clu d ed w ith A naconda C opper M ining C o ., an other m a jo r p ro d u ce r , and w ith v ir tu a lly a ll of the oth er f ir m s that had b een in v o lv ed in the d isp u te .

N o v em b er 20__________ " L ast o ffer" b a llo ts co n d u cted by NLRB in p lan ts of e ig h t co m p a n ie s . W ork ers r e je c te d the o ffer .


11

10. A m e r ica n L o co m o tiv e Co. D isp u te , 1952— A lco P ro d u cts D iv is io n P lan t, D unkirk, N. Y.v . U nited S te e lw o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a (CIO) 1

A u gu st 29, 1952 Work stop p age that id led so m e 1, 600 p ro d u ction , m a in ten a n ce , and c le r ic a l w o rk er s began fo llow in g the c o lla p s e of n eg o tia tio n s o v e r the u n ion ’s p r o p o sa ls for a union shop and a w age and fr in g e b en efit '’p a c k a g e” in c r e a s e e s t im a te d to am ount to about 2 1 V2 c e n ts an hour, r e tr o a c t iv e to F eb ru a ry 1, 1952, the day fo llow in g the ex p ira tio n date of the p re v io u s a g r eem e n t.

D e c e m b e r 3. B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. 6 M em b ers: A braham J.H a r r is , ch a irm a n , and P h ilip L evy , a tto rn e y s , W ashington, D .C .; and G eorge C h eney, la b o r r e la t io n s co n su lta n t, San D ieg o , C a lif.

D e c e m b e r 11 The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the w ork stop p age w as " im m e d ia te ly and s e r io u s ly d e la y in g the p ro d u ctio n of equ ipm ent and of f is s io n a b le m a te r ia ls e s s e n t ia l fo r a to m ic w eap on s n eed ed fo r the n atio n a l d e fe n se , ” and that re su m p tio n o f p ro d u ction w as im p e r a tiv e if the a to m ic en erg y p ro gra m w as to m e e t i t s sch ed u le .

D e c e m b e r 12 —

D e c e m b e r 29

Jan u ary 5, 1953

F o llo w in g the B o a rd 's rep o rt, the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the D ep a rtm en t of J u s t ic e to p e tit io n for an in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e .A tem p o r a ry r e str a in in g o rd er , p ro h ib itin g co n tin u ation of the s tr ik e and d ir e c t in g a re su m p tio n of b arg a in in g , w as is su e d by the F e d e r a l d is t r ic t co u rt in B u ffa lo , N. Y.The union im m e d ia te ly o r d ere d a re tu rn to w ork; by D e cem b e r 15 m o s t of the w o rk er s had retu rn ed .An 80-day in ju n ction , ex p ir in g M arch 2, 1953, w as is su e d by the d is t r ic t co u rt. The co u rt r e je c te d the S te e lw o r k e r s ' a rg u m en ts ch a llen g in g the co n stitu tio n a lity of the T a ft-H a r tley A c t's "national em erg en cy " p r o v is io n s .The S u p rem e C ourt d en ied the u n ion 's r e q u est fo r im m ed ia te r e v ie w of the d is t r ic t co u rt ru lin g .

F eb ru a ry 20 A " m em orandum of u n d erstan d in g" on b a s ic s e tt le m e n t te r m s w as announced by the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e . It p r o v id ed for a "package" in c r e a s e in w age and o th er b en e fits e s t im a te d to am ount to 16 ce n ts an hour; a $ 150 lu m p -su m p aym en t in l ie u of r e tr o a c t iv e pay fo r each em p lo y ee who had w orked 7 5 p er cen t of the r e g u la r ly sch ed u led w ork ing t im e s in c e the p re v io u s co n tra ct ex p ired , w ith p ro p ortion a te p aym en ts to e m p lo y e e s who had w orked l e s s than the req u ired t im e; and a union shop w ith an " escap e" p r o v is io n .3

M arch 2. The u n ion 's ap p eal from the d is t r ic t co u rt in ju n ction w as d en ied by the U. S. C ir cu it C ourt of A p p ea ls in N ew Y ork.

1 The dispute at the Dunkirk plant was included in the President's certification to the Wage Stabilization Board, on D ecem ber 22, 1951, o f disputes involving basic stee l com panies and the Steelworkers. This dispute, how ever, was treated separately from the basic stee l dispute. Subsequently, a separate WSB panel h eld extensive hearings in the Dunkirk dispute, but before it could form ulate its recom m endations, the D efense Production A ct was am ended, e ffectiv e July 1, 1952, to abolish the Board's disputes authority.

2 The Executive order establishing the Board did not apply to disputes involving the Steelworkers at the com pany's plants in Auburn and Schenectady, N .Y . (producers o f d iesel engines, Army tanks, and d iesel locom otives). A pproxim ately 1 ,0 0 0 production and c ler ica l workers a t the Auburn plant w ent on strike October 20, 1952. Two days la ter , about 6 ,8 0 0 production workers w alked out at the Schenectady plant; som e 500 o ffice workers at the plant joined the strike on D ecem ber 8. The walkouts were ca lled to enforce demands sim ilar to those in volved in the dispute at the Dunkirk plant.

3 The settlem en t covered the com pany's Auburn and Schenectady, N .Y . , plants, as w ell as the Dunkirk, N .Y . , plant. Follow ing ratification o f the settlem en t by union mem bers at each of the three plants in la te February and early March, separate agreem ents were reached on certain lo ca l issues and on distribution o f the "package" adjustment among wage increases and fringe b enefits. Em ployees on strike at the Auburn and Schenectady plants were back at work by March 2 and March 9 , respectively .


12

11. L o n g sh o r em en 's D isp u te on the A tla n tic C o a st, 1953— In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n 's A s s o c ia t io n (In d .), In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A FL )

v. sh ip p in g and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s

O ctob er 1, 1 9 5 3 ______ W ork stop p age of 3 0 ,0 0 0 d o ck w o rk ers b eg an in A tla n tic C o ast p o r ts a fter the N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n and the ILA (Ind.) fa ile d to a g r e e on a new co n tra ct. A union r iv a lr y d isp u te a ls o e x is te d , in vo lv in g the ILA (Ind.) and th e n ew ly c r e a te d ILA (A F L ). B oard of Inquiry ap pointed by the P r e s id e n t . M em b ers: D avid L . C o le , fo r m e r d ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , ch a irm an ; D r. H a rry J. C a rm an , dean e m e r itu s of C o lu m b ia C o lleg e at C o lu m b ia U n iv e r s ity , N ew Y ork C ity , and a m em b e r of the N ew York State M ed iation S e r v ic e ; R ev. D en n is J. C o m ey , S .J ., d ir e c to r of the In stitu te of In d u str ia l R e la t io n s , St. J o se p h 's C o lle g e , P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .

O ctob er 5______________ R ep ort of the B oard su b m itted to th e P r e s id e n t sta ted that the im p a c t of the stop p age w a s " e x tr e m e ly se r io u s" and that the p o s s ib i l i t y of gettin g th e m en back to w o rk throu gh c o l le c t iv e b a rg a in in g w a s r e m o te . F o llo w in g th e B o a rd 's r e p o r t, the P r e s id e n t in s tr u c te d th e A tto rn ey G en era l to apply fo r a co u rt in ju n ction . A te m p o r a r y 10-d a y r e s tra in in g o r d er w a s is s u e d by Judge E dw ard W ein feld in the U.S. D is tr ic t C ourt in N ew Y ork C ity . The union im m e d ia te ly o r d e r e d a retu rn to w ork; m o st of the lo n g sh o rem en re p o r ted for w o rk O ctob er 6.

O ctob er 15 The te m p o r a r y in ju n ction a g a in st the In tern atio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) w a s ex ten d ed 10 d ays to O cto b er 25. At the r e q u e s t of the J u s t ic e D ep a rtm en t, it w a s b ro a d en ed to in c lu d e the r iv a l lo n g sh o r e m e n 's union r e c e n t ly c h a r tere d by th e A F L .

O ctob er 20 An 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction (ex p ir in g D e cem b e r 24) w a s i s s u e d in N ew York C ity by Judge W einfeld b a rr in g any s tr ik e a long th e E a s t C o ast by the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.).

O ctob er 22 The N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n p e tit io n e d the N a tio n a l L abor R ela tio n s B oard to conduct an im m ed ia te p o ll of the d o ck w o rk ers in the P o rt of New Y ork to d e ter m in e w h eth er th e y p r e fe r r e d r e p r e se n ta t io n by the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) o r the new A F L In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n .

O ctob er 23 Judge W einfeld s ig n ed an o r d er ex ten d in g th e 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction to the ILA (A F L ) sta tin g that the group w a s a p arty to the o r ig in a l d isp u te and that it w a s in v o lv ed in the g e n e r a l c o l le c t iv e b a rg a in in g s itu a tio n .

O ctob er 26 __ The N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n announced that it w a s re su m in g n eg o tia tio n s w ith the ILA (Ind.) at the re q u est of th e union , but that no a g r eem e n t cou ld be co n clu d ed u n til the N L R B d e ter m in ed w h ich union w a s to b e b a rga in in g agent.

N o v em b er 8_____ __ __ The C h airm an of the N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n u rg ed P r e s id e n t E isen h o w er to d ir e c t the NLRB to ex p ed ite an e le c t io n so that the e m p lo y e r s cou ld know , not la te r than D e cem b e r 1, w ith w h ich union th ey w e r e to d ea l.


1 3

11. L o n g sh o r em en 's D isp u te on the A tlan tic C oast, 1953— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (In d .), In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A ss o c ia t io n (A F L )

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

N o vem b er 16, 1953___ NLRB opened h ea r in g s on a r e p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n . The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n p ro p osed that the B oard c a ll fo r a v o te by a ll d o ck w o rk ers in the P o rt of N ew Y ork; the L o n g sh o r em en 's U nion (A FL) p ro p o sed that only lo n g sh o rem en in that p ort be in clu d ed ; and the ILA (Ind.) p ro p o sed that a ll d o ck w o rk ers from M aine to V irg in ia be d e c la r e d e lig ib le to v o te in the e le c t io n .

N o vem b er 20 A s the h ea r in g s contin ued , the ILA (A FL) filed w ith the NLRB u n fa ir lab o r p r a c t ic e c h a r g e s a g a in st both the N ew Y ork Shipping A ss o c ia t io n and the ILA (In d .) . (T h e A F L union h eld that the A s s o c ia t io n had d om in ated and g iv en fin a n c ia l a s s is ta n c e to the ILA (Ind.). It ch a rged that the independent union had ex a cted m on ey from the sh ipp ing group for s e r v ic e s not p e r fo r m e d .)

N o v em b er 24 The NLRB s e t D e cem b e r 16 and 17 as the d a tes fo r a co a stw id e b a llo t on the q u estio n of a ccep tin g the e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffe r . "

D e cem b e r 3. The B oard of Inquiry recon v en ed in N ew Y ork C ity . The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n r e ite r a te d i t s " la st o ffe r . "

D e c e m b e r 4. The B oard of Inquiry rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that a s tr ik e w a s l ik e ly to o c cu r D e cem b e r 24 at the ex p ira tio n of the in junction . The B oard sta ted that the i s s u e of union r e p r e se n ta t io n ov ersh ad o w ed a ll o th e r s . It a ls o sta ted that any " la st o ffer" o f the em p lo y e r s would prob ab ly be re je c te d .

D e cem b e r 11 The NLRB ca n ce le d the sch ed u led re feren d u m on the em p lo y ers ' " last o ffer . "

D e cem b e r 17 The NLRB sch ed u led a r e p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n fo r D e cem b e r 22 and 23, to in clu d e lo n g sh o rem en and oth er d o ck w o rk ers in the P o rt of N ew York; but exclu d ed th o se who had w orked few e r than 700 h ou rs in the y e a r ending S ep tem b er 30, 1953, a s w e ll a s th o se who had not r e g is te r e d for em p lo ym en t as req u ired in N ew Y ork and N ew J e r s e y . 1

D e cem b e r 24 O utcom e of e le c t io n held D e c e m b e r 22 and 23 w as announced a s 9, 060 v o te s for ILA (In d .) , 7, 568 fo r ILA (A F L ), 95 fo r no union, and 4, 405 ch a llen g ed .

D e cem b e r 31 A F L P r e s id e n t G eorge M eany p etitio n ed to NLRB to s e t a s id e the e le c t io n , ch arg in g v io le n c e and in tim id a tio n a g a in st A F L m em b e rs by the r iv a l u n io n .2

1 Under bi-State legislation enacted in June 1953, which was designed to deal with waterfront corruption, the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor took control of longshore hiring in the port on December 1, 1953.

2 On April 1, 1954, the NLRB invalidated the December representation election and ordered a new election.


14

S u m m ary of D ev e lo p m en ts in 1954A b r ie f su m m a ry of m ajor 1954 d ev e lo p m e n ts co m p letin g th e h is to r y of th is p ro lo n g ed

d isp u te fo llo w s . T h ese ev en ts in v o lv ed fu rth er ac tion by the N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard and the co u r ts , but did not r e su lt in a r e in v o c a tio n of the n a tion a l e m e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s of the L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s (T a ft-H a r tle y ) A ct.

The N ew York w a ter fro n t d ispute b etw een the old ILA and the new A F L union contin ued in e a r ly 1954. The A F L union p etitio n ed the NLRB to se t a s id e th e re p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n on the ground that c o e r c io n and in tim id a tio n had p rev en ted a fr e e e x p r e s s io n of the w o rk er s ' w ill .

U nfair lab or p r a c t ic e c h a r g e s w e r e f i le d by the ILA (Ind.) a g a in st G overn or D ew ey and A F L P r e s id e n t G eorge M eany, w ith the b a s ic co m p la in t that th ey had conspired to in te r fe r e w ith f r e e ch o ice in the r e p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n . The NLRB re g io n a l d ir e c to r in New Y ork C ity, on Jan u ary 11, reco m m en d ed that the B oa rd vo id the e le c t io n . On F eb ru a ry 17, th e NLRB o r d ere d a fu ll h ea r in g on c h a rg e s of in tim id a tio n in th e N ew Y ork w a ter fro n t e le c t io n .

In February, a ls o , m e m b e r s of the ILA (Ind.) r e fu se d to w o rk on the M oore M cC orm ack L in es p ier in N ew York b e c a u se an ILA (A F L ) shop stew a rd w a s em p lo yed . S u b seq u en tly , th is p ier w a s p ick eted by m e m b e r s of the ILA (A FL) a fter the stew ard w a s d is m is s e d . M em b ers of the T e a m s te r s Union (A FL ) r e fu sed to c r o s s the p ick et lin e . In r e ta lia t io n , the ILA (Ind.) d ec la re d a b oy co tt of a ll tru ck fre ig h t hand led by the T e a m s te r s union , w h ich , in tu rn , p ick eted the d ock s.

The N L R B on M arch 4 obtained a tem p o r a ry F e d e r a l cou rt r e s tr a in in g o r d e r , under the seco n d a ry b o y co tt p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct, d ir e c t in g the ILA (Ind.) and eight of i t s N ew Y ork and New J e r s e y lo c a ls to avoid s tr ik e s or o th er in te r fe r e n c e w ith the load in g or unload ing of tru ck s at the p ie r s . M em b ers of th is union stopped a ll w o rk in the N ew Y ork p ort on the fo llo w in g day in d efia n ce of the co u rt o r d er . T h is w o rk stop p age contin ued in to e a r ly A p ril.

The A rm y, on M arch 16, began h ir in g d o c k w o r k ers , under c iv i l s e r v ic e r u le s , to load tro op and ca rg o sh ip s . S e v e r a l thousand m e m b e r s of the ILA (A F L ) re p o rted fo r w ork at oth er p ie r s a s s u r e d of p o lic e p ro te c tio n . H ow ev er , the stop p age re m a in ed p ortw id e m o st of the m onth , w ith o c c a s io n a l v io le n t c la s h e s b etw een m e m b e r s of the tw o lo n g sh o re u n ion s.

The N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , on M arch 25, o ffere d a 1 0 -c e n t h o u r ly p ack age in c r e a s e , r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953, to a ll lo n g sh o rem en who re tu rn ed to th e ir job sby the end of the m onth. H ow ever , the o ffer fa iled to induce a g e n e r a l b ack -to -w ork m o v em en t.

On A p ril 1, th e NLRB s e t a s id e the D ecem b er 1953 r e p r e se n ta t io n e le c t io n and o r d ere d a n ew p o ll. The B oard in d ica ted that the ILA (Ind.) w ould be o m itted fro m the b a llo t if it did not c e a s e "conduct d es ig n e d to thw art or a b u se p r o c e s s e s of the B oard ." The N ew York State S uprem e C ourt, on A p ril 2, a ls o o rd ered the union to c a ll off the s tr ik e , and the u n ion 's p re s id en t in s tr u c te d h is m e m b e r s to retu rn to th e ir jo b s .

A F e d e r a l d is tr ic t cou rt judge in M ay le v ie d f in e s of $ 5 0 , 000 on the n ation a l ILA (Ind.) and s m a lle r am ou n ts on eight of it s lo c a ls , and sen ten ced th r e e lo c a l o f f ic e r s to p r iso n te r m s for con tem p t of cou rt. (The N L R B had p etition ed the cou rt for con tem p t a c tion a fter the M arch stop p age o c cu rr ed in d efia n ce of th e M arch 4 in ju n ction .) The cou rt g ran ted the p etitio n sought by the D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e to put the union into r e c e iv e r s h ip to im p ro v e the G ov ern m en t's ch a n ces of c o lle c t in g the f in e s .

The seco n d NLRB e le c t io n w a s h eld on M ay 26 w ith the fo llow in g resu ltb : ILA (Ind.)9 ,1 1 0 v o te s ; ILA (A FL) 8 ,7 9 1 ; n e ith er union 51; vo id ed 49; and ch a llen g ed 1 ,7 9 7 .

On A u gust 27, 1954, a fter n e a r ly a y ea r of b itte r s tr u g g le , the ILA (Ind.) w a sc e r t if ie d by the NLRB as c o lle c t iv e b arga in in g agent fo r lo n g sh o rem en in the P o r t of N ew Y ork. D uring th is in terv a l no fo rm a l co n tra ct e x is te d co v er in g lo n g sh o re o p e ra tio n s in the p ort.


1 5

S u m m ary o f D ev e lo p m en ts in 1954— ContinuedE a r ly in S ep tem b er, the ILA (ind. ) began n eg o tia tio n s w ith the N ew Y ork Shipping

A s so c ia t io n . In itia l dem ands inclu d ed a w age in c r e a s e of 10 ce n ts an hour and a 3 -c e n t in c r e a s e in h ea lth and w e lfa r e co n tr ib u tio n s, both r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953. L a ter in the m onth, the union lo w ered its dem an d s fo r r e tr o a c t iv e in c r e a s e s to 8 cen ts in d ir e c t w a ges and 2 ce n ts in w e lfa r e fund co n tr ib u tio n s. The union sought to l im it in it ia l n eg o tia tio n s to the s e tt le m e n t o f the r e tr o a c t iv ity but the a s s o c ia t io n contended that d em ands could not be sep a r a ted fro m n eg o tia tio n s for a new co n tract and the ap pointm ent of a w ork ing a r b itra to r to hand le "quickie" s tr ik e s in the p ort.

A 2 -d ay s tr ik e of 25, 000 N ew Y ork d o ck w ork ers ended O ctob er 6 a fter the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n a g reed to g iv e the lo n g sh o rem en an 8 -c e n t hou rly w age in c r e a s e r e t ro a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1953. In turn, the independent lo n g sh o r e m e n 's union p led ged not to s tr ik e aga in fo r 45 d ays, pending n eg o tia tio n s on a new co n tra ct.

On D e cem b e r 31, a g r eem e n t w as rea ch ed on a new 2 -y e a r co n tra ct, w hich w as r a tif ied by r a n k -a n d -file union m em b e rs on January 5, 1955. The new co n tr a ct in clu d edp r o v is io n s fo r a union shop; a 7 -c e n t h ourly w age in c r e a s e r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1954,w ith an ad d ition al 6 cen ts in O ctob er 1955; and a l ib e r a liz e d p en sio n and w e lfa re p lan .

12. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arbide and C arbon C h em ica ls Co. , a D iv is io n of Union C arb ide and C arbon C orp. v . U nited G as, Coke

and C h em ica l W orkers (CIO) 1

Ju ly 6, 1 9 5 4 _________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te and rep o rt on the lab o r d isp u te at Oak R idge, T enn., and Paducah, K y., f a c i l i t ie s of the A tom ic E n ergy C o m m iss io n . The i s s u e w as the am ount of a p ro p osed a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w age in c r e a s e . M em b ers: T. K eith G lennan, p r e s id e n t of the C a se In stitu te of T ech n ology , ch a irm an ; John F. F lo b erg , a ttorn ey , W ashington, D. C. ; P au l H. S a n d ers, p r o f e s s o r of la>v at V a n d erb ilt U n iv e r s ity .

July 7_________________ Work stop p age in vo lv in g 4, 500 p ro d u ction w o rk ers re p resen te d by the U nited G as, Coke and C h em ica l W ork ers (CIO), at Oak R idge, T enn., and P aducah, K y., b egan w ith the r e je c t io n of a 6 -c e n t hou rly a c ro ss-th e -b o a rd w age in c r e a s e p r e v io u s ly reco m m en d ed by the A tom ic E n ergy L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s P a n el. The em p lo y er had a greed to the w age in c r e a s e .

Ju ly 9- - - - ______ The S e c r e ta r y of L abor and union o f f ic ia ls p ro p osed a G overn m en t r e v ie w of h ou sin g , h ea lth , and com m u n ity fa c i l i t ie s and o th er p ro b lem s a ffec tin g the w e lfa re of the w o rk ers and th e ir fa m ilie s . The S ec r e ta r y of L abor a ls o announced that a study would be in itia ted to s e e k im p ro v em en t of lab o r m an a gem en t re la t io n s in the a to m ic en erg y f ie ld .

Ju ly 1 0 ----------------------- The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that a " sta te of c r is i s " had not b een reach ed but that it s e e m e d in ev ita b le if the s tr ik e contin ued . The w o rk ers retu rn ed to th e ir job s that day and the G overn m en t postp on ed obtain in g an 8 0 -day in junction .

A u gust 11-------------------- T em p orary r e str a in in g o rd er , e f fe c t iv e for 10 d a y s, is su e d by the F e d e r a l d is t r ic t cou rt in K n oxv ille , T enn., to a v e r t a th rea ten ed s tr ik e .



16

12. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arbide and C arbon C h em ica ls C o ., a D iv is io n of Union C arb ide and C arbon C orp. v. U nited G as, Coke

and C h em ica l W ork ers (CIO) 1 -r—C ontinued

O ctob er 11, 1954___ ... B oard of Inquiry rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the v ie w s of the em p lo y er and the union rem a in ed unchanged.

O ctob er 21—22_________ The N L R B con d u cted a s e c r e t b a llo t of e m p lo y e e s on th e a ccep ta n c e or r e je c t io n of the e m p lo y e r 's " last offer" of a 6 -c e n t h o u r ly w a ge in c r e a s e e ffe c t iv e A p r il 15, 1954. The w o rk er s v o ted to r e je c t the o ffer .

O ctob er 30 The 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction w a s d is so lv e d .

N o v e m b e r 7_ A g reem en t rea ch ed on a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w a ge in c r e a s e of 6 c e n ts an hour e f fe c t iv e A p r il 15, 1954, and an ad d ition a l 4 c e n ts , e f fe c t iv e Jan u ary 15, 1955. H olid ay pay p r a c t ic e w a s ad ju sted to p e r m it the o b ser v a n ce of c e r ta in re c o g n iz e d h o lid a y s on F r id a y w h en th e y fa l l on Saturday.

There were two separate disputes affecting employees of the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (See No. 13.) Although the members of the Board of Inquiry were identical in each case, the Boards were created by separate Executive orders and their hearings were also conducted separately.

13. A tom ic E n erg y D isp u te , 1954— C arb id e and C arbon C h em ica ls C o ., a D iv is io n of Union C arb id e and C arbon C orp. v . A tom ic T ra d es and L ab or C o u n cil (A F L ) 1

J u ly 6, 1 9 5 4__________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t to in v e s t ig a te and rep o rt on the lab o r d isp u te at Oak R idge N a tio n al L ab o ra to ry and o th er fa c i l i t ie s of th e A to m ic E n erg y C o m m iss io n at Oak R id ge, T enn. The p r in c ip a l is s u e in the d isp u te w a s the am ount of a p ro p o sed a c r o s s - th e -b o a r d w a ge in c r e a s e . M em b ers: T. K eith G lennan, p r e s iden t of the C a se In stitu te of T ech n o lo gy , ch a irm an ; John F . F lo b e r g , a tto rn ey , W ashington , D .C .; P au l H. S a n d ers , p r o fe s s o r of law at V an d erb ilt U n iv ers ity .

J u ly 1 9 .............................. B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that no im m ed ia te th rea t o f a w ork stop p age e x is te d .A u gust 18_____________ A g ree m e n t re a ch e d on a 6 -c e n t h ou r ly w a ge in c r e a s e , e f fe c t iv e

A p ril 15, 1954, w ith a w age reop en in g on Jan u ary 15, 1955.N o vem b er 8_______ ____ A g reem en t rea ch ed on a 4 - cen t h o u r ly w age in c r e a s e , e f fe c t iv e

Jan u ary 15, 1955, and an ad ju stm en t in h o lid a y p ay p r a c t ic e to p er m it the o b se r v a n c e of c e r ta in r e c o g n iz e d h o lid a y s on F r id a y w hen th ey fa l l on Saturday.

* There were two separate disputes affecting employees of the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Co. (See No. 1 2 .) Although the members of the Board of Inquiry were identical in each case, the Boards were created by separate Executive orders and their hearings were also conducted separately.


17

14.

N o v em b er

N o vem b er

N o vem b er

N o vem b er

N o v em b er

D e cem b e r

D e cem b e r

January 3,

January 15

January 16

D ongsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1956—57— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A sso c ia t io n ( in d .) v . sh ipp ing

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies

16, 1956— - Work stop p age o f a p p ro x im a te ly 60, 000 d o ck w o rk ers began a fter the N ew York Shipping A sso c ia t io n and the ILA (In d .) fa iled to rea ch a g r eem e n t on te r m s of a n ew co n tra ct. 1 D isa g r e e m e n t o v er the a p p ro p r ia te b arga in in g unit, w age in c r e a s e s tied to len g th of co n tra c t, s lin g lo a d lim ita t io n s , 8 -h ou r w ork g u a ra n tees , and gang s iz e led to fa ilu r e of p r e s tr ik e n eg o tia tio n s .

21

22

At re q u est of N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard , Judge F r e d r ic k Van P e lt B ryan , U. S. D is tr ic t C ourt for Southern N ew Y ork, is s u e d a tem p o ra ry ord er re str a in in g the ILA (In d .) from contin u ing dem and that the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n n eg o tia te a co a stw id e co n tr a ct.B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t and h ea r in g s b eg an in W ashington, D .C . M em b ers: T hom as W. H olland, P r o fe s s o r , of L aborE co n o m ic s and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , G eorge W ashington U n iv e r s ity , W ashington, D .C ., ch a irm an ; A rthur Stark , E x ecu tiv e S e c r e ta r y , New Y ork B oard of M ediation; Jacob J. B la ir , P r o fe s s o r of Industry, U n iv ers ity of P ittsb u rgh , P ittsb u rg h , P a.

24 The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the "con tinu ation of th is (in d u stryw id e bargain ing) i s s u e as an u n se ttled m a tter is p reven tin g the co m p le tio n of c o l le c t iv e b arga in in g c o n tr a c ts in a ll p o r ts . " Im m e d ia te ly fo llo w in g the B o a rd 's rep o rt, the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e to p e tit io n the a p p rop ria te d is t r ic t cou rt fo r an in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e . A 10-day r e s tr a in in g o r d er w as is su e d by Judge B ryan . The union o rd ered a re tu rn to w ork; m o s t of the lo n g sh o rem en rep o rted fo r w ork N o vem b er 26.

30 O rig in a l 10 -day re stra in in g o rd er ex tended to the fu ll 80 -d a y p er io d au th orized by the L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s ( T a ft-H a rtley ) A ct by Judge B ryan ; he acted o r a lly as the w ave of slow dow ns and r e fu s a ls of lo n g sh o rem en to work during the noon hour and at n ight rep o rted ly contin ued for the secon d day.

4 ----------------- Judge B ryan sign ed ex te n sio n order is su e d on N o vem b er 30, p ro h ib itin gthe union from "taking p art in any s tr ik e in the m a r it im e in d u stry in the United S ta tes" and d ir e c t in g the union to in s tr u c t its m e m b e r s to re tu rn to w ork. O rder p rov id ed that any in c r e a s e s in w a g es , p en sio n s, and w e lfa r e co n tr ib u tio n s would be r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctober 1.

1 2 -------------- Judge B ryan is su e d tem p o ra ry in ju n ction p ro h ib itin g the ILA (in d .)from in s is t in g upon in d u stryw id e b argain in g in it s n eg o tia tio n s w ith N ew Y ork e m p lo y e r s ; the in ju n ction to contin ue in fo r c e u n til NLRB ruled on N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n 's ch a rge of u nfair lab or p r a c t ic e s . B oard had tw ice d ec id ed that b arg a in in g fo r e m p lo y ees of N ew Y ork Shipping A sso c ia t io n should be lim ited to P o rt of N ew Y ork.

1957 --------- ILA (ind.) and New York w a terfro n t e m p lo y e r s conducted f ir s t seriou s*jo in t n eg o tia tin g s e s s io n s in c e N o vem b er 19.

------------------ The F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e su g g e sted a r b itra tio nto s e t t le d isp u te . C o u n se l for union req u ested P r e s id e n t to appoint a factfin d in g c o m m is s io n .N atio n al L abor R e la tion s B oard tr ia l ex a m in er recom m en d ed that fu ll B oard bar u n ion 's u se of eco n o m ic p r e s s u r e , in clu d in g a s tr ik e , to fo r c e sh ip p ers to a g r e e to co n tr a ct co v er in g m o re than P o rt o f N ew Y ork, on the ground that the u n ion 's dem and fo r co a stw id e co n tract, w h ile sh ip p er s in s is te d on co n fin in g n eg o tia tio n s to ce r t ify in g a b a r gain ing unit (N ew Y ork and v ic in ity ), am ounted to r e fu sa l to b argain , and w as th e r e fo r e an unfa ir lab o r p r a c t ic e .

See footn ote at end of ta b le .


18

14. L o n gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1956—57— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (Ind.) v . sh ip p in g

and s te v ed o r in g co m p an ies-—Continued

Jan u ary 18, 1957_____ S e c r e ta r y of L abor M itc h e ll, ac tin g fo r th e P r e s id e n t , r e je c te d the u n ion 's r e q u e st fo r e s ta b lish m e n t of fa ctfin d in g c o m m is s io n , c itin g p r o c e d u r e s p ro v id ed by T a ft-H a r tle y Law and u rg in g e m p lo y e r s and union to contin ue n eg o tia tio n s .

Jan u ary 2 2 _______ _____ N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n and o th er p ort em p lo y er grou p s p r e se n te d f in a l te r m s fo r se t t le m e n t to P r e s id e n t ia l B oard of Inquiry. N atio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard announced d o ck w o rk ers w ou ld v o te on e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer" at p o r ts from P o rtla n d , M ain e, to B r o w n sv ille , T e x ., F eb ru a ry 4 throu gh F eb ru a ry 7, 1957.

Jan u ary 23 ™ B oard re p o r ted to the P r e s id e n t on th e e m p lo y e r s ’ " la st o ffe r s ."Jan u ary 31 F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e p ro p o sed fo rm u la for

se tt le m e n t.F eb ru a ry 2 F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e fo rm u la w a s w ith d raw n

pending the ou tcom e of the w o rk er s' v o te on e m p lo y e r s ' " la st o ffe r s ."F eb ru ary 5 U .S. C ourt of A p p ea ls u n a n im o u sly upheld Judge B ry a n 's D e cem b e r

o rd er p ro h ib itin g the ILA (Ind.) fro m d em anding that e m p lo y e r s b a rg a in on a co a stw id e s c a le .

F e b r u a r y 7 _ D o ck w o rk ers r e je c te d e m p lo y e r s ' " la st o ffer s" by a v ote of 1 4 ,4 5 8 to 1 ,1 8 5 , w ith 416 b a llo ts vo id ed or ch a llen g ed . N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n o ffere d to su b m it the d isp u te to a rb itra tio n .

F eb ru ary 8___________ ILA (Ind.) r e je c te d the e m p lo y ers ' o ffer to a r b itr a te .F e b r u a r y 9 Union and e m p lo y e r s a g r eed to n eg o tia te on b a s is of F e d e r a l M ed iation

and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e p ro p o sa l of J an u ary 31, 1957.F eb ru ary 1 2 __________ About 35, 000 d o ck w o rk ers aga in stopped w ork at A tla n tic C o ast p o r ts

fro m P o rtla n d , M ain e, to H am pton R o ad s, V a ., a s 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction ex p ired . 2

F eb ru ary 1 3 __________ 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction w a s fo r m a lly d isc h a r g e d by co u rt action .F eb ru ary 1 7 __________ A g ree m e n t on te r m s of a 3 -y e a r " m a ster" co n tr a ct rea ch ed b etw een

the ILA (Ind.) and New Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , su b ject to ra tif ic a tio n by ILA m em b e rsh ip .

F eb ru a ry 19 D isa g r e e m e n t o v er co n tract te r m s at P h ila d e lp h ia , B a lt im o r e , and N o rfo lk contin ued to id le d o ck w o rk ers at A tla n tic C oast p o r ts fro m M aine to V irg in ia .

F eb ru a ry 2 2 __________ A g ree m e n t rea ch ed on te r m s of a new co n tr a c t in N o rfo lk , the la s t port to r e a ch a se tt le m e n t.

F eb ru a ry 2 3 ________ ___ D o ck w o rk ers re tu rn ed to w ork at a l l p o r ts . The " m aster" a g r eem e n t for a l l p o r ts fro m M aine to V irg in ia p ro v id ed h o u r ly w a g e -r a te in c r e a s e s of 18 c e n ts r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, 1956, and 7 cen ts m o r e in O ctob er 1957 and 1958; in c r e a s e d em p lo y er w e lfa r e c o n tr ib u tion s; and in clu d ed a c o s t - o f - l iv in g e s c a la to r c la u se . L o ca l a g r e e m en ts n eg o tia ted for ea ch p ort co v e r e d w o rk in g co n d itio n s , v a c a t io n s , h o lid a y s , and w e lfa r e and p en sion b e n e f its .

1 Two contract extensions following the September 30 expiration d a t e had kept dock employees working through November 1Z, Contracts were first extended after the National Labor Relations Board, on September 24, directed a representation election in the Port of Greater New York following filing of a petition >y International Brotherhood of Longshoremen (AFL—CIO). On October 18, the NLRB announced that the ILA (Ind.) had won the election and was duly certified as collective bargaining agent for longshoremen. After the NLRB election, the New York Shipping Association filed charges with NLRB, alleging that the union was refusing to bargain in good faith because of its insistence on industrywide bargaining. Before striking, the union was prepared to accept a form of industry bargaining based on the employers' acceptance of certain issues.

2 New Orleans dockworkers signed a 3-year contract January 30; other locals from North Carolina to Texas quickly indicated that they would accept employers' terms.


19

15. A to m ic E n ergy D isp u te , 1957— O il, C h em ica l and A tom ic W orkers In tern ation a l U nion (A F L —CIO) v . G oodyear A tom ic C orp. ,

a su b s id ia ry of the G oodyear T ire and R ubber Co.M ay 10, 1957_________ Work sto p p age id lin g a p p ro x im a te ly 1, 500 p ro d u ction and m a in ten a n ce

w o rk er s r e p r e se n te d by the O il, C h em ica l and A tom ic W orkers In te r n ation a l U nion (A F L —CIO) began at the P o rtsm o u th p lant of the A tom ic E n ergy C o m m iss io n , o p erated by the G oodyear A tom ic C orp. , n ear W averly , Ohio. On May 7, the union m em b e rsh ip v oted to r e je c t a new 3 -y e a r a g r eem e n t rea ch ed by the u n ion 's n eg o tia tin g co m m ittee and r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f the G oodyear A to m ic C orp. , b e c a u se o f d i s s a t is fa c t io n o v e r co n tract p r o v is io n s , in clu d in g w age in c r e a s e s , h ea lth and sa fe ty and se n io r ity p r o v is io n s , co n tra c t length , and la ck of job d e s c r ip t io n s .

M ay 1 4 ________________ B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: Guy F a r m e r , fo r m e r ch a irm an of the N ation al L abor R e la tio n s B oard , ch a irm an ; R. W. F lem in g , d ir e c to r , In stitu te of L abor and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , U n iv ers ity of I llin o is ; and G eorge S. B ra d ley , T oledo , Ohio, a tto rn ey .

M ay 1 5 ________________ B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that the i s s u e s in the lab o r d isp u te w e re u n r eso lv ed and that the s tr ik e s e r io u s ly a ffec ted a su b sta n tia l p art of the a to m ic en erg y in d u stry and im p e r ile d the nationa l sa fe ty . The P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the J u s t ic e D ep a rtm en t to s e e k an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction to halt the s tr ik e . F e d e r a l Judge John H. D ru ffe l, C in cinnati, O hio, is su e d a 10-d ay in ju n ction o r d er in g the union m em b e rs to retu rn to w ork w ith in 24 h o u rs.

M ay 1 6 ________________ Union o rd ered w o rk ers back to w ork; by May 17, w o rk ers had retu rn ed .M ay 2 3 ------------------------- D ir e c to r of F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e ask ed r e p r e

s e n ta t iv e s of the com pany and union to m e e t May 27, 1957, w ith a p an el of th ree m ed ia to rs to help r e s o lv e the i s s u e s in d isp u te . .With the c o n se n t of a ll p a r t ie s , an 8 0 -d ay in ju n ction (ex p ir in g A ugust 5, 1957), r e str a in in g em p lo y ees from str ik in g at the P ortsm o u th p lant w as is su e d by Judge D ru ffe l.

Ju ly 1 6 ________________ The B o a rd 's fin a l rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t sta ted that both p a r tie s to the d isp u te had m ad e con cession s; h o w ever , se ttle m e n t "over w a ges and tied in w ith the te r m s of a new lab o r a greem en t" had not b een rea ch ed .

Ju ly 23—24_____________ B a llo t conducted by NLRB on e m p lo y ers ' " la st o ffer" w as re je c ted by w o r k e r s .

A ugust 4 ---------------------- Injunction d is so lv e d .A u gust 5 _ _ _ __ A new 3 -y e a r co n tra ct w as s ign ed , p rovid in g hourly w age in c r e a s e s of 11 c e n ts , r e tr o a c t iv e to A p ril 30, 1957, an ad d ition al 2 cen ts on

A u gust 5, 1957, and 9 ce n ts on A p ril 30, 1958. It a ls o p ro v id ed for the reop en in g of w age n eg o tia tio n s on A p ril 30, 1959.

16. L on g sh or in g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1959----In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 'sA s s o c ia t io n 1 v . sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies

A u gust 10 , 1959 - — Join t b arga in in g s e s s io n s began betw een the N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia tio n 2 and the In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A sso c ia t io n . The union p r e se n te d its d em a n d s, w hich included: An ex te n sio n of the M a ster C ontract to co v er a ll p o r ts of the U nited S ta tes from S ea rsp ort, M ain e, to B r o w n sv ille , T ex. , in w hich ILA is the b argain in g r e p r e sen ta tiv e ; a 6 -h ou r day (at a rate of $ 2 2 .4 0 p er day); a gu aran tee of a d ay 's pay each t im e a m an is o r d ere d out; in c r e a se d p en sio n and w e lfa r e b en efits ; and a fr e e z e on the 20-m an w ork gang.

S ee fo o tn o tes at end of ta b le .


20

16. Long sh or in g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a s ts , 1959— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n 1 v. sh ipp ing

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— Continued

A u gust 17 , 1959 ------- The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , in a co u n te r p r o p o sa l, sou gh t toextend the p r e se n t a g r eem e n t for 3 y e a r s w ith ch a n ges a llo w in g e m p lo y e r s the r ig h t to im p ro v e the e f f ic ie n c y of th e ir o p e ra tio n s by g iv in g th em g r e a te r " f le x ib ility o f la b o r . " A m ong the o th er p r o v is io n s put forth w e re a f le x ib le lunch h o u r , ch a n ges in tr a v e l pay a r r a n g e m e n ts , and re co g n itio n by the NYSA of the p r in c ip le that p r o te c t io n be p ro v id ed a g a in st lo s s of job o p p o rtu n itie s w h ich m ay r e su lt fro m au tom ation .

S ep tem b er 1 7 ------------ The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n and the ILA announced th ey w e reca llin g on F e d e r a l and c ity lab o r m e d ia to r s in an a ttem p t to head off a s tr ik e at the ex p ira tio n of the 3 -y e a r a g r eem e n t on S ep tem b er 30.

S ep tem b er 18

S ep tem b er 19

S ep tem b er 23

S ep tem b er 24

S ep tem b er 28

S ep tem b er 29

S ep tem b er 30

----------- M an agem en t m ad e its f ir s t m o n e ta ry o f fe r , p ro p o s in g y e a r ly in c r e a s e sof 8 , 3, and 4 cen ts an hour in a 3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t , to be a llo c a ted am ong w a g e s , p e n s io n s , w e lfa r e , and paid h o lid a y s by the u n ion , on the con d ition that the union a g r ee that e m p lo y e r s be g iv en the righ t to im p ro v e the e f f ic ie n c y of th e ir o p era tio n s (by su ch m ea n s as m e ch a n ica l ca rg o handling g e a r , c o n ta in e r s , and co n ta in er sh ip s ) . A lso sought by m a n a g em en t w e re ch a n ges in tr a v e l p ay a r r a n g e m e n ts , a p r o v is io n for t ig h ter quitting tim e c la u s e s , and a m o r e f le x ib le lunch hou r. The p r o p o sa l co n ta in ed a s su r a n c e that adequate sa feg u a r d s a g a in st lo s s of job op p o rtu n ities w ould be p ro v id ed .

----------- A co u n terp r o p o sa l w as put forth by the ILA e lim in a tin g its o r ig in a ldem and for a 6 -h o u r day. In stea d , a s tr a ig h t 40 cen ts an hour w age in c r e a s e , p lu s a g u a ra n tee of 8 h o u rs' w ork p er day and in c r e a s e d fr in g e b e n e f its , w e re sought in a 2 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t.

----------- The ILA m o d ified it s d em ands " a ll along the line" w ith red u ctio n sin w age d em an d s and in the len gth of a gu a ra n teed w ork ing day.

----------- E m p lo y er s co u n tered w ith an o ffer of a 3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t c a llin g fora m on ey p ack ag e of 24 c e n ts— 12 ce n ts in the f i r s t y e a r , 6 in the se c o n d , and 6 in the th ird— that w ould be ap p lied to w a g e s , p e n s io n s , w e lfa r e , a n d /o r oth er ite m s ch o sen by the union . The o ffer w as con tin gen t upon union a c cep ta n c e o f m o d ifica tio n s in w ork r u le s . The o ffer w as term e d as not "a fa ir one" by the union .F e d e r a l , S ta te , and c ity m e d ia to r s w e re ask ed by both s id e s to take an a c tiv e p a rt in n e g o tia t io n s , as a s ta n d s t il l had ap p a ren tly b een rea ch ed . N eg o tia tio n s in so u th ern p o r ts a ls o w e re s ta le m a te d o v e r i s s u e s of s lin g lo a d l im it s and gang s iz e .

----------- The ILA aga in cut its dem ands to a p ack a g e w orth a p p r o x im a te ly50 cen ts an hour in a 3 -y e a r a g r eem e n t. L a ter in the d ay , the s h ip p e r s re je c te d the p ro p o sa l as " s t il l too h igh . "

----------- S h ip p ers in c r e a s e d th e ir o ffer to 30 cen ts an hour— 20 cen ts the f ir s ty e a r and 5 cen ts in each of two fo llo w in g y e a r s — in a 3 -y e a r c o n tra c t con d ition ed on new w ork ru le ch a n g es .

----------- A th rea ten ed s tr ik e w as a v er ted w hen the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia tio n and the ILA a g reed on a 1 5 -d a y co n tr a ct e x te n s io n , w ith any su b seq u en t in c r e a s e s r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1.T e le g r a m s from S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll , G ov ern o r N e lso n R o c k e fe lle r , and M ayor R o b ert F . W agner u rged the p a r tie s to n eg o tia te w ithout in terru p tin g w ork .



21

O ctob er 1

O ctob er 5

O ctob er 6

O ctob er 7

16. L o n gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1959— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en ’s A s s o c ia t io n 1 v. sh ipp ing

and s te v ed o r in g co m p an ies— Continued

, 1959 L o n g sh o rem en in N ew O rlea n s stru ck as co n tr a cts e x p ired , fo llow in g a r e fu sa l by so u th ern sh ip p ers to grant r e tr o a c t iv ity on in c r e a s e s in clu d ed in a p ro p osed new a g r eem e n t. The w alkout w as jo in ed by m e m b e r s in o th er sou th ern p o r ts on South A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts .

D e sp ite a co n tra ct ex ten sio n in the N o rth , Captain W illia m V. B ra d le y , p r e s id e n t of ILA , p led ged support of the s tr ik in g so u th ern d o ck w o rk ers and d e c la r e d that m e m b e r s would not w ork on sh ip s d iv e r ted from the South. The stop p age sp rea d to the en tire e a s t c o a s t , shutting down p o r ts from M aine to T e x a s , a ffectin g so m e 5 0 ,0 0 0 w o rk er s and 220 ca rg o sh ip s . The N ew York Shipping A ss o c ia t io n voted not to r e su m e b arga in in g until O ctob er 15 u n le ss w o rk er s retu rn ed im m e d ia te ly , c la im in g that the s tr ik e w as i l le g a l , and fu rth er in s is te d that the union m u st g iv e a s su r a n c e that it would ca r r y out any a g reem en t reach ed with n o rth ern sh ip p ers r e g a r d le s s of d ev e lo p m en ts in so u th ern p o r ts .By the fo llow in g day , union le a d e r s c la im e d the s tr ik e "100 p er cen t e f fe c t iv e from M aine to T e x a s ."M ed ia to rs w e re unable to a rra n g e a jo in t m ee tin g .A F e d e r a l D is t r ic t Judge in N ew O rlean s is su e d a tem p o ra ry r e s tr a in ing o rd er a g a in st two N ew O rlean s lo c a ls , N o s. 1418 and 1419, as req u ested by the N ation al L abor R e la tio n s B oard , actin g on a c o m p la in t by New O rlean s sh ip p ers ch a rgin g that the two lo c a ls fa iled to s e r v e a 30-d a y s tr ik e n o tic e , as req u ired by law , b e fo re the co n tra ct ex p ired . 3

P r e s id e n t E isen h o w er appointed a B oard of Inquiry to rep o rt to him by O ctob er 10. M em b ers of the B oard w e re Guy F a r m e r , fo rm e r c h a ir m an of the N a tio n a l L abor R e la tion s B oard; G eorg e F r a n k e n th a le r , fo r m e r S u rro g a te Judge and fo rm e r m em b er of the N ew York S tate S u p rem e Court; and John F . S em b o w er , a C hicago law yer a c tiv e in lab or a rb itra tio n w ork.

The B oard began its w ork la te in the aftern o on w ith the ex p ecta tio n , e x p r e s s e d by M r. F a r m e r , that the rep o rt would be read y b efo re the 10th.

C om p letin g its study o f the s tr ik e la te in the day , the B oard f o r w arded it to the P r e s id e n t. E a r lie r te s tim o n y in d ica ted an im p a sse o v e r ju r isd ic t io n and au tom ation . The B oard noted that the m a jor u n r eso lv ed is s u e s w e re w age r a te s , c e r ta in fr in g e b e n e f its , p r o c e d u res for in s ta llin g m ec h a n ica l d e v ic e s and effec tin g co n ta in er iz a tio n , and gang s iz e . Upon r e c e ip t , the P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the A ttorn ey G en era l to s e e k an in junction at o n ce .

A s a r e su lt of union co m p la in ts , the W aterfron t C o m m iss io n o f N ew Y ork H arb or obtained a co u rt o r d er c a llin g on th ree s te a m sh ip lin e s to show c a u se why they shou ld not be enjoin ed fro m u sin g " u n r e g is tere d lon g sh o rem en " to handle b ag gage .

S ee foo tn o tes at end of ta b le .


22

16. L on gsh o r in g D ispute on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1959— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n 1 v. sh ipp ing

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

O ctob er 8 , 1959 A tem p o r a ry 1 0 -d a y re str a in in g o r d er w as is s u e d by F e d e r a l D is tr ic t Judge Irv in g R. K aufm an in N ew Y ork , actin g upon a p p lic a tio n of the G ov ern m en t to s e e k in ju n ctive r e l ie f in the s tr ik e . The Judge found that the s tr ik e had a ffec ted a su b sta n tia l p art of the m a r it im e c o m m e r c e of the U nited S ta te s , that its con tin u an ce w ould im p e r il the n a tion a l h ea lth and s a fe ty , and that " im m ed ia te and ir r e p a r a b le d a m age w ould re su lt" if the r e str a in in g o r d e r w as not g ra n ted . H earin gs on the is s u a n c e of a tem p o r a ry in ju n ction fo r the rem a in in g 7 0-d a y p er io d w e re sch ed u led for the 15th.

O ctob er 9

O ctob er 1 5 ---------

O ctob er 17

W ork w as r e su m e d at a ll p o r ts w ith p r io r ity g iv en to about a d ozen v e s s e l s con ta in in g p e r is h a b le s . The A m e r ic a n A s s o c ia t io n of R a ilroad s lifte d it s fr e ig h t em b a rg o put into e f fe c t on the f ir s t day of the s tr ik e . B arga in in g w as ex p ected to r e su m e on O ctob er 19, a l low ing t im e fo r the p o r ts to retu rn to n o rm a l o p era tin g l e v e l s .F o llo w in g an attem p t by the G ov ern m en t to h ave the tem p o r a ry r e s tr a in in g o r d er re p la ce d by a p r e lim in a r y in ju n ction (on O ctob er 14), Judge K aufm an ex ten d ed h is o r ig in a l o r d er u n til he ru led on the m o tion for a fu rth er 7 0 -d a y in ju n ction . ILA o f f ic ia ls a sk ed the co u rt to h ave an in ju n ction g u a ran tee that an a n tic ip a ted pay in c r e a s e be m ad e r e tr o a c t iv e to the day m e m b e r s retu rn ed to w ork . Judge K aufm an r e s e r v e d d e c is io n on th is poin t.Judge K aufm an is s u e d a fu ll in ju n ction a s su r in g co n tin u ation of w ork for the s ta tu to ry p er iod as p ro v id ed fo r in the a c t. At the sa m e t im e , he d en ied the un ion 's re q u est for r e tr o a c t iv ity by .a s s e r t in g he w as n e ith e r em p o w ered nor in c lin ed to u se the in ju n ctiv e p r o c e s s for " m a tters o r d in a r ily le f t to n eg o tia tio n . "

O ctob er 20 ---------------- N e g o tia tio n s r e su m e d w ith no s ig n if ic a n t p r o g r e s s re p o rted . A s e tof "broad p r in c ip le s" and " s p e c if ic reco m m en d a tio n s" w e r e p ro p o sed by em p lo y e r s fo r d ea lin g w ith the p ro b lem s o f au tom ation . D e ta ils w e r e not m ad e p u b lic .

O ctob er 26 ----------------- The ILA r e je c te d the sh ipp ing a s s o c ia t io n 's p r o p o sa ls as "not a fa iro f fe r . "

N o vem b er 4 --------------- E m p lo y er s r e je c te d union p r o p o sa ls fo r ro y a lty p a y m en ts on each tonof ca rg o hand led in sh ipping c o n ta in ers u n le s s the union a g r eed to red u ctio n s in the w ork fo r c e . P r e v io u s ly , sh ip p e r s had o ffe r e d to pay into a fund 25 cen ts a ton on "unitized" or " co n ta in er ized " ca rg oload ed or u n loaded on the d ock s by w o rk er s o th er than lo n g sh o rem en .A lso sou gh t w as a g r eem e n t to a llo w in s ta lla t io n of a u to m a tic ca rgo hand ling equ ip m en t and the r ig h t to re g u la te the s iz e of w ork g a n g s.

N o v em b er 2 4 -------------- A s a " b asis" for s e t t le m e n t , the ILA a c cep ted p r o p o sa ls of F e d e r a lm e d ia to r s ca llin g for a 4 1 -c e n t-a n -h o u r p a c k a g e , w ith a 1 2 -c e n t -a n - hour r a is e r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctob er 1, and 5 -c e n t in c r e a s e s to fo llo w on O ctob er 1, I9 6 0 , and O ctob er 1, 1961. In ad d ition , the w e lfa r e co n tr ib u tion w ould be in c r e a s e d by 7 ce n ts an h o u r , o f w h ich 3 cen ts w ould be ea rm a rk ed for c l in ic s , and the p en s io n fund co n tr ib u tion w ould be in c r e a s e d by 7 c e n ts an h ou r. T h ree new paid h o lid a ysw ould be added to the p r e se n t 5 at the ra te o f 1 a y e a r , and v a ca tio n s w ould be l ib e r a liz e d . E m p lo y er s w e r e n o n co m m ita l on the p r o p o s a ls .

S ee footn ote at end o f ta b le .


23

N o vem b er

D e cem b e r

D ecem b er

D e cem b er

D e cem b e r

D e cem b e r

16. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1959— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n 1 v . sh ipping

and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

27, 1959 __ The union r e je c te d an em p lo y er so lu tio n to the p ro b lem of in tro d u ction of la b o rsa v in g equ ipm ent w h ich ca lled for a 6-m on th p er io d of d ir e c t n e g o t ia t io n s , a fter the co n tra ct w as s ig n e d , on u sin g and m a n ning m ec h a n ica l d e v ic e s . tIf an a g r e e m e n t cou ld not be rea ch ed in the 6 m on th s, the is s u e would go to a r b itr a tio n , a cco rd in g to the p ro p o sa l.

1 __________ N e g o tia to rs rea ch ed a b a s ic a g r e e m e n t inclu d ing a m a s te r co n tra ctsettin g te r m s for w a g es and b en efits for d o ck ers from M aine to V ir g in ia . M on etary te r m s w e re e s s e n t ia l ly the sa m e as p ro p osed e a r lie r in the 4 1-c e n t-a n -h o u r p a ck age , c o n s is t in g of 12 cen ts r e tr o a c t iv e to O ctober 1, 1959; an^additional 5 ce n ts e f fe c t iv e O ctob er 1, I960,and 5 ce n ts e f fe c t iv e O ctob er 1, 1961; s ix th , sev en th , and eighth paid h o lid a ys added in f ir s t , seco n d , and th ird co n tra ct y ear* r e sp e c t iv e ly ; q u alify in g tim e for 2 and 3 w e e k s 1' v acation pay red u ced to 1, 100 and 1 ,3 0 0 hour,s a y e a r , r e sp e c t iv e ly (w ere 1 ,2 0 0 and 1 ,500); 14 cen ts an hour com pany p aym ent to p en sion fund (w as 7 cen ts); 21 cen ts an hour co m p a re paym ent to w e lfa r e fund (was 14 c e n ts ) , inclu ding 3 cen ts for m e m c a l c l in ic s .M ech a n iza tion is s u e — em p lo y e r s a g r e e d not to red u ce the s iz e of the stan d ard 20 -m an w ork gang and to u se ILA m e m b e r s to load or re lo a d co n ta in ers when w ork is donef at the p ie r . The q u estio n of a p en alty p aym ent to the union for co n ta in ers load ed o ff the p ier w as le f t for fu rth er n eg o tia tio n . If no se tt le m e n t w as rea ch ed in 2 w e e k s , it w as a g r eed that th is is s u e would be a r b itr a ted , w ith a d e c is io n to be m ade w ithin 30 days of su b m iss io n .S e ttlem en ts su b seq u en tly rea ch ed at o th er A tlan tic and G ulf C oast p orts during D e cem b e r p ro v id ed b en e fits s im ila r to the a g r eem e n t w ith the N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , ex cep t for lo c a l w o rk r u le s .Union m em b e rs w ere to vote on the a g r e e m e n t on D e cem b er 10.

3 __________ A " m em orandum of se ttlem en t" w as s ig n ed inclu d in g a ll but one ofthe p r o v is io n s a g r eed upon e a r l ie r . C ontract ta lk s re su m e d in New O rlean s and G a lv esto n , as w e ll a s in oth er p orts in the South, w h ere a g r e e m e n ts a r e n eg o tia ted on a port b a s is g e n e r a lly p attern ed a fter the N ew Y ork a g r eem e n t.

6 ___ A g ree m e n ts w e re rea ch ed on lo c a l co n d ition s and the 4 1 -c e n t-a n -h o u rw age pack age in B o sto n , B a lt im o r e , and P h ila d e lp h ia .

7 ___ The P r e s id e n tia l B oard of Inquiry reco n v en ed in W ashington. T es ti-*m ony p r e se n te d by r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of the union and em p lo y ers in d ica ted su b sta n tia l p r o g r e s s tow ard a se t t le m e n t . The B o a rd 's seco n d rep ort w as tra n sm itte d to the P r e s id e n t .A g reem en t w as rea ch ed for N orfolk—H am pton R oads.

10 _________ ILA m em b e rs in p o r ts fro m M aine to V irg in ia o v erw h e lm in g ly ra tif iedthe new a g r e e m e n t. P o rt of P h ilad e lp h ia w o rk ers did not v o te , but union and em p lo y e r s had a g r eed upon a m a s te r #contract. The union drew up a sep a r a te a g r eem e n t co v er in g w orking con d ition s w ith the P h ila d e lp h ia M arin e T rade A s s o c ia t io n . I s s u e s a t South A tla n tic and G ulf p orts s t i l l rem a in ed u n se ttled .

See footn ote at end of ta b le .


2 4

16. L on gsh o r in g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a s ts , 1959- In tern atio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n 1 v . sh ip p in g

and s te v e d o r in g c o m p a n ie s— C ontinued

D e cem b e r 14, 1959 — The N ew Y ork w age p attern w as o ffere d in M obile* N ew O r le a n s , and G a lv esto n . O ther i s s u e s rem a in ed u n se ttled .

D e cem b e r 1 7 -------------- P h ila d e lp h ia lo n g sh o rem en ra tif ied a 3 -y e a r co n tr a c t. F e d e r a l m e d ia to rs in G a lv esto n announced that f in a l o f fe r s by e m p lo y e r s and dem an d s by the union had b een r e je c te d .

D e cem b e r 2 3 -------------- L o n g sh o rem en and e m p lo y e r s in N ew O r lea n s a g r eed on a 3 -y e a r p a ct a v ertin g a ren ew ed s tr ik e on the 28th. M oney te r m s o f the co n tr a c t w e r e id e n tic a l w ith the a g r eem e n t reach ed in N ew Y ork . On the 2 1 st and 22d , G ulf C o ast lo n g sh o rem en had voted o v e r w h e lm in g ly a g a in st the " la st o ffer" of the sh ip p e r s . A g ree m e n t had not b een rea ch ed in M ob ile o v er the s iz e of w ork c r e w s .S e ttlem en t w as rea ch ed in G a lv esto n on a l l i s s u e s .

D e cem b e r 2 6 -------------- S h ip p ers and union o f f ic ia ls in M o b ile , the on ly rem a in in g u n se ttled p o r t, a g r eed to the 3 -y e a r co n tra ct. On D e c e m b e r 27, the in ju n ction w as lifte d .

1 Affiliated with AFL-CIO on November 17, 1959.2 The association bargains for 170 steamship lines and contracting stevedores.3 Labor-Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act, Sec. 8(d)(3).* New York—New Jersey law, under which the commission operates, made it mandatory for anyone doing pier work to be registered by the agency—a process that involves screening to bar criminals from the piers.

17. B a s ic S te e l In d u stry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A FL —CIO) v . b a s ic s t e e l in d u stry

J anuary—F eb ru ary— M arch 1959__________ In d ication s of an im pen ding d isp u te o v e r new c o n tr a c t te r m s b ec a m e ev id en t e a r ly in 1959. P r e lim in a r y ta c t ic s w e r e con fin ed to g e n e r a l s ta te m e n ts , tend ing to show how far ap a rt in d u stry and union w e r e

l ik e ly to be in th e ir in it ia l co n ta c ts . C om pany sp o k e sm e n e x p r e s s e d th e ir o p p o sitio n to " in flation ary" w a ge b o o s ts . S te e l p ro d u ction r o se as c o n su m e r s b u ilt up in v e n to r ie s . F o r e ig n co m p e titio n , w h ich w as to be c ited m an y t im e s in the lo o m in g d isp u te , w as in tro d u ced by p r o d u ce rs as a fa c to r to be c o n s id e r e d in n e g o tia t io n s .P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r , in a F eb ru a ry p r e s s c o n fe r e n c e , s ta te d that "I h ave a lw a ys u rged that w age in c r e a s e s shou ld be m e a su r e d by in c r e a s e o f p ro d u c tiv ity , and I think th ere w ould be no in fla tio n a r y e f fe c t if they w e re m e a su r e d by that c r ite r io n . "

A p r il 1 ------------------------ K a ise r S te e l C orp. , rep la c in g P ittsb u rg h S te e l C o ., jo in ed the "big tw elv e" co m p a n ies who w e re to p a r tic ip a te in n eg o tia tio n s sch ed u led to b eg in M ay 18. 1 Ind iv id u a l com p any m e e tin g s w ith r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of the U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a w e re sch ed u led fo r the w eek of M ay 18, a fter w hich ta lk s would be r e c e s s e d u n til June 1. At that t im e , n eg o tia tio n s w e re to be r e su m e d , to be hand led for the in d u stry by r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s fro m th ree of the co m p a n ie s— U n ited S ta tes S te e l , R ep u b lic S te e l , and B eth leh em S te e l— in stea d of by the 12 m a jo r p r o d u c e r s . R e p r e se n ta t iv e s from the sa m e th ree top p ro d u ce rs a ls o handled the 1956 n eg o tia tio n s.

S ee foo tn o te at end of ta b le .


25

17. B a s ic S te e l Industry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L —CIO) v . b a s ic s t e e l in d u stry — C ontinued

A p ril 1 , 1959—Continued ---------------- R. Conrad C o op er , of U. S. S te e l , w as to lead the in d u stry 's b arga in in g

grou p , w h ich a ls o in clu d ed R. H eath L a r r y , of U .S . S te e l , H. C. Lum b, c o u n se l for R ep u b lic S te e l, and John H. M o r se , co u n se l fo r B eth leh em S te e l. D avid J . M cD onald w as to head the union n e g o t ia to r s , a s s is t e d by H ow ard R. H ague, union v ic e p r e s id e n t , I. W. A b el, s e c r e ta r y , and A rthur J . G old b erg , g e n era l co u n se l.

A p r il 10

A p ril 13

A p ril 15

A 1 -y e a r ex te n sio n of cu rren t w a g es and o th er b en efits w as p ro p o sed in a le t te r sen t by the 12 co m p an ies to the union p r e s id e n t . It w as a lso p ro p o sed that c o s t -o f - l iv in g e s c a la to r c la u se s con ta in ed in cu rren t a g r e e m e n ts be e lim in a te d . M r. M cD onald p ro m p tly re je c te d the p r o p o s a ls .In a le t te r to the s t e e l p r o d u c e r s , the union head p rop osed : (1) Thatn eg o tia tio n s b eg in M ay 4 in stea d of M ay 18, (2) no p r ic e in c r e a s e s during the l ife of any new a g r eem e n t rea ch ed , and (3) that any s e t t l e m en t should p ro te c t r e a l w a ges and p ro v id e in c r e a s e s in w a g es and oth er b en efits ju s tif ie d by in c r e a s e d output and in d u stry p r o fit s .In re p ly to M r. M cD onald , in d u stry sp o k esm en a g reed to e a r l ie r b a r gain in g s e s s io n s , but r e je c ted or re fu sed to d is c u s s the o th er p a r ts of the union p ro p o sa l.

A p ril 20 In dustry and union a g reed to s ta r t co n tra c t ta lk s in N ew York on M ay 5.A p ril 30-M ay 1 U nited S te e lw o r k e r s ' w age p o lic y co m m ittee d rew up a ." co m p re

h en siv e" b arga in in g p ro gra m ca llin g for " su b stan tia l" w age in c r e a s e s , c o s t - o f - l iv in g ad ju stm en ts , im p ro ved in su ra n ce and p en sio n s , in c r e a s e d w eeken d p ay , sh o r te r w ork w eek s , im p ro ved su p p lem en ta l u n em p loym en t b e n e f its , ad d ition al paid h o lid a y s and g r e a te r v a ca tio n b e n e f its , r e v ise d g r ie v a n c e p r o c e d u r e s , and im p ro ved co n tra ct te r m s co v er in g m any oth er i s s u e s .

M ay 5 ------------------------- As n eg o tia tio n s got u n d erw ay, in d u stry r e ite r a te d its r e q u est fora 1 -y e a r co n tra ct ex te n sio n w h ich drew a secon d re je c t io n from M r. M cD onald .In the c o u r se of a p r e s s c o n fe r e n c e , P r e s id e n t E isen h o w er ca lled on both s id e s for a d isp la y of "good s e n s e , w isd o m , and b u s in e s s - la b o r s ta te sm a n sh ip ," adding that the cou n try could not, in the long run, stand s t i l l and do nothing in the a b sen c e of su ch vo lu n tary r e s tr a in t. H ow ev er , he did em p h a siz e h is r e lu c ta n ce to h ave the G overn m en t take a d ir e c t hand in c o lle c t iv e b arg a in in g , and h is o p p o sitio n to le g a l c e ilin g s on p r o f it s , p r ic e s , and w a g es .

M ay 6 ------------------------- Industry sp o k esm en sta ted that two p ro p o sed m o v e s w e re under c o n s id er a tio n should the union dep art from its u su a l p ro ced u re o f s tr ik in g the en tire in d u stry at the ex p ira tio n of c o n tr a c ts . One w as a form of m utual a s s is t a n c e , or s tr ik e in su r a n c e , w h ere p ro fits of the o p e r ating co n cer n s a re u sed to aid th o se s tru ck . The secon d s te p , a volu n tary in d u stryw id e shutdow n, w as p ro v id ed fo r by sen d in g co n tra ct term in a tio n n o tice s to the union , a le g a l fo rm a lity under the T aft- H artley A c t, w hich would a llow the p lan ts to c lo s e a fter June 30 should the union a ttem p t a d iv id e -a n d -co n q u er tech n iq u e. T his m ark ed the secon d tim e in the p o st T a ft-H a r tley h is to r y of s t e e l n eg o tia tio n s (the f ir s t tim e w as in 19 56) that com pany term in a tio n n o tic e s on an in d u stryw id e m ove had b een sen t.


26

17. B a s ic S te e l In d u stry D isp u te , 1 9 5 9 - U n ite d S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L -C IO ) v . b a s ic s t e e l in d u stry — C ontinued

M ay 11 , 1 9 5 9 _______ _ S in ce n eg o tia tio n s b etw een e x e c u t iv e s fro m the 12 s te e l co m p a n ie s and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s co n d u cted during the p re v io u s w eek fa ile d to p rod u ce any s ig n if ic a n t d e v e lo p m e n ts , 4 -m a n c o m m itte e s fro m in d u stry and la b o r began a seco n d p h ase o f c o n tr a c t ta lk s .

M ay 2 7 ________________ L ea d e rs o f the s te e l in d u stry , g a th e red fo r the 67th annual m ee tin g of the A m e r ic a n Iron and S te e l In st itu te , d e c la r e d th e ir o p p o sit io n to any w age in c r e a s e s . It w as d is c lo s e d that the un ion w a s b ein g a sk ed to a llo w r e v is io n s in ’’lo c a l p r a c t ic e ” c la u s e s 2 to a llo w m a n a g em en t m o re co n tro l o v e r e m p lo y ee p la c em en t. The e lim in a tio n o f r e s t r i c t iv e p r a c t ic e s w as a ls o m en tion ed .

June 9 __________ ____ M r. M cD on ald n o tif ied in d u stry n e g o tia to r s that th e union w ish ed to r e su m e co m p a n y -b y -co m p a n y m e e tin g s the fo llo w in g w eek (16th). M r. C ooper m a d e c le a r that w h ile e s c a la t io n c la u s e s w ould be e l im in a ted under the in d u stry 's p r o p o sa l, the s te e lw o r k e r s w ould k eep the 1 7 -ce n t c o s t - o f - l iv in g a llo w a n c e s added to w a g es o v e r the p a st 3 y e a r s — but on ly on an "add on” b a s is ra th er than a s p art of the b a s ic w a ge.

M r. C ooper in d ica ted that the s e s s io n s w e r e s ta l le d on in d u stry d e m an d s for r e v is io n of lo c a l p r a c t ic e c la u s e s . N e g o tia tio n s had re a ch e d a s ta le m a te o v e r w hat both grou p s te r m e d the in f le x ib le p o s it io n of the o p p o site p arty . H o w ev er , both M r. M cD onald and M r. C o o p er , in s e p a r a te p r e s s c o n fe r e n c e s , a g r e e d that the un ion had n ot put a s p e c if ic d o lla r s and c e n ts tag on its d em a n d s.

June 10 _ _ A sh ift in the in d u stry 's p o s it io n w as in d ica ted in a le t t e r fro m M r. C ooper to the union p r e s id e n t co n ta in in g an e ig h t-p o in t p ro g ra m for broad co n tr a c t ch a n ges w h ich d ea lt w ith lo c a l w o rk in g co n d itio n s; p r o v is io n s a g a in st " w ild ca t” s tr ik e s , s lo w d o w n s, and p ick etin g ; m a n a g e m e n t's r ig h t to d ev e lo p in c e n t iv e s and sta n d a rd s; c la r if ic a t io n of c o m p a n ie s ' r ig h t to chan ge w ork sch ed u le s ; v a ca tio n re q u ir e m e n ts; e lim in a tio n o f ov er lap p in g or d u p lica tio n of b en e fits ; s im p lif ic a t io n of p r o c e d u r e s fo r e s ta b lish in g s e n io r ity u n its; and c la r if ic a t io n o f c o n tr a c t lan g u ag e . The co m p an ies sta te d that a g r e e m e n t by th e union on lan g u a ge ch a n g es re la tin g to th is e ig h t-p o in t p ro g ra m w a s a p r e r e q u is ite to a g r e e m e n t by th em on a p a ck age c o m p o se d o f a " m o d e st” w age in c r e a s e and c e r ta in fr in g e b en efit im p r o v e m e n ts . A ls o , the co m p a n ies sta te d that th ey w ould co n tin u e to be r e p r e s e n te d by the fo u r -m a n tea m . T he union r e je c te d the p r o p o s a ls .

June 11 N e g o tia tio n s re a ch e d a d ea d lo ck o v e r the q u e stio n of the fo rm of n e g o t ia t io n s , that i s , w h eth er b arga in in g sh ou ld be con d u cted on an in d u stryw id e (fo u r-m a n co m m ittee ) or on a co m p a n y -b y -co m p a n y b a s is (w hich the union dem anded) or a co m b in ation of both. M r. M cD on ald s e r v e d n o tice that the fu ll 4 3 5 -m e m b e r union n eg o tia tin g c o m m itte e w ould be on hand June 16.

June 19 A fter 2 d ays o f m e e tin g s b etw een la r g e r co m p a n y -u n io n c o m m it te e s , in d u stry and union to p - le v e l tea m s re su m e d ta lk s w ith the p ro ced u ra l d isp u te a p p a ren tly s e t t le d .

S ee footn ote a t end o f ta b le .


2 7

17. B a s ic S te e l Industry D isp u te , 1959—U n ited S te e lw o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a(AFLr-CIO) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

June 22, 1 9 5 9 ------------- Industry n e g o tia to r s m a in ta in ed that the union had y e t to co m e up w ith a re a so n a b le b a s is fo r a new co n tr a c t. T h is w a s in r e sp o n se to an u n d isc lo se d union p ro p o sa l o ffere d on June 19 as a su b stitu te for its o r ig in a l l i s t of 250 in d iv id u a l ite m s (su b m itted during the ea r ly s ta g e s of n eg o tia tio n s) on w h ich it w ish ed to b a rg a in . Industry s ta ted , in r e sp o n se to in fo rm a l su g g e st io n s for a r is e in p en sio n s and w e lfa r e b e n e fits , that su ch ad ju stm en ts w ould be ju s t as in f la t io n ary as h igh er w a g e s . M r. C ooper m et in W ashington w ith J o sep h F . F in n egan , d ir e c to r o f the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e . M r. M cD onald had m et w ith M r. F in n eg an during the p rev io u s w eek .

June 24—25 ____________ In d efin ite ex te n s io n of co n tr a c ts beyond the ex p ira tio n d ate, ca n ce la b le on 10 d ays' n o tice , w as p ro p o sed by the in d u stry . The u n ion 's co u n te r p r o p o sa l o ffe r e d co n tra ct ex te n s io n u n til Ju ly 15. In addition , the union w age p o lic y co m m itte e , w h ile sa n ctio n in g the 15-d ay ex te n sio n , s tip u la ted that any se tt le m e n t n eg o tia ted should be r e tr o a c t iv e to Ju ly 1. T h is r e tr o a c t iv ity , the co m p a n ies re p lied , w a s u naccep tab le*

June 27— -------------------- P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r , in a le t te r to M r. M cD onald , u rg ed both s id e s to "bargain w ithout in terru p tio n of p ro d u ction u n til a ll te r m s and co n d itio n s of a new co n tra ct a re a g r eed upon. " T h is w as in rep ly to a le t te r sen t to the W hite H ou se on June 25 by M r. M cD onald, req u estin g the e s ta b lish m e n t of a factfin d in g board to ex am in e is s u e s su ch as w a g e s , p r o fit s , and p ro d u ctiv ity in the s te e l in d u stry . The P r e s id e n t r e je c te d the su g g e stio n , a s s e r t in g that C o n g re ss had s p e c if ic a l ly l im ite d the u se of P r e s id e n tia l B oa rd s o f Inquiry to n ation a l e m e r g e n c ie s .

June 28------ ---------------- A g ree m e n t w a s rea ch ed on ex ten d in g co n tr a c ts for 2 w e e k s , w ithout any co m m itm en t on r e tr o a c t iv ity .

Ju ly 7--------------------------- M e e t i n g w ith V ice P r e s id e n t R ich ard M. N ixon in P ittsb u rg h , M r. M cD onald in fo rm ed h im that the union w ould not a g r ee to another s tr ik e d e la y . On the fo llo w in g day, the s te e lw o r k e r s r e je c te d a r e n ew ed p lea by P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r for an in d e fin ite ex te n sio n of the 2 -w e ek tr u c e . M r. M cD onald sa id he w a s su re the P r e s id e n t "does not intend that w e n eg o tia te fo r e v e r . " In d u stry 's n eg o tia to rs secon d ed the P r e s id e n t 's p lea for an in d efin ite e x te n sio n .

Ju ly 10 ___ __________ L ea d e rs on both s id e s ex ch an g ed id ea s on r e v is e d co n tr a c t c la u s e s gov ern in g w ork in g r u le s and ch a n ges in o p era tin g p r a c t ic e s . In a p r e s s r e le a s e , the in d u stry in d ica ted it s w ill in g n e s s to n eg o tia te a 2 -y e a r co n tr a ct w ith an in c r e a s e in in su ra n ce and p en sio n b en efits during the f ir s t y e a r and a m o d e st w age r a is e during the seco n d y e a r , *if the union w ould a c cep t co n tra ctu a l ch a n ges p ro p o sed by the in d u stry . (S ee June 10. )

Ju ly 1 2 ________________ T a lk s b roke down o v e r com pany " lo ca l p ra c tice" d em ands and p r o p o s a ls to tigh ten p r o v is io n s a g a in st w ild ca t s tr ik e s . The union a g reed to contin u e d is c u s s in g w age i s s u e s w h ile r e fe r r in g the oth er poin ts to a jo in t c o m m ittee for study during the term of a new co n tr a ct. Industry o ffere d e ith er a s tr a ig h t 1 -y e a r ex te n sio n of cu rren t co n tr a cts or an in d e fin ite ex te n s io n , c a n ce la b le on 5 d a y 's n o tice , w h ile ta lk s con tin u ed . The union r e je c te d both.


28

17. B a s ic S te e l Ind u stry D isp u te , 1959~U nited S te e lw o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a (AFL~C IO ) v. b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

Ju ly 13, 1 9 5 9 _________ A p lea from P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r fo r a r e v iv a l of ta lk s aga in brou gh tboth s id e s to g e th e r in an a ttem p t to b rea k the s ta le m a te . M ills m ad e p re p a ra tio n s fo r shutting down to p r o te c t fu r n a c e s and eq u ip m en t fo r the seco n d tim e in 2 w e ek s .

Ju ly 14 ~ „______________ P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r reco m m en d ed that m a n a g em en t and la b o r r e p r e se n ta t iv e s c a ll on F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s fo r a s s is t a n c e in rea ch in g a g r eem e n t. A la s t m in u te ex ch an g e of le t t e r s b e tw een the p a r t ie s fa iled to b reak the im p a s s e , a lthough the union p ro p o sed a c o n c e s s io n by changing co n tra ct lan gu age of " lo ca l w ork in g p r a c t ic e c la u se s" in a ll s te e l co n tr a c ts to read: "The p r o v is io n s of th is s e c t io n a r e notin ten d ed to p re v en t the com pany fro m contin u ing to m ak e p r o g r e s s . " T h is p r o v is io n w a s in the 1956 B e th leh e m S te e l C orp. co n tr a c t. H ow e v e r , in d u stry turn ed down the o ffer .

Ju ly 15 The s t e e l s tr ik e began at 12:01 a .m . , Ju ly 15. J o sep h F in n eg a n , D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , w ith a

•staff of th r e e , c o n s is t in g o f R ob ert H. M oo re , deputy d ir e c to r ; W alter A . M a gg io lo , d ir e c to r of M ed iation A c tiv ity ; and R ob ert W. D onnahoo, r e g io n a l d ir e c to r , R egion T w o, a r r iv e d in N ew Y ork for c o n fe r e n c e s w ith ea ch s id e . F o llo w in g 3 h ou rs of s e p a r a te ta lk s w ith in d u stry and union le a d e r s , M r. F in n egan re p o rted that the s tr ik e w as not s u sc e p t ib le to e a sy or ea r ly so lu tio n . E a r l ie r , th e un ion c a lle d for the ap p oin tm en t of a th r e e -m a n fa ctfin d in g b oard — one fro m in d u stry , one fro m la b o r , and a n eu tr a l m e m b e r s e le c te d by S u p rem e C ourt C h ief J u s t ic e E a r l W arren. The p r o d u c e r s r e je c te d the p r o p o s a l, a s s e r t in g that both s id e s a lr ea d y knew the fa c ts . M r. M cD onald u rged the top e x e c u t iv e s of the b ig s te e l co m p a n ie s to p a r tic ip a te d ir e c t ly in n eg o tia tio n s; th is w as r e je c te d by p r o d u ce rs on the ground that the n eg o tia tin g tea m had a m p le au th or ity .

In h is n ew s c o n fe r e n c e , P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r sa id th e co n d itio n s w e re not y e t p r e se n t to ju s tify seek in g a T a ft-H a r tle y in ju n ction to k eep the w o rk er s on the job . He a ls o r e je c te d the n eed for a fa ctfin d in g b oard , and re a ffir m ed h is b e l ie f that c o l le c t iv e b arg a in in g sh ou ld con tin u e w ithout G ov ern m en t in terv en tio n , but a id ed by the M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e .

Ju ly 20 F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s contin ued th e ir s e p a r a te ta lk s w ith the p a r t ie s . M r. F in n egan r e a s s e r te d h is p r e v io u s co n c lu s io n that th ere w ould be no e a sy o r e a r ly solution* to the s to p p ag e . S in ce the 14th th e r e had b een no f a c e - t o - f a c e s e s s io n s b etw een in d u stry and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s .

Ju ly 2 1 ________________ S e c r e ta r y o f L abor J a m e s P . M itch e ll announced that he w a s fo r m a llytaking on the fu n ction o f G ov ern m en t fa c tf in d er and w ould rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t p e r io d ic a lly . A s s is ta n c e w ould be sou gh t fro m S e c r e ta ry of C o m m erce F r e d e r ic k H. M u eller ; C h airm an o f the P r e s id e n t 's C ou n cil of E co n o m ic A d v iso r s R aym ond J. S a u ln ie r , and o th er a p p r o p r ia te o f f ic ia ls of the F e d e r a l G overn m en t. B oth in d u stry and la b o r a s s u r e d the S e c r e ta r y of th e ir co o p era tio n .

Ju ly 2 7 ________________ The M ed iation S e r v ic e ca lled the f i r s t jo in t m ee tin g w ith the p a r t ie sin N ew York C ity , the f ir s t to take p la c e s in c e the s tr ik e b eg an . T h ere w as no change in p o s it io n on the p a rt o f the partiefe.


2 9

17. B a s ic S tee l Ind u stry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L -C IO ) v. b a s ic s te e l in d u stry— C ontinued

Ju ly 28, 1959 -________ U n ited S ta tes S te e l rep o rted that i t s n et p r o fits in the f ir s t h a lf o f the y ea r had s e t a re co rd . M r. M cD on ald term e d th e s e ea rn in g s and th o se o f o th er m a jo r co m p a n ies " a s tro n o m ic a l. "

A u gu st 1______________ S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll c r i t ic iz e d lab o r and m an a g em en t for not m aking a s e r io u s e ffo r t to s e t t le the s tr ik e and ap p ealed to both s id e s to hold d a ily ta lk s .

A u gu st 3 ______________ A fter s ep a r a te m e e tin g s w ith the p a r tie s on Ju ly 28, 29 , 30, and 31, the M ed ia to rs c a lle d a jo in t m ee tin g in N ew Y ork C ity w ith th e fu ll b argain in g tea m s fro m both s id e s p r e se n t . It w as a g r eed that t e c h n ic ia n s be brought in fro m both s id e s to w ork w ith the co m m itte e and that a g e n e r a l re v iew of the co n tr a c t c la u se s in d isa g r e e m e n t be m ad e.F o llo w in g the jo in t m ee tin g , an exch an ge of ch a rg e s w as m a d e , ea ch s id e b lam in g the o th er for the p ro lon gation o f the s tr ik e . The eru p tion in d ica ted that a ttitu d es had h ard en ed s in c e the s tr ik e began and that the p a r tie s v iew ed the G o v ern m en t’s r o le in the d isp u te qu ite d iffe r e n tly . S e v e r a l t im e s the union had a sk ed for G overn m en t fa c t find ing. In d u stry le a d e r s in s is te d that the G overn m en t shou ld s ta y out of the s tr ik e , contending that g o v ern m en ta l in te r fe r e n c e in the p ast had a lw ay s r e su lte d in " in flation ary" s e t t le m e n ts .

A u gu st 1 2 _________ ___ In a n ew s c o n fe r e n c e , the P r e s id e n t h eld to h is p o s it io n o f keep in g F e d e r a l in te r fe r e n c e to a m in im u m . The union aga in c a lle d fo r the appoin tm en t of a sp e c ia l factfin d in g board to reco m m en d se t t le m e n t te r m s .

A u gust 17______________ T a lk s p ro cee d ed w ithout M r. M cD on ald , who had in d ica ted he would not atten d the ta lk s until in d u stry r e p la ce d the fo u r-m a n n eg o tia tin g team w ith top ranking o f f ic ia ls . F u rth er jo in t s e s s io n s w e re sch ed u led to c o n s id e r m in o r co n tra ct ch a n g es .

A u gu st 1 9 _____________ S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll r e le a s e d the D ep a rtm en t's p resen ta tio n o f b a ck ground fa c ts on so m e of the eco n o m ic q u e stio n s r e la ted to the s te e l s tr ik e— w a g e s , p ro d u ctiv ity , p r ic e s , and p r o fits . 3 N o co n c lu s io n s w ere draw n. E ach s id e h a iled the rep o rt a s supportin g it s p o s it io n .

A u gu st 2 6 _____________ M r. M cD onald re tu rn ed to the b argain in g s e s s io n s a fte r an a b se n c e of a lm o s t 3 w e e k s . No headw ay tow ard a se t t le m e n t w as re p o rted .

A u gu st 2 9 _____ ________ A su rv e y of 3 1 in d u str ia l a r e a s con d u cted by the D ep artm en t of L abor found that, by A u gu st 15, th ere had been 7 1 , 0 0 0 " secon d ary" la y o ffs as a r e su lt o f the s tr ik e . T h is w as in terp re ted to m ean th at, a fter 1 m onth , the s tr ik e had r e la t iv e ly l i t t le im p a ct on the 31 s te e l p r o ducing and co n su m in g a r e a s stu d ied .

S ep tem b er 2 __________ S te e lw o r k e r s r e c e iv e d "a f ir s t down paym ent" of $ 1 m ill io n in a id from oth er unions ( la ter rep a id ). P la n s w e re m ade for' r a is in g ad d ition a l funds a t the b ien n ia l A F L —CIO co n ven tion beginning on S ep tem b er 17.

S ep tem b er 6 __________ S e c r e ta r y M itch e ll announced that i f sh o r ta g e s ap p eared and fu rth er u n em p loym en t r e su lte d and the s tr ik e took on the a s p e c ts of an e m e r g en cy a ffec tin g the n ation a l h ea lth and sa fe ty , he would reco m m en d that the P r e s id e n t c o n s id e r in v o ca tion o f the e m e rg en cy p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a r tley A ct.

S ee footnote at end of ta b le .


30

17. B a s ic S te e l In d u stry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A FL~C IO )v. b a s ic s t e e l in d u stry — C ontinued

S ep tem b er 17—18,1959-------------------------- The AFLr“CIO co n ven tion , m ee tin g in San F r a n c is c o , d ev o ted c o n s id

er a b le a tten tion to the s t e e l s tr ik e . A r e so lu tio n ca lled upon P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r to co n ven e a W hite H ou se m ee tin g of r e sp o n s ib le union and in d u stry r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s . If th is fa ile d to p ro d u ce a s e t t le m e n t , the r e so lu tio n then u rg ed the appointm ent of a p u b lic -factfinding board to m ak e re co m m en d a tio n s . The F e d e r a tio n 's G en era l B oard r e c o m m en d ed the e s ta b lish m e n t of a S te e lw o r k e r s D e fe n se Fund. S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll , a d d r ess in g the co n v en tio n , r e sta te d h is p o s it io n on G o v ern m en t in terv en tio n and on the in v o ca tio n of T a ft-H a r tley p r o c e d u r e s shou ld n a tion a l h ea lth and sa fe ty be a ffec ted .

S ep tem b er 25

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O ctob er 4

The s te e lw o r k e r s ended 3 w eek s of n eg o tia tio n s w ith M r. M cD onald d e c la r in g , "We a re goin g h om e. T h is fa r c ic a l f i l ib u s te r that has gon e on s in c e M ay 5 h as ended. " He in d ica ted that the ta lk s shou ld be m ov ed from N ew Y ork C ity to anoth er lo c a tio n , e ith e r W ashington o r ’ P ittsb u rg h .R e p r e se n ta t iv e s of in d u stry and lab or m e t s e p a r a te ly w ith the P r e s id en t. At the c o n c lu s io n of the ta lk s , the P r e s id e n t sa id he hoped that an a g r eem e n t w ould be rea ch ed b e fo r e he re tu rn ed fro m a s c h e d u led tr ip to C a lifo rn ia on O ctob er 8. F o llo w in g th is , M r. M cD onald m et w ith R oger M. B lou gh , ch a irm a n of the b oa rd , U nited S ta tes S te e l C orp. , and four o th er in d u stry le a d e r s . A jo in t com m u n iq u e is su e d at the end of the s e s s io n sa id that ta lk s would be re su m e d the fo llo w in g day in P ittsb u rg h .The s te e lw o r k e r s ' ex e c u tiv e board r e je c te d in d u str y 's f ir s t e c o n o m ic o f f e r 4 in the 8 2 -d a y old d isp u te , su b ject to a c tio n by the u n ion ’s w a ge p o lic y c o m m itte e . Included in the co m p a n ies ' o ffer w e re im p r o v e m en ts in the p e n s io n , in su r a n c e , and su p p lem en ta l u n em p lo ym en t b en efit p ro g ra m s in the f ir s t y e a r of a 2 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t, and in c r e a s e d w age ra te s at the begin n in g of the seco n d y e a r , the in c r e a s e s ranging from 6 cen ts for the lo w e s t job c la s s to 12 cen ts for the h ig h e s t . O ver the 2 -y e a r p e r io d , the to ta l p a ck age w ould in c r e a s e " em p loym en t c o sts" by 15 cen ts p er m a n -h o u r w o rk ed , or about 2 p e r cen t a y e a r , a cco rd in g to com p any e s t im a te s . As a p a rt of th is o f fe r , am en d m en ts to the b a s ic lab o r a g r e e m e n ts w ith the fo llo w in g s ta ted o b je c tiv e s w e re sought: (1) C ontinue p aym en t of the 1 7 -c e n t-p e r -h o u r c o s t - o f - l iv in g a llo w a n ce in e f fe c t at the ex p ira tio n of the p re v io u s a g r e e m e n ts , but e lim in a te p r o v is io n s fo r fu tu re e s c a la to r ch a n ges in e ith er d ire c tio n ; (2) en ab le m a n a g em en t to take re a so n a b le s te p s to e lim in a te w a ste and im p ro v e e f f ic ie n c y , but p r o te c t the r ig h ts of em p lo y e e s to r e s o r t to g r ie v a n c e and a r b itr a tio n p ro ced u re; (3) p e r m it f le x ib il i ty in sch ed u lin g of w ork; and (4) d e ter w ild ca t s tr ik e s by p erm ittin g the d isc h a r g e of any em p lo y ee en g agin g in su ch a c tio n .The s te e lw o r k e r s r e je c te d the p ro p o sa l, re p ly in g that it w ould red u ce w o r k e r s ' take h om e pay during the f ir s t y e a r b e c a u se of an in c r e a s e in in su ra n ce c o s t s , and ev a lu a ted the w orth of the 2 -y e a r p a ck age at l e s s than the co m p a n ies ' f ig u r e . F u r th e r m o r e , the co n d itio n s re g a rd in g co n tra ct ch a n g es a ttach ed to the o ffer w e r e u n a ccep ta b le to the u n ion .

O ctob er 6 Top in d u stry e x e c u t iv e s and union o f f ic ia ls co n fe r r e d in an e ffo r t to b rea k the d ea d lo ck but the ta lk s b ro k e o ff in a f r e s h s ta le m a te . No fu rth er ta lk s w e re sch ed u led . C om pany o f f ic ia ls sto od f ir m ly beh ind th e ir o ffe r , w h ich the union contin ued to r e je c t as " to ta lly in ad eq u ate . "



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17. B a s ic S tee l Industry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (AFLr-CIO) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

7, 1 9 5 9______ M r. M cD onald s ta ted that the union w ould figh t a T a ft-H a r tley in ju n ction in the co u rts but p led ged th at, fa ilin g to u p se t the in ju n ction , the union w ould "obey the law of the land." He a ga in c a lle d for a public factfin d in g board to s ift the s tr ik e is s u e s and recom m en d a se tt le m e n t.

8 -------------------- S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll m et w ith union le a d e r s to a s c e r ta in the b a r g a in ing situ a tio n , a fter w hich he w as ex p ected to rep o rt to P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r w h eth er th ere w as any hope f o r a vo lu n tary a c co rd .F o llo w in g a sta te m en t w h ere in he co n clu d ed that the s tr ik e , if p e r m itte d to con tin u e, w ould im p e r il the n ation a l h ea lth and s a fe ty , P r e s id e n t E isen h o w er is su e d an E x ecu tiv e o r d e r 5 c r ea tin g a B oard of Inquiry c o n s is t in g of G eorge W. T a y lo r of P en n sy lv a n ia , ch a irm a n , John P erk in s o f D e la w a re , and P au l N . L eh oczk y of O hio. The B oard w as to rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t , in a cco rd a n ce w ith S ec tio n 206 of the T a ft-H a r tley A c t, on or b e fo re O ctob er 16, 1959.

12 A fter m ee tin g on O ctob er 11 se p a r a te ly w ith in d u stry and union o f f ic ia ls in " exp loratory" ta lk s a im ed at defin ing and n arrow in g d isp u ted i s s u e s , the B oard of Inquiry began its public h ea r in g s .A rth u r G old berg to ld the B oard that the u n ion 's o b jec tiv e w as a "package" im p ro v em en t w orth 15 cen ts an hour, in a 1 - , 2 - , or 3 -y e a r co n tra ct.

13 . D r. T ay lor d ec la re d that the B oa rd 's m ed ia to ry e ffo r ts w e re being im p ed ed by d ifficu lty in defin in g the i s s u e s , and that he m ight a sk for an ex te n sio n of the d ea d lin e for the B o a rd 's rep ort.

14 P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r , by E x ecu tiv e O rder 10848, ex ten d ed the date for su b m iss io n of the B oa rd 's rep o rt to O ctob er 19. The B oard had r e q u ested an ex te n sio n of t im e and S e c r e ta r y M itch e ll obtained the P r e s id e n t 's a s s e n t .

15 A s iz a b le cut in it s m on ey d em ands in a 2 -y e a r co n tract w as p r o p o sed by the s te e lw o r k e r s . T his s e r v e d a s a p re lu d e to the r e su m p tion of n eg o tia tio n s sch ed u led for the fo llow in g day.Included in the "package" o ffer w ere f ir s t y ea r im p ro v em en ts con fin ed to in su r a n c e , p e n s io n s , and su p p lem en ta l u n em p loym en t b en efits va lu ed by the union at about 10 cen ts an hour o v er a 2 -y e a r p er io d . In the secon d y e a r , w a ges would be r a ise d about 10V2 cen ts an h ou r, of w h ich 7 cen ts would be a g e n e r a l ra te in c r e a s e . A m axim u m c o s t - o f- liv in g ad ju stm en t of 3 cen ts an hour in the secon d y ea r w as a ls o p ro p o sed . It w as m ade known la te r that the union p ro p osed that each s te e l com p any p rov id e for the ap pointm ent of a n in e -m e m b e r c o m m itte e— th ree from in d u stry , th ree fro m la b o r , and th ree ex p e r ts of high standing— to reco m m en d for c o n sid e ra tio n a lo n g -r a n g e fo rm u la for eq u itab le sh arin g b etw een the s to c k h o ld e r s , the e m p lo y e e s , and the p u b lic , of the fru its of the com p an y's p r o g r e s s .

17 M r. C ooper o ffere d a co u n terp ro p o sa l w h ich c a lle d for a 3 -y e a r co n tra c t w ith im p ro ved b en efits the f ir s t y e a r , fo llo w ed by w age in c r e a s e s during the next 2 y e a r s and o th er co n tra ct im p ro v em en ts . The c o m p an ies su g g e sted the e s ta b lish m e n t of a Hum an R e la tio n s R e se a r c h C o m m ittee to plan and o v e r s e e stu d ies and reco m m en d so lu tio n s in su ch a r e a s as: G uides for the d e term in a tio n of w a ges and b en efits; em p lo ym en t p ro b lem s; job c la s s if ic a t io n ; w age in ce n tiv es; and sen ior ity .

S ee footn ote at end of tab le .


3217. B a s ic S tee l In d u stry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a

(A FL -C IQ ) v. b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

O ctob er 18, 1959_____ M r. C ooper p ro p o sed that the is s u e of r e v is io n of w ork r u le s ber e s o lv e d by su b m ittin g to a th r e e -m a n a r b itr a t io n b oa rd (one c o m pany, one un ion , and one s e le c te d by the two) the fo llow in g q u estion : "W hat, if any , ch a n g es shou ld be m ade in the lo c a l w ork ing co n d itio n s p r o v is io n s to en ab le the co m p a n ies to take r e a so n a b le s te p s to im p ro v e e f f ic ie n c y and e lim in a te w a ste w ith due re g a rd for the w e lfa r e of the e m p lo y e e s ? " The union r e je c te d the m o d ifica tio n a s " r id ic u lous" and "phony. "E d gar K a is e r , ch a irm a n of the board of K a ise r S te e l C orp. , a g r eed to h a lt h is se p a r a te ta lk s w ith the union.

O ctob er 1 9 ____________ In su b m ittin g its re p o rt to the P r e s id e n t , the B oard s ta ted that "thep a r tie s h ave fa ile d to rea ch an a g r e e m e n t and we s e e no p r o sp e c ts for an e a r ly c e s s a t io n of the s tr ik e . The B oard cannot point to a s in g le is s u e of any co n seq u en ce w h a tso e v er upon w h ich the p a r tie s a r e in a g r e e m e n t. " A lthough th ere w e re m any is s u e s in the d isp u te , the m ajor ro a d b lo ck s w ere in the broad a r e a s o f " eco n o m ics" and "w ork r u l e s ." 6 Upon r e c e iv in g the re p o r t, the P r e s id e n t in s tr u c te d the A ttorn ey G en era l to s e e k an in ju n ction , a s p ro v id ed for in the T a ft-H a r tley A ct.

O ctob er 20 The U .S . D ep artm en t of J u s t ic e p etitio n ed the F e d e r a l D is t r ic t C ourt in P ittsb u rg h fo r an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction under the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct, 7 em p h a siz in g the im p o r ta n ce of the in d u stry , le v e ls of s te e l su p p lie s , d efe n se n e e d s , and u n em p loym en t. The G overn m en t a s s e r t e d that, u n le s s the s tr ik e w as en jo in ed , the cou n try w ould su ffe r im m ed ia te and ir r e p a r a b le in ju ry . The co u rt w as a sk ed to find that the s tr ik e , i f con tin u ed , w ould " im p er il the n ation a l h ea lth and sa fe ty . "

M r. G old b erg , union c o u n se l, c o n te sted the p e tit io n , m ain ta in in g that the s tr ik e did not im p e r il the co u n try 's h ea lth or sa fe ty in a s t r ic t and l i t e r a l s e n s e . The lan gu age and le g is la t iv e h is to r y of the s ta tu te , he m a in ta in ed , m ake c le a r that the n ation a l em e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s w ould apply to th is s tr ik e on ly if , in so m e w a y , it d ir e c t ly and im m e d ia te ly th rea ten ed th e p h y s ic a l h ea lth or sa fe ty of the N a tio n . M r. G old berg sa id the union in tended to show that the s tr ik e p o sed no su ch th rea t, in that su ffic ie n t q u a n titie s o f s t e e l w e r e b ein g p r o d uced by co m p a n ies not on s tr ik e . It w a s fu rth er sta ted that the in ju n ction p r o v is io n s w ere u n co n stitu tio n a l, a s they c o n fe r r e d on the co u rts d u ties w h ich a r e not ju d ic ia l and a r e not co n n ected w ith any c a s e or c o n tr o v e r sy .

O ctob er 21 F e d e r a l D is t r ic t Judge H erb ert P . Sorg in P ittsb u rg h o r d ere d the in ju n ction a g a in st the s te e lw o r k e r s , upholding the G o v ern m en t's co n ten tion that the p ro lon g a tio n of the d isp u te w ould im p e r il the n a tion a l h ea lth and s a fe ty , ca u sin g ir r e p a r a b le d am age to the co u n try . T he co u rt m ad e no d e c is io n reg ard in g r e tr o a c t iv ity of any su b seq u en t a g r e e m e n t. A ls o le f t u n se ttled w as the a p p lic a b ility of any c o s t - o f - liv in g a d ju stm en t req u ired under 'the te r m s of the ex p ired c o n tr a c ts during the in ju n ction p er io d . M r. G old b erg r e q u ested the Judge to d efer h is o rd er long enough to p er m it an ap p ea l to Judge A u stin L». S ta ley o f the U .S . C ourt of A p p ea ls for the T h ird C ir cu it , w h ich w as g ran ted . Judge S ta ley ex ten d ed the sta y u n til 10 a . m . the fo llow in g day in o rd er to p r e s e r v e the sta tu s quo until a fu ll co u rt cou ld p a ss on M r. G o ld b erg 's ap p ea l.

S ee fo o tn o tes at end of tab le .


33

17. B a s ic S tee l Industry D isp u te , 1959— U n ited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ica (A FL —CIO) v. b a s ic s te e l in d u str y —-Continued

O ctob er 22, 1959- F o llo w in g a h ea r in g , the U. S. T hird C ircu it Court of A p p eals put off u n til the fo llow in g w eek a d e c is io n on the s te e lw o r k e r s ' ap p eal, at the sa m e tim e gran tin g a fu rth er sta y of the in junction pending a d e c is io n on the appeal.

O ctob er 26 K a ise r S tee l C orp. and the union a g reed on a new 2 0-m on th co n tract p rov id in g p ack age in c r e a s e s ev a lu a ted by the com pany at 22V2 cen ts an hour o v er the 20-m on th p er io d , in clu d in g a p o s s ib le 3 -c e n t c o s t - o f - liv in g ad ju stm en t. Work ru les i s s u e s w e re r e fe r r e d to a la b o r - m an a g em en t co m m ittee w ith auth ority to r e so lv e p ro b lem s by m utual a g r eem e n t. A lso se t up w a s a tr ip a r tite co m m ittee to d ev elop a lo n g -r a n g e plan for an "equ itab le sh arin g of eco n o m ic p r o g r e s s ." 8

O ctob er 27 By a 2 to 1 v o te , the Court of A p p ea ls upheld the p e titio n fo r an in ju n ction but o r d ere d that the is su a n c e of the in junction be d e la yed u n til at le a s t N o v em b er 2 to p er m it the s te e lw o r k e r s to a sk for a rev iew by the Sup rem e Court. The union co u n se l announced that he w ould not f i le a p e titio n for c e r t io r a r i— a fo rm a l d ev ice to obtain rev iew ----un til N o vem b er 2.

O ctob er 28 The J u s t ic e D ep artm en t p e titio n ed the S u p rem e Court to ex p ed ite co n s id era tio n of the u n io n 's p e tit io n , w ith a p ro p o sed filin g d ead lin e by noon, O ctob er 29. Should the C ourt d ec id e to rev iew the T hird C ir cu it's d e c is io n on F r id a y , O ctob er 30, a h earin g could be s e t for M onday, N o v em b er 2. L a ter in the day, the Sup rem e Court den ied the G o v ern m en t m otio n , thus upholding the T hird C ircu it C ourt of A p p ea ls ' ruling giv in g the s te e lw o r k e r s until N ov em b er 2 to s e e k a S u p rem e Court rev iew .M r. F in n egan sen t both p a r tie s a te le g r a m in form in g them that if th ey had not reach ed an a g r eem e n t by m id n igh t Sunday, N ov em b er 1, they would be ex p ected to attend a s e s s io n w ith m ed ia to rs in W ashington on M onday, N o v em b er 2.M r. M cD onald in d ica ted that the union regard ed the K a ise r a g r eem e n t as p rov id in g the groundw ork for co n tra cts to be a g r eed upon by o th er co m p a n ie s . Industry le a d e r s d e c la r e d the p a ct w ould fo r c e an in fla tio n ary r is e in s te e l p r ic e s and fa il to e lim in a te w a ste fu l w ork p r a c t ic e s .

O ctob er 30

N o v em b er 1

F o llow in g the filin g of the u n io n 's p e titio n for c e r t io r a r i and the G ove r n m e n t1 s r e sp o n se ask in g the C ourt to deny re v iew , the U nited S ta tes S u p rem e Court gran ted the s te e lw o rk er s ' r e q u est and a s s ig n e d o ra l arg u m en ts for T u esd ay , N o vem b er 3.S econ d ary la y o ffs ca.used by s te e l sh o r ta g e s jum ped sh a rp ly during the la s t h a lf of O ctob er , the D ep artm en t of L abor rep o rted . M ore than 1 3 2 ,0 0 0 w o rk er s w e re in d ir e c t ly in vo lved in 31 m a jo r s te e l p roducing and con su m in g a r e a s .

N ovem be r 7---------------- B y an 8 to 1 m a jo r ity , the S u p rem e Court upheld the co n stitu tio n a lityof the T a ft-H a r tley em e rg en cy p ro ced u re (S ec . 208) and it s a p p lica b ility to the s te e l s tr ik e . The Court did not r e so lv e the d isp u te o v e r the m ean in g of the term "national h ea lth , " but su p p orted it s ju d gm en t on the ground that the s tr ik e im p e r ile d the n ation a l sa fe ty . J u s t ic e D o u g las , d is se n tin g , did not d ea l with the co n stitu tio n a l q u estio n s but d isp u ted the co n cep ts of h ea lth and sa fe ty and em p h a sized the tr a d ition a l f le x ib ility of equ ity co u rts in re la tio n to the p a r tic u la r s itu a tio n

S ee footnote at end of ta b le .


3 4

17. B a s ic S te e l In dustry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L -C IO ) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

N o vem b er 7, 1959—C o n tin u ed ----------------- found in the s t e e l s tr ik e co n cern in g n a tion a l sa fe ty . He fu rth er sta ted

that he w ould rem an d the c a se to the D is tr ic t C ourt fo r " p a r ticu la r iz e d fin d in gs" as to how the s tr ik e im p e r ils the "national h ea lth " and w hat p lan ts n eed be reop en ed to p ro d u ce the s te e l n eed ed fo r " nationa l s a fe ty . "T e le g r a m s w e r e d isp a tch ed im m e d ia te ly by the union d ire c tin g it s m e m b e r s to " resu m e w ork forth w ith . " S tep s w e r e tak en to g e t the m il ls p rod u cin g as q u ick ly a s p o s s ib le .

N o v em b er 8 __________ S e c r e ta r y M itch e ll sa id P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r w ould re co m m en d to C o n g re ss w ays to p re v en t re su m p tio n of the s tr ik e if no a g r e e m e n t w as rea ch ed during the in junction p er io d .

N o v em b er 1 0 _________ P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r reco n v en ed the s t e e l B oa rd of Inquiry , h ea d ed by D r .’ T a y lo r , w h ich w a s to rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t on the e ffo r ts tow a rd se t t le m e n t , and on the e m p lo y e r s ' la s t o ffer if a s e t t le m e n t w a s not rea ch ed at the end of a 6 0 -d a y p er io d .

N o vem b er 1 2 --------------- T he s t e e lw o r k e r s ’ w a ge p o lic y co m m itte e v oted u n a n im o u sly to ren ew the 116 -d ay s tr ik e if a g r e e m e n t w as not rea ch ed b e fo r e the in ju n ction ex p ired on Jan u ary 26. T he p r o d u ce rs w e r e aga in u rg ed to fo llo w the K a is e r co n tr a c t as a p a ttern .

N o v em b er 1 5 _________ It w as announced by the s t e e l in d u stry that a new o ffer on a 3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t had b een m ade to the union . The union r e je c te d it a s b ein g su b sta n tia lly the sa m e as the one p r e v io u s ly o ffere d .

N o v em b er 2 8 --------------- L itt le ch an ce of reach in g a s e t t le m e n t b e fo r e the ex p ira tio n of the in ju n ction p er io d w as h eld out by the union in a le t t e r fro m M r. G old b erg to S e c r e ta r y of C o m m erce M u e ller . M r. G old berg a d v ise d th e D e p a r tm en t to a rra n g e fo r s te e l r e s e r v e s that m igh t be req u ired fo r G o v ern m en t c o n tr a c ts . O th er w ise , the le t te r s ta te d , the G ov ern m en t m ig h t h av e to contend w ith the sa m e p r o b le m s it fa ced during the s tr ik e .

D e cem b e r 1 __________ T he s t e e l in d u stry in d ica ted that the p r o p o sa l m ad e 2 w e ek s b e fo r e w as i t s " la st o ffer;" that i s , shou ld an e le c t io n b e co nducted the fo llo w in g m onth , th is w ould b e th e o ffer e m p lo y e e s m u st e ith e r a c c e p t or r e je c t by s e c r e t b a llo t to be con d u cted by the G ov ern m en t.

D e cem b e r 3 ---------------- P r e s id e n t E ise n h o w e r , in a p le a a d d r e s se d to both p a r t ie s , u rg ed a r o u n d -th e -c lo c k n eg o tia tio n s .M r. M cD onald had e a r l ie r su g g e ste d to the P r e s id e n t that the B oa rd of Inquiry m ak e re co m m en d a tio n s . A fter the P r e s id e n t 's s p e e c h , M r. M cD onald aga in o ffere d h is o r ig in a l su g g e s t io n fo r r e c o m m e n d ation s and an o th er ca llin g fo r a m ee tin g d ir e c t ly w ith top s t e e l e x e c u t iv e s .

D e cem b e r 8 __________ S e c r e ta r y M itch e ll su g g e ste d th ree p o s s ib le w a ys of se tt lin g the d i s pute: (1) The p a r t ie s cou ld a g r e e to a sk a board to m a k e r e c o m m en d atio n s; (2) they could ask M r. F in n egan to m ak e a r e c o m m e n dation; or (3) th ey cou ld se e k v o lu n ta ry a rb itra tio n .

D e cem b e r 9 __________ T he in d u stry r e je c te d S e c r e ta r y M itc h e l l 's s u g g e s t io n s fo r b reak in g the d ea d lock in b a rg a in in g by d e c la r in g that th ird p arty in terv en tio n w ould r e su lt in reco m m en d a tio n s that the union had r e fu se d to a c cep t or in a m o re c o s t ly s e t t le m e n t "which w ould c le a r ly b e in fla tio n a ry ."


35

l

D ecem b er

D ecem b er

D ecem b er

D ecem b er

D ecem b er

Jan uary 1,

Jan uary 4

7. B a s ic S te e l Industry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L —CIO) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry— C ontinued

10, 1959 __ M r. F inn egan su sp en d ed n eg o tia tio n s in d e fin ite ly , noting both the lack of p r o g r e ss m ade and that the union w as about to d evote it s a tten tion to a lum inu m n eg o tia tio n s . M ean w h ile , the union m ade th ree dem an d s upon s te e l co m p an ies: (1) A re tu rn to co m p a n y -b y -co m p a n y bargain in g; (2) an a g r eem e n t m aking any new se ttle m e n t r e tr o a c t iv e to co v e r the in junction period; and (3) an ack n ow led gem en t now that a c o s t - o f - l iv in g ad ju stm en t w ould be due Jan uary 1 under te r m s of the e x is t in g a g r e e m en ts and an a g r eem e n t fo put th e s e a d ju stm en ts into e ffec t b e fo r e C h r is tm a s . The union contended th at, under the in junction o r d e r , the e m p lo y e e s w e re w ork ing "under a l l t e r m s and co n d itio n s in e ffe c t on June 30, 195 9 ," and th is , to the un ion , "p lain ly e n c o m p a sse s the Jan uary c o s t - o f - l iv in g p ro v is io n w h ich r e q u ir e s a change to be m ad e ea ch Jan uary 1 and ea ch Ju ly 1, w ithout r e fe r e n c e to y e a r . . ." M r. C oop er, in re p ly , noted the p r e v io u s ly sta ted in d u stry o p p o sition to. r e tr o a c t iv ity a n d th e C o u rt's r e s e r v a t io n s on the q u e stio n s of c o s t - o f- l iv in g and r e tr o a c t iv ity .

1 7 _________ M r. M cD onald put for°th p ro p o sa ls that w e re to be p re se n ted to theB oard of Inquiry on the 28th. He sta ted that the new d em ands w ould be " slig h tly h igh er" in c o st to the in d u stry than the K a iser a g r eem e n t.

22 The 11 m ajor s te e l co m p a n ies a g r e e d , w ith r e s e r v a t io n s , to union dem an d s for co m p a n y -b y -co m p a n y s e s s io n s . T a lk s b etw een the fo u r - m an te a m s a s sch ed u led by F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s w e re to be c a r r ie d on s im u lta n eo u s ly .S in ce July 15 the F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s had con d u cted 47 jo in t m e e tin g s w ith the p a r tie s and so m e 30 f u l l - s c a le sep a r a te ta lk s w ith the p a r t ie s .

2 3 _________ Stuart R othm an, G en era l C o u n se l of the N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n sB oard , e s t im a te d that 6 0 0 ,0 0 0 w o rk er s w ould be e lig ib le to v o te on m a n a g em en t's " last o f fe r ," se t for Jan uary 11 to 13. The s t e e l w o r k e r s ' c o u n se l sa id he would a sk D is tr ic t Judge Sorg to h ea r the s te e lw o r k e r s ' p lea to ord er the s te e l co m p a n ies to pay w o rk er s a 4 -c e n t c o s t - o f - l iv in g in c r e a s e (under te r m s of p rev io u s a g r eem e n ts) s ta rtin g in Jan u ary , and to m ak e any new co n tract a g r eem e n t r e tr o a c tiv e to N o vem b er 2. On the fo llo w in g day, the s te e lw o r k e r s f iled th e ir p etitio n and a h ea r in g b e fo r e Judge Sorg w as sch ed u led for January 4.

28 ________ The B oard of Inquiry reco n v en ed to c a r r y out it s r e s p o n s ib i l i t ie s underthe act w h ich in clu d e a rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t on the cu rren t p o s it io n s of the p a r t ie s , the e ffo r ts w h ich had b een m ad e for se t t le m e n t , and the e m p lo y e r s ' la s t o f fe r s . F o llo w in g 2 days of public h e a r in g s , D r. T ay lor sta ted that the d if fe r e n c e s b etw een the union and in d u stry w e re w id er than e v e r . The B oard se t about to d ev ote it s rem ain in g t im e tow ard co m p le tio n of it s r e p o r t, due Jan uary 6.

I960 S e c r e ta r y of L abor M itch e ll m et s e p a r a te ly w ith in d u stry and union sp o k esm en . V ice P r e s id e n t N ixon and S e c r e ta r y M itc h e ll, it w as re p o r ted , had b een conducting a s e r ie s of s e c r e t co n fe r e n c e s a im ed at rea ch in g a vo lu n tary se ttle m en t b e fo re the NLRB b a llo tin g on Jan uary 11 to 13.A g reem en t b etw een the 11 co m p a n ies and the union w as rea ch ed f o l low ing a ll-d a y and a ll-n ig h t b argain in g s e s s io n s .


36

17. B a s ic S te e l Industry D isp u te , 1959— U n ited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L -C IO ) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

Jan u ary 5, I960 M em oran d a of a g r eem e n t w e re s ig n ed b etw een the m a jo r s t e e l p r o d u c e r s and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s fo llo w in g ap p rov a l by the union w age p o lic y c o m m itte e . T e r m s of the a g r e e m e n ts inclu d ed : A w a ge in c r e a s e , d e fe r r e d u n til D e cem b e r 1, I9 6 0 , to a v e r a g e 9 .4 c e n ts an hour in clu d in g e s t im a te d e ffec t on in ce n tiv e pay (a v e r a g e 8. 3 c e n ts in h ou r ly r a te s — 7 ce n ts g e n e r a l in c r e a s e p lu s 0 .2 -cen t in c r e a s e in in c r e m en ts b etw een 31 job c la s s e s , w ith top job c la s s r e c e iv in g 13 ce n ts); e f fe c t iv e O ctob er 1, 1961, ad d itio n a l a v e r a g e 8 .6 c e n ts in clu d in g e s t i m a ted e f fe c t on in ce n tiv e pay (a v er a g e 7. 6 c e n ts in c r e a s e in h o u r ly r a te s — 7 c e n ts g e n e r a l in c r e a s e plu#s 0. 1 -ce n t in c r e a s e in in c r e m e n ts b etw een job c l a s s e s , w ith top c la s s r e c e iv in g 10 ce n ts); e s c a la to r c la u se r e v is e d to re ta in cu rren t 17 ce n ts c o s t - o f - l iv in g a llo w a n c e , p ro v id e two c o s t - o f - l iv in g r e v ie w s and lim it m a x im u m a d d ition a l a d ju stm en t to 6 ce n ts e f fe c t iv e O ctob er 1, 1961, of w h ich m a x im u m3 c e n ts c o s t - o f - l iv in g ad ju stm en t e f fe c t iv e D e cem b e r 1, I9 6 0 , to bered u ced by 0. 1 cen t for ea ch fu ll 18 c e n ts in c r e a s e in in su r a n c e c o s t o v e r b a se a v e ra g e m on th ly net in su ra n ce c o s t of $ 2 0 . 16 p er e m p lo y e e .A ls o , m in im u m $ 2. 50- a-m onth p en sio n fo r ea ch y e a r 's s e r v ic e p r io r to Jan uary 1, I9 60 , and $ 2 .6 0 a m onth fo f ea ch y e a r th e r e a fte rfo r a m ax im u m of 35 y e a r s (w as $ 2 .4 0 a m onth for s e r v ic e p r io r to N o v em b er 1, 1957, and $ 2 .5 0 a m onth th e r e a fte r fo r m a x im u m of30 y e a r s ) or ad d ition a l $5 a m onth for fu tu re r e t ir e e s w hen ap p ly in g a lte r n a te 1-p ercen t fo rm u la in com p utin g p en sio n b en e fits ; 13 w e e k s 1 v a ca tio n pay ( le s s v a c a tio n pay during y e a r ) in lum p sum on r e t i r e m en t w ith re g u la r p en sio n beg in n in g fou rth m onth; e a r ly r e t ir e m e n t (by m u tu al a g r eem e n t) at fu ll b en efit at age 60 a fter 15 y e a r s 1 s e r v ic e (w as at red u ced b e n e f its ) , or at age 55 a fter 20 y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e if term in a te d by re a so n of p erm an en t shutdow n, la y o ff , or s ic k n e s s r e su ltin g in b rea k in s e r v ic e p rov id ed em p lo y ee h a s a tta in ed age 53 and 18 y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e on date he c e a s e s work; $ 1 0 0 a m onth fu tu re m in im um d isa b ility b en efit (w as $90); co m p a n ies a ls o in c r e a s e d e x is t in g p en sio n s by $ 5 a m onth .A ls o , co m p a n ie s to a s su m e fu ll c o s t of in su ra n ce p ro g ra m (w as 5 0 -5 0 con trib u tion ) and p ro gra m im p ro v em en t to p ro v id e: $ 4 ,0 0 0 to$ 6 ,5 0 0 life in su ra n ce (w as $ 3 ,5 0 0 to $ 6 ,0 0 0 at m o s t c o m p a n ie s ) , l i f e in su ra n ce re ta in ed during f ir s t 2 y e a r s of la y o ff w ith em p lo y ee paying 60 c e n ts p er $ 1 ,0 0 0 a fter f ir s t 6 m on th s; $ 5 3 to $6 8 w eek ly s ic k and a cc id en t b en efit (w as $ 4 2 to $ 5 7 at m o s t c o m p a n ie s ) , and 6 -m on th re te n tio n of h o sp ita l, s u r g ic a l , and r e la te d c o v e r a g e s fo r la id -o f f e m p lo y e e s w ith 2 y e a r s ’ s e r v ic e ; h ig h er e x is t in g b e n e fits c o n tin u ed fo r e m p lo y e e s a lrea d y on p a y ro ll at A lleg h en y L ud lu m , A r m c o , Inland, and W h eelin g , and e x is t in g h o sp ita l and s u r g ic a l p ro g ra m at Inland con tin u ed fo r a ll e m p lo y ees ; p re v io u s su p p lem en ta l u n e m p lo y m en t b e n e fits p lan ex ten d ed w ith co m p a n ie s paying 3 c e n ts c a sh and 2 c e n ts con tin gen t lia b ility (the con tin gen t l ia b ility w h ich had b een c a n c e le d in a c co rd a n ce w ith p r io r a g r eem e n t w a s r e s to r e d ) .A ls o , ag en cy shop w a s p rov id ed w h ere S tate la w s banned the union shop.A jo in t H um an R e la tio n s R e se a r c h C o m m ittee w a s e s ta b lis h e d to study and reco m m en d so lu tio n s of m u tu al p ro b lem s r e la tin g to eq u ita b le w age and b en efit a d ju stm en ts , job c la s s i f ic a t io n , in ce n tiv e pay , p r o te c t io n of lo n g -s e r v ic e e m p lo y e e s a g a in st la y o ffs , m e d ic a l c a r e , and oth er p r o b le m s . Q u estio n s of lo c a l w ork ing co n d itio n s w e re to be r e fe r r e d to a jo in t study co m m itte e h ead ed by a n eu tra l ch a irm a n , w h ich w as to rep o rt by N o v em b er 30, I960 .


3 7

17. B a s ic S tee l In d u stry D isp u te , 1959— U nited S te e lw o r k e r s of A m e r ic a (A F L -C IO ) v . b a s ic s te e l in d u stry — C ontinued

Jan uary 7, I 9 6 0 ______ The B oard of Inquiry fo rm a lly ended it s d u ties w ith su b m iss io n of its fin a l rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t . T he re p o rt d e sc r ib e d both p a r t ie s ' p o s it io n s ju st b e fo re se t t le m e n t and the " la st o ffers" o f the p ro d u cers at that t im e .

Jan uary 8 _____________ A lleg h en y L udlum w as the f ir s t of the 11 m ajor p ro d u cers to s ign a fo rm a l co n tr a c t w ith the s te e lw o r k e r s union . Inland, B eth leh em , Jon es and L au gh lin , Y oungstow n S h eet and T ube, C o lorad o F u el and Iron , and U n ited S ta tes S tee l a ls o s ig n ed . O th ers w e re ex p ected to fo llo w .

Jan uary 20 ___________ P o llin g of so m e 14,000 s te e lw o r k e r s w as conducted by the N L R B on the fin a l co n tr a c t o f fe r s of 7 s te e l co m p a n ies w hich had not as y e t s ig n ed the b a s ic in d u stry a g r e e m e n t. E a r lie r , a group of 31 iro n o r e m in ing co n cer n s s e t t le d th e ir d if fe r e n c e s w ith the union. A p p ro x im a te ly 1 1 ,0 0 0 o th er s te e lw o r k e r s faced the p o s s ib il i ty of re su m in g the s tr ik e when the in ju n ction ex p ired . T hey did not v o te b ec a u se the co m p an ies had w ithdraw n th e ir " la st o ffe r , " a ccord in g to the un ion , thus lea v in g no b a s is for b a llo tin g . The s te e lw o r k e r s a sk ed the U. S. D is tr ic t Court to d is s o lv e the in junction and to o r d er p aym en t of a 4 -c e n t c o s t - o f - l iv in g in c r e a s e r e tr o a c t iv e to Jan u ary 1. A ls o , the union sought r e tr o a c t iv ity of any w age in c r e a s e s won to co v er the p er io d of the in ju n ction . Judge Sorg d en ied the m otion to d is s o lv e the in junction w h ile r e se r v in g d e c is io n on the o th er r e q u e s ts .

Jan uary 24 ___________ P ittsb u rg h S tee l C o ., the la s t u n sign ed m a jo r p ro d u cer , a g r e e d to an in d efin ite co n tra c t ex te n s io n , c a n ce la b le by e ith er s id e on 5 d ays' n o tic e . T h ree sm a ll co m p a n ies s t i l l rem a in ed u n sign ed .

The N L R B announced that its p o ll of w o rk ers em p lo yed by four c o m p an ies (P ittsb u rg h S te e l, J o sep h T. R y erso n and S on s, M oltrop S tee l P r o d u c ts , and A cm e S tee l) vo ted by a 2 to 1 m a rg in to r e je c t m an a g e m en t's " la st o f fe r ."

Jan uary 26 Judge Sorg d is so lv e d the T a ft-H a r tley in ju n ction , thus m aking it p o s s ib le for th o se w o rk er s s t i l l w orking w ithout co n tr a cts to ren ew the s tr ik e . Judge S o r g 's c o s t - o f - l iv in g d e c is io n sp e c if ie d that w o rk ers s t i l l w ithout co n tr a c ts would be en titled to the 4 -c e n t in cr em en t for w ork p er fo rm ed under the in junction " u n less new a g r eem e n ts a r e e n tered into p rovid in g o th e r w ise . "

Jan uary 27 ___________ The union d ec id ed not to s tr ik e , for the t im e bein g, any of the m il ls and w a r e h o u se s s t i l l u n sign ed .

January 28 ___________ P ittsb u rg h S tee l Co. and the union rea ch ed an a g r e e m e n t, a ffectin g so m e 7, 300 w o rk ers in 6 p la n ts . In cen tiv e pay ra te s w e re the co n ten tiou s is su e ; h o w ev er , th is w as to be r e so lv e d by a jo in t in cen tiv e study co m m itte e w h ich m u st hand down a d e c is io n by Ju ly 15. If the c o m m itte e 's rep o rt is r e je c te d , the union m ay c a ll a s tr ik e upon 5 d ay s' n o t ic e . The r e s t of the s e tt le m e n t w as su b sta n tia lly the sa m e a s that b etw een the union and the oth er m ajor p r o d u c e r s .

1 U nited States S teel Corp. , Bethlehem Steel Corp. , Republic Steel Corp. , Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. , Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co., Inland S teel Co. , Armco Steel Corp. , Great Lakes S teel Corp. , Kaiser Steel Corp. , Colorado Fuel and Iron Corp. , W heeling Steel Corp. , and A llegheny Ludlum S teel Corp.


3 8

F o o tn o te s— C ontinued The so -c a lle d section 2-B clauses in the U. S. S teel agreem ent, also found in other, but not a ll, major s tee l agreem ents,

and w hich figured prom inently in later discussions o f "local practices" read as follows:Local Working Conditions* The term " local working conditions" as used herein means sp ec ific practices or customs w hich re

f lec t d eta iled application o f the subject m atter w ithin the scope o f w ages, hours o f work, or other conditions o f em ploym ent and in cluded lo ca l agreem ents, w ritten or oral, on such matters. It is recognized that it is im practicable to set forth in this agreem ent a ll o f these working conditions, w hich are o f a lo ca l nature only , or to state sp ec ifica lly in this agreem ent w hich o f these matters should be changed or e lim inated . The follow ing provisions provide general principles and procedures w hich explain the status o f these matters and furnish necessary guideposts for the parties hereto and the Board /o f A rbitration/.

1. It is recognized that an em p loyee does not have the right to have a lo ca l working condition established, in any g ivensituation or plant where such condition has not existed , during the term o f this agreem ent or to have an existing lo ca l working condition changed or e lim in ated , excep t to the extent necessary to require the application o f a sp ec ific provision o f this agreem ent.

2. In no case shall lo ca l working conditions be e ffectiv e to deprive any em p loyee o f rights under this agreem ent. Should any em p loyee b e lieve that a lo ca l working condition is depriving him o f the benefits o f this agreem ent, he shall have recourse to the grievance procedure and arbitration, i f necessary, to require that the lo ca l working condition be changed or e lim in ated to provide the benefits established by this agreem ent.

3. Should there be any lo ca l working conditions in e ffect w hich provide benefits that are in excess o f or in addition to the benefits established by this agreem ent, they shall rem ain in e ffect for the term o f this agreem ent, except as they are changed or elim inated by m utual agreem ent or in accordance w ith paragraph 4 below .

4. The com pany shall have the right to change or e lim in ate any loca l working condition if , as the result o f action taken by m anagem ent under Section 3— M anagem ent, the basis for the existence o f the lo ca l working condition is changed or e lim in ated , thereby m aking it unnecessary to continue such lo ca l working condition; provided, how ever, that w hen such a change or elim in ation is m ade by the com pany any a ffected em p loyee shall have recourse to the grievance procedure and arbitration, i f necessary to have the com pany justify its action.

5. No lo ca l working condition shall hereafter be established or agreed to w hich changes or m odifies any o f the provisions o f this agreem ent. In the event such a lo ca l working condition is established or agreed to , it shall not be enforceable to the ex tent that it is inconsistent w ith or goes beyond the provisions o f this agreem ent, except as it is approved by an international o fficer o f the union and the industrial relations execu tive o f the com pany.

8 Background Statistics Bearing on the S teel D ispute, U nited States Departm ent o f Labor, August 1959.4 Contract proposals w ere handed to the union on October 1 and were restated and c larified on October 3.5 Executive Order 10843.6 Report to the President, The 1959 Labor Dispute in the Steel Industry, subm itted by the Board o f Inquiry under E xecutive

Order 1C843 and 10848, Oct. 19, 1959.7 T itle II, S ection 208. The Government and union agreed to proceed directly to the injunction question w hich, i f granted,

w ould be final for the entire 80-day period, w ith an im m ed iate full hearing for the union. Customarily, the Governm ent asks for a temporary restraining order ( lim ited to 10 days) in w hich only its arguments need be heard.

8 See Monthly Labor R eview , D ecem ber 1959, pp. 1345 and 1378.


3 9

18. M a r itim e Industry D isp u te , A tlan tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , 1961— M aritim e union s 1 v . c e r ta in sh ip ow n ers and o p e ra to rs in the U nited S ta tes

fo re ig n and d o m e stic trad e

June 16, 1961 Work stop p age of m a r it im e w o rk er s b eg an in A tlan tic , P a c if ic , and G ulf p orts a fter the m a r it im e un ion s and the sh ip o w n ers and o p e ra to rs fa iled to a g r e e on the un ion s' dem and that th e ir co n tr a c ts be ex ten d ed to c o v e r w orkers, on sh ip s ow ned and o p era ted by U nited S ta tes in t e r e s t s but fly in g fo re ig n f la g s . O ther d em an d s v a r ied am ong the u nion s and re la ted to in eq u itie s b etw een lic e n s e d and u n lic en sed p e r so n n e l w ith reg a rd to v a c a tio n s , tr a v e l, and lod g in g a llo w a n ce s , and w ork r u le s .

June 17

June 23

June 24

June 26

S e c r e ta r y of L abor A rthur J . G old berg , who upon re q u est of the P r e s id e n t had b een d ire c tin g m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts in N ew Y ork s in c e June 15, ask ed a ll p a r tie s in the d isp u te to re su m e d ir e c t n eg o tia tio n s . S e r ie s of jo in t m e e tin g s conducted by the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C onc il ia t io n S e r v ic e ended w ith no p r o g r e s s rep orted .S e c r e ta r y G old berg recom m en d ed to a ll p a r tie s that they su b m it th e ir u n r eso lv ed i s s u e s to an im p a r tia l p u b lic group fo r a p er io d of 60 d ays for study and recom m en d atio n and su b seq u en t n eg o tia tio n s ,and that m ean w h ile they re su m e o p e ra tio n s . Ship o p e ra to rs a g r eed to th is p ro p o sa l; the un ion s re je c te d it .P r e s id e n t K ennedy ord ered an in v e st ig a t io n in to the im p act of the s tr ik e on the N a tio n 1 s h ea lth , econ o m y , and sa fe ty , p rep a ra to ry to h is d e c is io n on w h eth er to in vo k e the em e rg en cy p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a rtley A ct. The S e c r e ta r y of L abor a sc e r ta in e d that the s to p p age of sh ipp ing w as a ffectin g a su b sta n tia l p o r tio n of trad e , c o m m e r c e , and tra n sp o rta tio n , and that it would im p e r il the n ation a l h ea lth and sa fe ty if the stoppage w e re p er m itted to contin ue.B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: D avid L.C ole of P a te r so n , N. J. , la w y er and fo r m e r d ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , ch a irm an ; S am u el I. R osen m an , la w y er of N ew Y ork C ity and fo r m e r N ew Y ork State Su p rem e C ourt J u s t ic e ; and J a m e s J. H ealy , P r o fe s s o r of In d u str ia l R e la tio n s , G rad uate S ch oo l of B u s in e ss A d m in istra tio n , H arvard U n iv ers ity . In ad d ition to the d u ties of the B oard as req u ired by the sta tu te , the. P r e s id e n t req u ested that the B oard d ir e c t i t s im m ed ia te a tten tion to ach iev in g a s e tt le m e n t. He in s tru c ted the B oard to rep o rt to h im on or b e fo r e June 30.

June 27 The B oard m et in N ew Y ork in p u b lic s e s s io n b r ie fly , then m et p r iv a te ly w ith sh ip ow n ers and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s to d e ter m in e w h eth er the B oard cou ld a rra n g e p rom p t re su m p tio n of the d ea d lock ed n eg o tia tio n s . The M arine E n g in eers ' B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n and th e In tern ation a l O rgan iza tio n of M a ste r s , M ates and P ilo t s , through th e ir a tto rn e y s , told the B oard that th e ir m e m b e r s w e re ex clu d ed fro m the p r o v is io n s of the T aft-H artley A ct b e c a u se of th e ir su p e r v iso r y s ta tu s .

June 28 M eetin g s contin ued , in clu d in g both fo rm a l h ea r in g s and in fo rm a l in q u ir ie s into the fa c ts and i s s u e s under B oard o f Inquiry—F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e a u s p ic e s . T h ese m e e tin g s at t im e s in clu d ed both em p lo y ers and u n ion s; at o th er t im e s they w ere held se p a r a te ly w ith d iffere n t union and m a n a gem en t g rou p s.

June 29 P r e s id e n t K ennedy postp on ed u n til 9 a. m . , Ju ly the B oard to rep o rt the fa c ts of the d isp u te to h im .

3, the d ea d lin e for

S ee footn ote at end o f tab le .


4 0

18. M a r itim e Industry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and Gulf C o a sts , 1961— M a ritim e u n io n s 1 v . c e r ta in sh ip o w n ers and o p e ra to rs in the U nited S ta te s

fo r e ig n and d o m e stic tra d e— C ontinued

J u ly 1, 1 9 6 1__________ At a jo in t co n fe ren c e attended by the D ir e c to r of th e F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e and a m em b e r of the B o ard of Inquiry , the M arin e E n g in ee rs ' B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n rea ch e d a g r eem e n t w ith the P a c if ic M a r itim e A sso c ia t io n w h ich la id the groundw ork fo r m o v e m en t of 150 sh ip s .

Ju ly 2 _ __ __ _____ The B oard su b m itted tw o r e p o r ts to the P r e s id e n t . The m a in re p o rt ou tlin ed the d isp u te s and in d ica ted that although th e r e had b een a g r eem e n t b e tw een som e of the p a r t ie s , fu ll a c c o r d had not b een rea ch ed and the s tr ik e w a s con tin u in g . The su p p lem en ta l rep o rt ou tlin ed the m ed ia tio n w o rk the Board had u n d ertak en at the P r e s id e n t's re q u est and rep o rted th e ir fin d in gs on the p r o p o sa ls m a d e fo r m in im iz in g th e e ffe c t of the s tr ik e on n ation a l h ea lth and sa fe ty .A g ree m e n ts w e r e s ig n ed by a group of Gulf C o ast sh ip o w n ers w ith two un ion s— M a s te r s , M ates and P i lo t s and th e A m e r ic a n R adio A ss o c ia t io n .The P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d the A tto rn ey G en era l to p e tit io n the U .S. D is tr ic t C ourt for the S outhern D is tr ic t of N ew Y ork for an in ju n ction . Judge S y lv e s te r J. Ryan is s u e d a tem p o r a ry 5 -d a y r e s tr a in in g o r d er . A tto rn ey s fo r the N a tio n a l M arin e E n g in eers ' B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n , S e a fa r e r s ' In tern a tio n a l Union, and th e In tern ation a l O rg a n iza tio n of M a ste r s , M ates and P i lo t s sought a s ta y of th e r e s tr a in in g o r d er u n til a h ea r in g of the ap p eal w h ich had b een f i le d by th e s e d efen d an ts fr o m that o r d er . Judge C lark of the U.S. C ir cu it C ourt of A p p ea ls d en ied the sta y .A g ree m e n t rea ch e d b etw een N atio n a l M a r itim e Union and th e A m e r ica n M erch an t M arin e In stitu te a fter a s e r ie s of c o n fe r e n c e s h e ld under jo in t a u s p ic e s of th e B oard of Inquiry and F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e .S a ilin g s of A m e r ica n sh ip s in p o r ts on th r e e c o a s ts w e r e n e a r ly n o rm a l. M ore than h a lf of the 9 5 0 - sh ip U nited S ta te s fla g f le e t w e re ab le to s a i l under a g r e e m e n ts rea ch ed w ith u n ion s or under c o n tr a c ts w ith o th er u n ion s not in v o lv ed in the s tr ik e .

Ju ly 7 H earin g w a s h e ld on the G o v ern m en t's m otio n fo r a p r e lim in a r y in ju n ction and the tem p o r a ry r e s tr a in in g o rd er w a s ex ten d ed u n til Ju ly 12.

Ju ly 10 Judge Ryan ex ten d ed the te m p o r a r y r e str a in in g o r d er to an 8 0 - day in ju n ction under the e m e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct p rev en tin g any ren ew a l of the w alkout u n til S ep tem b er 21. He d ir e c te d the u n ion s and the s ix com p an y g rou p s to con tin u e c o lle c t iv e b arg a in in g in an e ffo r t to s e t t le th e ir d if fe r e n c e s b e fo r e ex p ira tio n of the in ju n ction . Judge Ryan d is m is s e d the argu m en t o ffere d by the M a s te r s , M ates and P i lo t s and the M arin e E n g in eers ' B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n that th ey w e r e beyond the p u rv iew of the act b e c a u se th e ir m e m b e r s w e re s u p e r v iso r y p e r so n n e l ra th er than e m p lo y e e s .A g ree m e n t w a s rea ch ed b etw een the A m e r ica n R adio A s s o c ia t io n and E a st C oast d r y -c a r g o co m p a n ies a fter m any m e e tin g s b e tw een the p a r t ie s , p a r tic ip a ted in by m e m b e r s of the B oard of Inquiry and the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e .



41

18. M a ritim e Industry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and G ulf C o a s ts , 196 1— M aritim e unions 1 v . c e r ta in sh ip ow n ers and o p e r a to r s in the U nited S ta tes

fo re ig n and d o m e stic tra d e’— C ontinued

A ugust 17, 1961 -------- The U .S . C ourt of A p p eals h eld h ea r in g s on the union p etitio n to d is m is s the in ju n ction .

A u gust 22 ------------------ The P r e s id e n t reco n v en ed the B oard o f Inquiry and m e e tin g s w ere h eld in New Y ork. W orking w ith the B oa rd , F e d e r a l m ed ia to rs r e su m ed m e e tin g s w ith m aritipne grou p s in an e ffo rt to brin g about an a g r eem e n t. The U .S . C ourt of A p p ea ls upheld a U .S . D is t r ic t cou rt in ju n ction of Ju ly 10 a g a in st ren ew a l of the m a r it im e s tr ik e b e fo re S ep tem b er 21.

A ugust 24 ------------------ The th rea t of a ren ew a l of the s tr ik e v ir tu a lly d isa p p ea red as the M arin e E n g in ee rs B e n e f ic ia l A s s o c ia t io n announced a g r eem e n ts co m p le ted w ith A tlan tic and Gulf d r y -c a r g o and tanker co m p a n ies .

/August 25 ------------------ T anker co m p a n ies .reached a g r eem e n t w ith the In tern ation a l O rg an iza tion of M a s te r s , M ates and P ilo t s on the E a st C o ast.The N a tio n a l L abor R e la tion s B oard m a iled la s t -o f f e r b a llo ts to m e m b e r s of m a r it im e u n ion s. B a llo ts w e re m a iled in ad vance to p o r ts w h ere the union m e m b e r s ' sh ip s w e re sch ed u led to put in .

S ep tem b er 1 --------------- F in a l rep o rt of the B oard of Inquiry su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . The B oard rep o rted that the fo llow in g d isp u te s rem ain ed in p r o g r e s s : The A lco a S tea m sh ip Co. and the S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Union; the P a c if ic M a ritim e A ss o c ia t io n and the In tern ation a l O rg a n iza tion of M a ste r s , M ates and P ilo tsr the P a c if ic M a ritim e A s s o c ia tio n and the A m e r ica n Radio A s s o c ia t io n . The rep ort in clu d ed the la s t o ffer m ad e by the co m p an ies to the unions that had not a g reed on a co n tra ct.

S ep tem b er 7 --------------- M a s te r s , M ates and P ilo ts in d icated r e je c t io n of the NLRB b a llo t ing due to e lig ib il i ty of v o ter s bein g lim ited to th o se em p loyed — a p p ro x im a te ly o n e -th ir d of the m em b e rsh ip . A m e r ica n Radio A s s o c ia t io n re fu sed to n eg o tia te w ith P a c if ic M a r itim e A sso c ia t io n pending ou tco m e of d isp u te w ith the M a s te r s , M ates and P i lo t s .

S ep tem b er 9 --------------- O ff ic e r s of W est C oast sh ip s w e re voting in v a r io u s w orld p o r ts on co n tra ct o ffe r s su b m itted by the P a c if ic M a ritim e A ss o c ia t io n to the In tern ation a l O rgan iza tio n of M a s te r s , M ates and P ilo ts and the A m e rica n Radio A ss o c ia t io n and by the A lcoa S team sh ip Co. to the S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Union.

S ep tem b er 1 6 ------------ B oard m em b er J a m es J. H ealy w as reta in ed as a s p e c ia l m ed ia to r to try to s e t t le the P a c if ic C oast m a r it im e d isp u tes p r io r to e x p ir a tion of the in ju n ction .A m e r ica n Radio A s s o c ia t io n reach ed a g r eem e n t w ith P a c if ic C oast sh ip o w n ers during co n fe r e n c e s h eld under jo in t a u sp ic e s of F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e and the B oard of Inquiry. The co n tra ct w as p ro m p tly ra tified by the m em b e rsh ip .

S ep tem b er 18 ------------ S e c r e ta r y G old berg announced the appointm ent of a c o m m ittee to stu d y the fo re ig n flag is s u e and m ak e re co m m en d a tio n s . M em b ers: Under S e c r e ta r y of L abor W. W illard W irtz , cha irm an ; Edward G udem an, Under S e c r e ta r y of C o m m erce; and D onald B. S tra u s , N ew Y ork , lab o r a r b itr a to r .



4 2

18. M a r itim e Industry D isp u te , A tla n tic , P a c if ic , and G ulf C o a sts , 1961— M a ritim e union s 1 v . c e r ta in sh ip o w n ers and o p e r a to r s in the U nited S ta tes

fo r e ig n and d o m e st ic tra d e— C ontinued

S ep tem b er 20, 1961 — M a ste r s , M ates and P ilo t s r e je c te d the " final o ffer" o f P a c if ic M a r itim e A s s o c ia t io n . N a tion a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard su sp en d ed ta b u la tio n o f th e v otin g b e c a u se of ap p aren t e r r o r in la s t o ffer su b m itted to M a ste r s , M ates and P ilo ts em p lo yed m e m b e r s .

S ep tem b er 2 1 ------------- The 8 0 -d ay in ju n ctio n ex p ired . A lco a S tea m sh ip Co. and the S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l U nion con clu d ed a 1 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t a few h ou rs b e fo r e the ex p ira tio n . F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s con tin u ed to take p a rt in n e g o t ia t io n s in the P a c if ic C o a st d isp u te in v o lv in g the M a ste r s , M ates and P i lo t s . 2

S ep tem b er 2 5 ------------- The in ju n ction w as d is s o lv e d by F e d e r a l Judge S y lv e s te r J. Ryan on m o tio n by the G ov ern m en t, e f fe c t iv e S ep tem b er 21.

Jan uary 25, 1 9 6 2 ____ The P r e s id e n t su b m itted a re p o r t on the d isp u te to C o n g r e ss . He co n clu d ed w ith the in fo rm a tio n that the in ju n ction had b ee n lif te d , e f fe c t iv e S ep tem b er 21, and that s e t t le m e n ts w e r e rea ch ed by a ll p a r tie s to the d isp u te .

National Maritime Union of America, Seafarers' International Union of North America, National Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association, International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots, American Radio Association, Radio Officers Union, and the Staff Officers Association of America.2 Strike involving this union and the member companies of the Pacific Maritime Association began at Pacific Coast ports September 28. This dispute was the only part of the national maritime strike which was not settled before the expiration of the injunction. By October 4, 28 ships were tied up. On October 5, the Secretary of Labor appointed a Board of Inquiry, composed of W. Willard Wirtz, Under Secretary of Labor; William E. Simkin, Director, Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service; and James J. Healy, member of the President's Board of Inquiry. Settlement was reached October 11, and the union voted to ratify the contract and return to work. Negotiations were to, continue on some issues.

19. M a r itim e In d u stry D isp u te , W est C o a st and H aw aii, 1962— S e a fa r e r s ' In tern a tio n a l U nion of N orth A m e r ic a (3 s u b d iv is io n s )1 v . sh ip o w n ers and o p e r a to r s re p r e se n te d by the P a c if ic M a r itim e A s s o c ia t io n

S ep tem b er 30, 1961 — C o n tract ex p ired . N eg o tia tio n s b ro k e dow n in F eb ru a ry 1962, a fter the p a r t ie s fa iled to re a ch a g r e e m e n t on w a g es , o v e r t im e , w e lfa r e b e n e fits , and v a c a tio n s .

F eb ru a ry 18, 1 9 6 2 ---- W ork sto p p age of W est C o a st m a r it im e w o r k e r s , th rea ten ed fo r F eb ru a ry 20, a v er ted a fter appoin tm en t o f a s p e c ia l m ed ia tio n p a n e l by W illiam E. S im k in , D ir e c to r o f the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C on c i l ia t io n S e r v ic e . M em b ers: R o b ert H. M oore , D eputy D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e ; J a m e s J. H ea ly , p r o fe s s o r o f in d u str ia l r e la t io n s , G raduate S ch o o l of B u s in e s s A d m in is tr a t io n , H arvard U n iv ers ity ; and C o m m iss io n e r G eorg e H illen b ran d , of the San F r a n c is c o o f f ic e o f the M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e .

F eb ru a ry 26---------------- The p an el m e t in San F r a n c isc o w ith sh ip o w n ers and n eg o tia tin g c o m m it te e s of the u n lic e n se d m a r it im e u n ion s, and con tin u ed m e e tin g s fo r a lm o s t 3 w e e k s , but w a s unab le to e f fe c t a s e t t le m e n t .

S ee footn ote at end o f tab le .


4 3

19.

M arch

M arch

M arch

M arch

M arch

M arch

A p ril 2

A p ril 3

A p ril 7

M aritim e Industry D isp u te , W est C o ast and H aw aii, 1962— S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Union of N orth A m e r ic a (3 s u b d iv is io n s )1 v . S h ip ow n ers and O p erators

r e p r e se n te d by the P a c if ic M a ritim e A s s o c ia t io n — C ontinued

16, 1962 Work sto p p a g es began; 22 sh ip s w e re im m ed ia te ly tied up, and o th ers w e re stru ck as they reach ed p ort. 2 About 5, 000 w o rk er s w e re d ir e c t ly id led at peak of s tr ik e .L o n g sh o rem en p led ged to support the s tr ik e by h onoring p ick et l in e s , but the P a c if ic M aritim e A s s o c ia t io n obtained a F e d e r a l co u rt o rd er p ro h ib itin g the s tr ik e r s from in te r fe r in g w ith the unloading of m ilita r y and p e r ish a b le ca rg o , baggage, and m a il from sh ip s .

17

19,

S trik in g sea m en w ithdrew p ick et l in e s from a ll San F r a n c isc o p ie r s in co m p lia n ce w ith cou rt o rd er .S tr ik e sp rea d to W est C o ast p o r ts fro m P u get Sound, to San D iego and H aw aii.

20 ------------------- S h ip ow n ers a ccep ted a F e d e r a l ju d g e 's p ro p o sa l for a rb itra tio n o f thed isp u te; the str ik in g unions r e je c te d the p ro p o sa l.

21 ------------------- S h ip ow n ers and the str ik in g unions a g reed to r e su m e n eg o tia tio n s w iththe a s s is ta n c e of a F e d e r a l m ed ia to r .

29------- ------------- G overn or W illiam T. Quinn of H aw aii f le w to San F r a n c isc o to s eekp e r m is s io n fo r the unloading of eig h t fr e ig h te r s tied up in H onolulu. He em p h a sized im m ed ia te a c tio n w as n e c e s s a r y .

S e c r e ta r y of L abor A rthur J. G old berg m et w ith com pany and union n eg o tia to rs in W ashington. Im m ed ia te ly a fter the m ee tin g , he appointed a th r e e -m a n pan el to p u rsu e fu rth er m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts . The p an el w as d ir e c te d to rep ort back to the S e c r e ta r y by noon, A p ril 7. P an el m e m b e r s : W. W illard W irtz, U nder S e c r e ta r y of L abor, ch a irm an ;R ob ert H. M oore, D eputy D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e ; and P r o fe s s o r J a m es J. H ealy .A fter m ee tin g w ith the p a r tie s on A p ril 5 and 6, the p an el rep o rted that no a cco rd could be rea ch ed .G overn or Quinn p ro c la im ed a s ta te of em e rg en cy in H aw aii, and sen t a ra d iogra m to P r e s id e n t K ennedy req u estin g im m ed ia te sh ipping r e lie f .

B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: P r o fe s s o rJ a m e s J. H ealy , ch a irm an ; F ran k J. Dugan, p r o fe s s o r , G eorgetow n U n iversity Law Sch ool; L aw ren ce E. Seibel, a r b itr a to r , Washington, D .C . The B oard w as in stru cted to rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t by A p ril 11.

T e le g r a m s to the p a r tie s in fo rm ed them that the B oard would m e e t in W ashington A p ril 9. The p a r tie s w ere in v ited to ap pear, and each w as req u ested to su b m it a w r itten s ta te m en t of its p o s it io n . Both p a r tie s su b m itted s ta te m en ts , but d eem ed a p e r so n a l ap p eara n ce u n n e c e s s a r y , s in c e the B oard ch a irm a n had sp en t m any d ays as a m em b e r of two s p e c ia l m ed ia tio n p a n e ls , and w as c o n s id e red to have k n ow led ge of the p a r tie s ' p o s it io n s and the fa c ts w ith r e sp e c t to the d isp u te .



44

19. M a r itim e In d u stry D isp u te , W est C oast and H aw aii, 1962— S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Union of N orth A m e r ic a (3 su b d iv is io n s) 1 v . S h ip ow n ers and O p era to rs

r e p r e s e n te d by the P a c if ic M a r itim e A sso c ia t io n — C ontinued

A p ril 11, 1962*._______ The B oard su b m itted it s re p o r t to the P r e s id e n t . The rep o rt in d ica ted that a g r eem e n t had b een rea ch ed on a few i s s u e s (m o s tly n on econ o m ic), but sta ted that a n um ber of w ork ru le ch a n g es and ec o n o m ic i s s u e s rem a in ed u n se ttled . The r e p o r t su m m a r iz ed the p o s it io n s of the p a r tie s on th e u n se ttled i s s u e s and sta ted that the u n d er ly in g i s s u e in d isp u te w a s the to ta l c o st of a p ack age se t t le m e n t . In c o n c lu s io n , the B oard re a ffir m e d the v ie w of the 1961 M a ritim e B oa rd of Inquiry— that one of the m o s t im p o rta n t o b s ta c le s to s e tt le m e n t w a s the m u lt ip lic ity of a g r e e m e n ts in the m a r it im e in d u stry .

The P r e s id e n t d ir e c te d th e A ttorn ey G en era l to p e titio n the U nited S ta tes D is tr ic t C ourt for the N o rth ern D is tr ic t of C a lifo rn ia for an in ju n ction .Judge G eorge B. H a r r is , F e d e r a l D is tr ic t ju d ge .in San F r a n c is c o , is s u e d a tem p o r a ry r e s tr a in in g o r d er , and se t A p r il 16 to h ea r a rg u m en ts on the m otion for p r e lim in a r y in ju n ction .

A p ril 17_______________ N e g o tia to rs m et at the re q u est of Judge H a r r is . A rth ur C. V ia t, R eg io n a l D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , rep o rted no p r o g r e s s w a s m ad e.

A p ril 18______ ________ Judge H a r r is ex ten d ed the tem p o r a ry r e s tr a in in g o rd er to an 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction , under the e m e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s of th e T a ft-H a r tle y A ct, p rev en tin g any ren ew a l of the s tr ik e u n til June 30.

9 ---------------------------------The S e c r e ta r y of L abor ap p ea led to th e sh ip o w n ers and u n ion s to s e t t le th e ir d isp u te .

June 1 The Board of Inquiry requested the p a r tie s to su b m it w r itten s ta te m en ts co n cern in g the e ffo r ts tow a rd se tt le m e n t and th e ir p r e se n t p o s it io n .

June 6 _________________ The P a c if ic M a r itim e A s s o c ia t io n a sk ed P r e s id e n t K ennedy to appoint a s p e c ia l p an el to study the i s s u e s and m ake a reco m m en d a tio n for se ttle m e n t.

J u n e 1 1 _ The B oard of Inquiry rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t . The v a r io u s so lu tio n s ex p lo red , and fo r m s of a r b itr a tio n s u g g e s te d , w e r e rep o rted . The rep o rt con clu d ed that the 6 0 -d a y p er io d had w itn e s s e d a su b sta n tia l narrowing of d if fe r e n c e s b etw een the p a r tie s ; that rem a in in g d ifferen ces did not ju s tify re su m p tio n of a s tr ik e ; and that a s e tt le m e n t should be a tta in ab le .

The N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard m a ile d b a llo ts to m e m b e r s of the th r e e str ik in g un ion s for a v o te on th e .P a c if ic M a r itim e A s s o c ia t io n 's f in a l o ffer . The votin g p er io d w a s to end June 26. M o rr is W e isb e r g e r , h ead n eg o tia to r fo r the un ion , u rg ed m e m b e r s not to v o t e .3

J u n e 12 __ _ P r e s id e n t K ennedy nam ed J a m e s J. H ealy as a s p e c ia l m ed ia to r to try to s e t t le th e d isp u te . P r o f e s s o r H ea ly announced he w ould h old "showdown" m e e tin g s , both sep a r a te and jo in t, un til e ith e r a s e t t l e m en t w a s rea ch ed or th e r e w a s a fin a l d ead lock .



4 5

19. M a ritim e In d u stry D isp u te , W est C oast and H aw aii, 1962— S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation al Union of N orth A m e r ic a (3 su b d iv is io n s) 1 v. S h ip o w n ers and O p era to rs

r e p r e se n te d by the P a c if ic M a ritim e A ss o c ia t io n — Continued

June 21, 1962 _________ C on tract a g reem en t r e a c h e d .4 R e p r e se n ta t iv e s of the sh ip ow n ersand u n ion s a g r eed to subm it the a g reem en t to th e ir r e sp e c t iv e m e m b e r sh ip s w ith reco m m en d a tio n s for ap p roval.J . P a u l St. S u re , P r e s id e n t of the P a c if ic M a r itim e A s s o c ia t io n , ca lled the 4 4 1/2 -m on th co n tra ct a "m ajor ach iev em en t" b ec a u se it m ean t that a l l m a r it im e co n tr a c ts on the W est C oast w ould h ave a com m on ex p ira tio n date— June 15, 1965.

Ju ly 2___ _______________ Court in ju n ction o f f ic ia lly d isch a r g ed .Ju ly 16 The S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Union n o tified the P a c if ic M aritim e

A s s o c ia t io n of o f f ic ia l ra tif ic a tio n of the co n tra ct by the S a ilo rs* Union of the P a c if ic , P a c if ic C oast M arine F ir e m e n , O ile r s , W a terten d ers , and W ip ers A sso c ia t io n , and the M arin e Cooks and S tew ard s' Union.

Three subdivisions of the Seafarers' International Union involved—Sailors' Union of the Pacific; Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders, and Wipers Association; and the Marine Cooks and Stewards Union.2 This was the third strike of maritime workers on the West Coast within 10 months—the first occurred in June 1961; the second occurred in late September 1961.Results of the National Labor Relations Board vote were not certified to the Attorney General, since a settlement was reached before the end of the voting period.4 The contract provided for a 2-percent increase in base, penalty, and overtime rates effective October 1, 1961; maximum of 7. 85-percent adjustment effective October 1963 for woik rule changes; 5 days' vacation (was 3) for each 30 days worked retroactive to October 1, 1961; $150-a-month maximum pension benefit (was $125), normal retirement at age 62 (was 65) and early retirement at age 57 (was 60) effective October 1, 1962; companies to pay $1.10 a day to welfare fund (was 80 cents) retroactive to October 1, 1961, with existing benefits guaranteed during agreement term; companies to pay 5 cents a day to work stabilization fund and 5 cents a day to industry fund effective October 1, 1962—money to be placed in escrow pending decision on use of funds.

NOTE: Following protests of the unions and the Pacific Maritime Association during the period of the injunction, Judge Harris modified the restraining order to (1) permit seamen to walk off ships in American ports at the expiration of the truce; (2) hold seamen in violation of the injunction if they refused to sign onto ships which would not complete voyage by June 29; and (3) provide for seamen to remain aboard ships until cargo is unloaded, even if they return to port after the truce expires and the strike resumes.In late April, the unions filed appeals in the Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, charging that these modified orders deprived the unions of the right to strike. The Circuit Court ruled that unions must sign on for trips of normal length throughout the 80-day

"cooling off' period, but left the unions free to walk off the ships as soon as the injunction ended. The U.S. Supreme Court refused to review the lower court's ruling and, in effect, upheld ruling of the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

20. R ep u b lic A v ia tio n C orp. , F a rm in g d a le , L ong Isla n d , N . Y . , 1962— v. In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n o f M a ch in ists (A F L —CIO )1

M arch 5, 1 9 6 2 ________ Com pany and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s m et in d ir e c t n eg o tia tio n s . T hey w e re jo in ed by F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s in m id -M a rch . The m a jo r i s s u e s in d isp u te r e la ted to job se c u r ity , s e n io r ity , and se v e r a n c e pay. D a ily m e e tin g s w e r e h eld under F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tion S e r v ic e a u sp ic e s through A p ril 1.

A p ril 1 T w o -y e a r co n tr a ct ex p ired . The union r e je c te d the co m p an y 's fin a l o ffer and voted to s tr ik e .A p ril 2 __ __ _ __ __ S trik e by m a c h in is ts began at 12:01 a .m ., id lin g about 8, 800 p rod u ction

w o rk er s; cra ft un ion s jo in ed the s tr ik e soon th e r e a fte r .A p ril 6 ________________ B etw een A p ril 6 and 30, com p any and union n eg o tia to rs h eld s e v e r a l

jo in t m e e tin g s under the a u s p ic e s of F e d e r a l m ed ia to rs .M ,y 7---------------------------- N e g o tia tio n s b rok e down and b arga in in g s e s s io n s w e r e r e c e s s e d subject

to c a ll.



4 6

20. R ep u b lic A v ia tion C orp . , F a r m in g d a le , Long Isla n d , N .Y . ,1 9 6 2 — v. In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (A F L -C IO )1— C ontinued

M ay 14, 1 9 6 2 _________ W illiam E. S im kin , D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , m et w ith both s id e s in W ashington . T en m e e tin g s w e re h eld b etw een M ay 14 and May 23.

M ay 22________________ The D e fe n se D ep artm en t announced that the 5 3 -d a y -o ld s tr ik e had s lo w ed d e l iv e r ie s of a ir c r a ft to a point w h ere the im p a c t would be fe lt by A ir F o r c e d e fe n se in s ta lla t io n s in E urope and the P a c if ic .

May 28 ...... ............... ............ S e c r e ta r y of L abor A rthur J. G old berg , A s s is ta n t S e c r e ta r y J a m e s J. R eyn old s, and r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e m et w ith both p a r t ie s . The D ir e c to r of FM CS contin u ed n eg o tia tio n s , on M ay 29. No a g r eem e n t w as rea ch ed and m e e tin g s w e re r e c e s s e d su b jec t to c a ll .

June 7 -------------------------- B oard of Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t. M em b ers: L loyd K. G a rr iso n , a tto rn ey , N ew Y ork C ity, ch a irm a n ; A rthur Stark and J a m e s C. H ill of N ew Y ork, both a r b itr a to r s .

June 1 1 ------------------------ The B oard of Inquiry held h ea r in g s June 11 and 12 in N ew Y ork C ity .June 1 4 _______________ The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that " after a ll the e ffo r ts at

s e t t le m e n t w h ich h ave b een m ad e by the G ov ern m en t, an im p a s s e r e m a in s . " The B oard a ls o rep o rted that th ere ap p eared to be no im m ed ia te p o s s ib il i ty o f the p a r tie s se tt lin g the d isp u te .

June 1 5 _______________ P r e s id e n t K ennedy o rd ered the J u s t ic e D ep artm en t to h a lt the s tr ik e by ob ta in in g an 8 0 -d ay in junction .F e d e r a l Judge W alter B ru ch h au sen of B ro o k ly n s ig n ed a r e s tr a in in g o r d er that d ir e c te d the s tr ik e r s to re tu rn to w ork M onday m o rn in g . Judge B ru ch h au sen s e t June 20 fo r a h ea r in g on the G o v ern m en t's p etit io n for a tem p o ra ry in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e .

June 1 8 _______________ S trik in g m a c h in is ts and cra ft un ion s co m p lied w ith the G ov ern m en t o r d er and retu rn ed to w ork.

June 20 ------------------------ Judge B ru ch h au sen is su e d an in ju n ction a g a in st the un ion s r e s tr a in in g them from str ik in g fo r 80 d a y s . The o r d er w as p red a ted to June 16, and p ro h ib ited a resu m p tion of the s tr ik e u n til S ep tem b er 4.

June 2 8 ------------------------ M ed iation e ffo r ts re su m e d and R ep u b lic announced se t t le m e n t w ith IBEW , L oca l 25 (a g reed upon June 27), m ark in g the f ir s t b rea k in the s tr ik e .

Ju ly 2 _________________ The R eg ion a l D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e in N ew Y ork su m m on ed n e g o tia to r s fo r both s id e s to a jo in t m ee tin g July 5, the f ir s t f a c e - t o - f a c e m e e tin g s in c e M ay 28.

July 19________________ The com p any announced 60 new c o n tr a c ts had b een ob ta in ed and that, in stea d of m a s s la y o ffs , it a c tu a lly would h ire m o r e m en .

A u gust 1---------------------- The D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e r e q u ested that n eg o tia tio n s be sh ifted to W ashington , a fter m e d ia to r s rep o rted that both s id e s w e re s t i l l d ea d lock ed . When the union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s w e re unable to co m e to W ashington , the D ir e c to r and o th er r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of FM CS contin ued n eg o tia tio n s in the N ew Y ork a r e a .

S ee footn ote at end o f ta b le .


47

20. R epublic A v ia tion C orp. , F a rm in g d a le , .Long Isla n d , N . Y . , 1962— v. In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M ach in ists (A F L —CIO )1— C ontinued

A ugust 12, 1 9 6 2 ___ __ IAM ra tif ied a new 3 -y e a r co n tra ct, 2 rea ch ed on A ugust 10. R epublic a lso announced it had rea ch ed se t t le m e n ts w ith the cra ft u n ion s.

A ugust 14______________ The B oard of Inquiry m ade its fin a l rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t. The rep ort in d ica ted that a ll p a r t ie s , ex cep t John G. Sharp (c o n c e s s io n a ir e ) , and H otel and R estau ran t W o rk ers, had reach ed a g reem en t.

A ugust 28______________ Addendum to B oa rd 's fin a l rep ort in d ica ted that a ll unions had rea ch ed a g reem en t.

S ep tem b er 7 Injunction d is so lv e d .

1 The International A sso c ia tio n o f M achin ists w as suppdrted by four craft unions— U n ite d Brotherhood o f Carpenters and Joiners, Internation al Brotherhood of E le c tr ic a l W orkers, In ternation al U n ion of O perating E ngineers, and U n ited A ssoc ia tion o f Journeym en and A pp ren tices o f the P lum bin g and P ipe F ittin g Industry— and by H ote l & Restaurant E m p loyees and Bartenders International U n ion in the p lant c a fe te r ia (John G. Sharp, operator). ^• 2 The IAM contract provided 6 V 2 _cen t w age in crease retroactive to June 15, 1962; ad d ition al average 7 S c e n t s e ffe c t iv e

A pril 1, 1963, and average 8 cen ts e ffe c t iv e A pril 6 , 1964; ad d itional 1 0 -ce n ts-a n -h o u r in eq u ity ad justm ent to certa in c la ssifica tion s; two new top labor grades e stab lish ed and upgrading procedure revised; current 6 -c e n t c o s t -o f - l iv in g a llo w an ce incorporated into base rates (in c lu d es 1 -c e n t ad justm ent under the new a greem en t— com p any had granted sim ilar increase to salary and nonunion hourly e m p lo y e e s e f fe c t iv e A pril 2 , 1962). Other b en efits e ffe c t iv e A pril 1, 1962: Im proved h o lid a y provisions; 3 w eeks' v a c a tio n after10 years (w as 12); ad d ition al 2 -c e n t -a n -h o u r c ost to com p any for im proved insurance, in clu d in g sem ip riv ate ho sp ita l room (w as $18); im proved surgical sch edu le and up to 31 days' coverage for la id -o f f em p loyees; estab lish m en t o f $ 50 lu m p -su m severan ce b e n ef it for e a ch year's serv ice (m a x im u m $500) fin an ced by in it ia l $1 m illio n com p any p a ym en t and 5 cen ts an hour thereafter; l im it on duration o f supplem entary ju ry-du ty pay e lim in a te d (w as 2 w eeks a year). Severa l other issues w ere agreed upon in clu d in g im proved sen iority a p p lica tion and a c la r if ic a tio n o f work out o f c la ss if ic a tio n .

21. Long sh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1962—63— Intern ation al L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A F L —CIO) v . sh ip p in g and

s te v ed o r in g com p an ies

June 13, 1 9 6 2 _________ The f ir s t b argain in g session b etw een union rep resen tatives and o ff ic ia ls of the N ew York Shipping A sso c ia t io n w as h e ld .1 * The union p re se n ted its p ro p o sa ls for con tract r e v is io n . M ajor ite m s co n cern ed w a g es and h ou rs of w ork.

Ju ly 1 6 ________________ The N ew York Shipping A sso c ia t io n p re se n ted i t s co u n terp r o p o sa ls , offer in g a w age in c r e a s e and p en sio n and w e lfa r e plan im p ro v em en ts , cqn ditioned on w o r k -r u le ch a n ges.

A u g u s t 23 __ _ W illia fn E. S im k in , D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e , appointed a sp e c ia l m ed ia tio n panel . to attem pt to r e so lv e the eco n o m ic i s s u e s for a ll E a st C oast p o r ts fro m M aine to V irg in ia . 2 P an el M em b ers; R obert H. M oore, Deputy D irector of FM CS, chairm an ; H erb ert S ch m ertz , G en era l C o u n sel, FM CS; T h om as G. D ougherty , and D an iel F . F itz p a tr ick , FMCS c o m m is s io n e r s fro m the New York reg io n a l o ff ic e . John Andrew B u rk e, M a ritim e C oord inator for the F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n cilia tio n S e r v ic e , a s s is t e d the panel. Josep h F . F in n egan , ch a irm an of the N ew York State D epartm ent of L abor, and H arold F e lix , New York C ity D ep artm en t of L abor, a lso appointed r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s to w ork w ith the m ed ia tio n panel.

S ep tem b er 4 Joint n eg o tia tio n s resu m ed under a u sp ice s of the F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e .

S ep tem b er 1 1_________ The union n o tified S e c r e ta r y of L abor W. W illard W irtz, G overnor H ughes of New J e r s e y , and G overnor R o c k e fe lle r of New York that n eg o tia tio n s w e re d ead lock ed and that a str ik e w as in p ro sp e c t.

See fo o tn o tes at end of tab le .


4 8

21. L on gsh or in g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1962—63— In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A FL -C IO ) v . sh ip p in g and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

S ep tem b er 12, 1 9 6 2 — B oth in d u stry and union o f f ic ia ls se n t t e le g r a m s to P r e s id e n t K ennedy a le r t in g h im to an im pen ding s tr ik e .

S ep tem b er 1 3 ------------- T alk to p a r tie s in N ew York by A s s is ta n t S e c r e ta r y o f L abor R ey n o ld s .S ep tem b er 2 0 ------------- V ote by ILA in N ew Y ork on em p lo y er o f fe r . R e je c ted .S ep tem b er 24

S ep tem b er 27—28.

O ctob er 1 -----------

The F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e p ro p o sed a 1 -y e a r co n tr a c t ex ten sio n , w ith no ch a n ges ex cep t w ith r e s p e c t to w a ge and fr in g e ite m s , pending a jo in t study of the d isp u ted m an p o w er u t il iz a t io n and job s e c u r ity i s s u e s . U nion re je c te d ; N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia tio n would a ccep t, p ro v id in g u n r e so lv e d i s s u e s w ent to b inding a rb itra tio n .'M eetings h eld under FM CS a u sp ic e s in M iam i, M ob ile , N ew O r lea n s , and G a lv esto n .Upon the ex p ira tio n of the co n tra ct, a s tr ik e of a p p ro x im a te ly 50, 000 lo n g sh o rem en began at 12:01 a .m ., ty in g up p o r ts fro m M aine to T ex a s .

O ctob er 2

B oard o f Inquiry appointed by the P r e s id e n t 10 h ou rs a fter s tr ik e b egan . M em b ers: Robben W. F lem in g , p r o fe s s o r of law at the U n iv e r s ity of I l l in o is , cha irm an ; V ernon H. J e n se n , p r o fe s s o r of in d u str ia l and lab or r e la t io n s at C o rn e ll U n iv ers ity ; and R o b ert L. S tutz, a s so c ia te p r o fe s s o r of in d u str ia l a d m in is tra tio n at the U n iv e r s ity of C o n n ecticu t.The B oard began h ea r in g s in N ew Y ork C ity .

O ctob er 4 _ The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t that d e sp ite rep ea ted m e e tin g s and m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts , a lm o s t no p r o g r e s s had b een m ad e tow ard an a g r eem e n t, and that the w id esp rea d im p a ct in a ll the m a jo r p o r ts cr e a te d an in to ler a b le co n d ition w h ich n e c e s s ita te d re su m p tio n o f w ork and an ea r ly se t t le m e n t o f the d isp u te .

O ctob er 6 - O ctob er 10

O ctob er 16

The P r e s id e n t im m ed ia te ly s ig n ed the o r d er d ir e c t in g the A ttorn ey G en era l to p e tit io n the a p p rop ria te d is t r ic t co u rt fo r an in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e .Judge F . X. M cG ohey, F e d e r a l D is t r ic t C ourt, is s u e d a 10-d ay t e m p o ra ry r e str a in in g o r d er , e f fe c t iv e at 4:25 p. m . 3 Judge M cG ohey s e t O ctob er 10 fo r a h ea r in g to d e te r m in e w h eth er to ex tend the in ju n ction to the fu ll 80 d a y s.L o n g sh o rem en re tu rn ed to work in a ll E a st and G ulf C o ast p o r ts .Judge M cG ohey ex ten d ed o r ig in a l 10 -d a y r e s tr a in in g o r d er to fu ll 8 0 -d a y p er io d au th o r ized by the L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s ( T a ft-H a rtley ) A ct, p roh ib itin g a re su m p tio n o f the s tr ik e u n til D e c e m b e r 23.The B oard of Inquiry began ex p lo ra to ry ta lk s w ith in d u stry and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s . The B oard m et jo in tly and se p a r a te ly w ith the p a r t ie s b etw een O ctob er 16 and O ctob er 31, but both s id e s rem a in ed ad a m en t in th e ir r e s p e c t iv e p o s it io n s .The B oard term in a ted it s m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts a fter the union r e je c te d a reco m m en d a tio n to put o ff d em an d s for a 6 -h ou r day and h ig h e r b a se pay ra te , and the e m p lo y ers re je c te d the reco m m en d a tio n to d e fe r th e ir dem an d s fo r ch a n ges in w ork gang s iz e s .



21. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1962—63— In tern ation al L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v. sh ip p in g andste v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

49

O ctob er 23, 1 9 6 2____ Deputy D ir e c to r and C oordinator m et w ith South A tlan tic and Gulf ILA d e le g a te s in New York. R esu m p tion of n eg o tia tio n s w a s begun.

N o vem b er 7 __________ Under sp o n so rsh ip of F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s , the p a r t i e s began a p o in t-b y -p o in t d is c u s s io n of the d isp u ted i s s u e s .

N o vem b er 27_________ The union w age s c a le co m m ittee reco m m en d ed r e je c tio n of the e m p lo y ers ' fin a l o ffer , w hich p ro p o sed that w ork gan gs be red u ced by one m an a y e a r during the next 3 y e a r s and a to ta l w age o ffer of a 2 7 -c e n t-a n -h o u r in c r e a s e over a 3 -y e a r p er iod .

D ecem b er 3 The B oard of Inquiry su b m itted i t s seco n d rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t. The rep ort sta ted that n eg o tia tio n s in N ew Y ork fou n d ered on the m anpow er u tiliza tio n is s u e , and that th ere had been no su b sta n tia l change in the p o s it io n s of the p a r t ie s . B e c a u se of the p a ttern se ttin g p oten tia l of the New York co n tra ct, lo c a l n eg o tia tio n s in both A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts p o r ts had b een p er fu n ctory or h eld in ab eyan ce.

D ecem b er 14_________ V ote on em p lo y e r s ' la s t o ffer began in New Y ork under a u sp ic e s of the N ation al Labor R e la tio n s B oard; votin g in oth er p orts w as sch ed u led for D ecem b er 17 and 18. Join t m ee tin g in W ashington under a u sp ice s of L abor S e c r e ta r y W irtz.

D ecem b er 17 P a r t ie s re su m e d m ee tin g in New York.D ecem b er 19_________ The NLRB rep orted that lo n g sh o rem en re je c ted the em p lo y ers ' la s t

offer by a v ote of 25 to 1.D ecem b er 23 E ig h ty -d a y in junction ex p ired . L o n g sh o rem en re je c ted P r e s id e n t

K en n ed y's p lea for a 9 0 -d a y tr u c e , and re su m e d the s t r ik e .4 The P resid en t had te leg ra p h ed in d u stry and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s , proposing that a co m m ittee o rg a n ized by the S e c r e ta r y of L abor study m anpow er u tiliz a t io n , job se c u r ity and related i s s u e s , and that another co m m ittee , headed by Judge H arold R. M edina, reco m m en d se t t le m e n ts on a ll oth er m a tte r s by F eb ru a ry 15.

D ecem b er 25_________ The N ation a l M aritim e Union of A m e r ic a sta ted it s m e m b e r s would honor the ILA p ick et l in e s . S ix oth er m a r it im e un ion s had a lso p led ged to support the ILA s tr ik e .

Jan uary 16, 1 9 6 3____ P r e s id e n t K ennedy appointed a th r e e -m a n board to m ed ia te the s tr ik e sh o rtly a fter the S e c r e ta r y of L abor rep o rted that n eg o tia tio n s had co lla p sed .B oard m em b ers: Senator W ayne M o rse , ch a irm an ; J a m es J. H ealy , H arvard U n iv ers ity p r o fe sso r ; and T heod ore K h eel, N ew York C ity a r b itr a to r .

Jan u ary 20____________

The P r e s id e n t in stru c ted the B oard to p ro p o se ac tion to C o n g ress if no co n tra ct se ttle m e n t could be rea ch ed by Jan u ary 20.The B oard m ade the fo llo w in g reco m m en d a tio n s fo r ending the str ik e : 2 4 - ce n t-a n -h o u r w age in c r e a s e o ver the next 2 y e a r s (15 ce n ts r e tr o ac tiv e to O ctob er 1, 1962), p lus 13 ce n ts fo r im p ro ved p en s io n s , h ea lth , and w e lfa r e b en efits .The reco m m en d a tio n s a lso in clu d ed p r o v is io n s for a "study by the D ep artm en t of L abor under the d ire c tio n of the S e c r e ta r y of L abor of the p ro b lem s of m anpow er u tiliza tio n , job secu r ity and a ll o ther related i s s u e s w hich a ffec t the lo n g sh o re in d u stry ." P r o v is io n w as a lso m ade for a n eu tra l board to m ake reco m m en d a tio n s tow ard im p lem en tin g the fin d in gs of the study' in the even t that the p a r tie s fa il to a g ree by Ju ly 31, 1964.

S ee footnote at end of tab le .


5 0

21. L o n gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1962—63— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A F L —CIO) v . sh ip p in g and

s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

January 22, 1 9 6 3 ____ The N ew Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n announced a c cep ta n c e of the B o a rd 's reco m m en d atio n .

Jan uary 26____________ L o n g sh o rem en in the P o rt o f N ew Y ork re tu rn ed to w ork. S e tt le m e n ts w e re co m p le ted in a ll o th er p o r ts by Jan uary 27, and n o rm a l o p e ra tio n s w e re re su m e d Jan u ary 28.

F eb ru a ry 20---------------- The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t. The rep o rt su m m a r iz e d the B o a rd 's m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts , the reco m m en d a tio n s m ad e , and the gu id in g c r i t e r ia u sed in form u la tin g its p ro p o sa l.

1 The New York Shipping A ssociation was em powered to bargain for m anagem ent groups from M aine to V irginia on "MasterContract" item s. Traditionally, negotiations in N ew York on the Master Contract, w hile not binding in the South A tlan tic and Gulf ports, set the pattern for settlem en t there. Employer groups involved included the follow ing: New York Shipping A ssociation , I n c .;Harbor Carriers of the Port of N ew York; Steam ship Trade A ssociation of Baltim ore, In c.; Philadelphia M arine Trade Association; New Orleans Steam ship A ssociation; Ham pton Roads M aritim e A ssociation; M obile Steam ship A ssociation; W est Gulf M aritim e Industry; Boston Shipping Association; and South A tlan tic Employers A ssociation.

2 A fter the 1959 contracts were signed, the Federal M ediation and C on cilia tion Service m aintained continuous lia ison w ith the parties in an effort to avoid a crisis in 1962. In January 1962, Federal m ediators m et w ith top union and industry representatives and suggested that bargaining get underway early. A t that tim e , both sides undertook factual surveys on several k ey points.

^ This was the fourth tim e since 1948 that the longshorem en have been ordered back to work by Federal court injunction, and the eighth tim e that workers in the m aritim e fie ld have b een under d irective of the T aft-H artley A ct.

4 This was the fourth tim e a longshore strike had occurred or resumed after an 8 0 -day " coolin g off" period.

22. A e r o sp a c e In dustry D isp u te , 1962 1— L ock h eed A ir c r a ft C orp. v. In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (A F L —CIO)

July 21, 1 9 6 2 _________ In co m p lia n ce w ith the reco m m en d a tio n s of W illiam E. S im k in , D i r e c to r o f the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , P r e s id e n t K ennedy c a lle d for a 6 0 -d ay tru ce and appointed a th r e e -m a n board of p u b lic c i t iz e n s to a s s i s t F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s in n e g o tia t io n s . 2 M em b e r s : D r . G eorge W. T aylor , p r o fe s s o r o f in d u stry at the U n iv e r s ity of P en n sy lv a n ia , ch a irm an ; Ralph T. Sew ard , u m p ire fo r B eth leh em S te e l Co. and the U nited S te e lw o r k e r s o f A m e r ic a , and D r . C h a r le s C. K illin g s w orth , p r o fe s s o r of e c o n o m ic s at M ich igan State U n iv e r s ity .

Ju ly 28------------------------- The u n ion s a g r eed to the tru ce and the B oard b egan h ea r in g s at the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e o ff ic e in L os A n g e le s on the key i s s u e s — w a g es , u n em p lo y m en t b e n e f its , and union shop. N e a r ly 3 w eek s .w ere sp en t in se p a r a te and jo in t m e e tin g s , but n eg o tia tio n s rem a in ed d ea d lock ed .

A u gust 1 9 -------------------- A fter em p h a siz in g to the p a r tie s tne n e c e s s i t y o f r e ex a m in in g th e ir p o s it io n s a s a p re lu d e to fu rth er and in te n s if ie d n e g o tia t io n s , the B oard reco n v en ed in W ashington, D. C.

S ep tem b er 1__________ In the rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t, the B oard su m m a r iz e d the p o s it io n s of the p a r tie s and th e ir reco m m en d a tio n s fo r r e so lv in g the d isp u te .

S ep tem b er 4 ---------------- The B oard su b m itted it s reco m m en d a tio n s to the p a r t ie s . T h ese in clu d ed reco m m en d a tio n s for 3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n ts ; g e n e r a l w age in c r e a s e s ; in c r e a s e in com pany co n tr ib u tio n s to la y o ff b en e fit p la n s; and an em p lo y ee v o te in ea ch b a rga in in g unit to r e s o lv e the union shop i s s u e . 3 The p a r tie s w ere urged to take note o f the r e c o m m en d atio n s and to ren ew th e ir e ffo r ts to s e t t le the d isp u te .



51

22. A e r o sp a c e Industry D isp u te , 1962 1----L ock h eed A ir c r a ft Corp.v . In tern ation al A sso c ia t io n of M a ch in ists (A F L —CIO)— C ontinued

S ep tem b er 11, 1962__ The B o a rd 's f in a l rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t sta ted that n eg o tia tio n s had b een r e su m e d under a u sp ic e s of the F e d e r a l M ediation and C o n cilia tion S er v ice ; that su b sta n tia l p r o g r e ss had b een m ade on so m e is s u e s ; and that the union shop issu e rem a in ed the chief roadblock to se ttle m en t.

O ctob er 23 The In tern ation a l ^ ftso c ia tio n of M a ch in is ts u rg ed the F e d e r a l G overn m en t to s e iz e and o p era te L ockheed A ir cra ft C orp. a s an a ltern a tiv e to a s tr ik e .

O ctob er 26 D ir ec to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e req u ested the com p an y and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s to renew n eg o tia tio n s in W ashington.

N o v em b er 28_________ A s tr ik e of a p p ro x im a te ly 21, 000 w o rk er s b egan at o p era tio n s of L ock h eed in C a lifo rn ia , F lo r id a , and H aw aii. P r e s id e n t Kennedy im m e d ia te ly invoked the T a ft-H a r tley A ct and appointed a B oard of Inquiry to in v e s t ig a te the d isp u te . M em b ers: A rthur M. R o ss , p r o fe s s o r of in d u str ia l r e la t io n s at th e U n iv e r s ity of C a lifo rn ia , ch a irm an ; F r e d e r ic k H. B u llen , P u eb lo , C o lo ., and P au l D. H anlon, P ortla n d , O reg ., both ex p er ie n ced a r b itr a to r s .

The D ir e c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tion S e r v ic e sen t t e le g r a m s to the p a r tie s a d v isin g th em of the appointm ent of the B oard , and req u estin g that the s tr ik e be term in a te d im m ed ia te ly .

N o vem b er 29_________ Both p a r tie s co m p lied w ith the r e q u est and the s tr ik e w a s h a lted pending the ou tcom e of the B o a rd 's study. W ork w a s r e su m e d on the even in g sh ift.

N o vem b er 3 0 The B oard began h ea r in g s in L o s A n g e le s .D e cem b e r 3 _ The B oard rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t. The rep o rt s ta ted no p r o g r e s s

had b een m ade tow ard a so lu tio n of the union se c u r ity is s u e s in ce the T ay lor B oard 's p r o p o sa ls , although the sam e is s u e had b een d isp o sed of p ea cea b ly in m o st oth er a e r o sp a c e co m p a n ies . The rep o rt ca lled the tru ce " p re ca r io u s , " s in c e the s tr ik e w as su sp en d ed on ly pending the B oa rd 's study and rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t.

D e cem b e r 10

The P r e s id e n t in stru c ted the A tto rn ey G en era l to s e e k a F e d e r a l Court in ju n ction to p rev en t a re su m p tio n of the s tr ik e . A co m p la in t w as f i le d in the United S ta tes D is tr ic t C ourt in L os A n g e le s , and F e d e r a l D is tr ic t Judge J e s s e C u rtis is s u e d a 10-day re stra in in g ord er a g a in st both the com p any and union. Judge C u rtis se t D e cem b er 10 for a h ea r in g on the G ov ern m en t's p e titio n for a tem p o r a ry in ju n ction a g a in st the s tr ik e .Judge C u rtis ex ten d ed the r e str a in in g o rd er to a fu ll 8 0 -d a y in junction .N eg o tia tio n s w e r e re su m ed under a u s p ic e s of F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s , but w e re r e c e s s e d in d e fin ite ly 3 days la te r .



52

22. A e r o sp a c e In dustry D isp u te , 1962 1— L ock h eed A ir c r a ft C orp. v. In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (AFLr-CIO)— C ontinued

Jan uary 2, 1963---------- L ock h eed announced a g r e e m e n ts w ith u n its of the M a ch in is ts at H onolulu and at R ed lan d s, C a lif. , m ark in g the f ir s t b rea k in th e long d isp u te .

Jan uary 21____________ Com pany and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s m et w ith N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard o f f ic ia ls to d is c u s s p lan s for a v o te on the co m p a n y 's f in a l o ffer in ou tly in g a r e a s .N e g o tia tio n s rem ain ed d ea d lock ed on the union shop is s u e d e s p ite a lm o s t contin u ou s n eg o tia tio n s s in c e e a r ly Jan u ary .

January 27------------------ T h r e e -y e a r co n tra ct, w h ich in clu d ed ec o n o m ic b e n e fits but no union shop c lau se , w as w orked out w ith the a s s is ta n c e o f F e d e r a l m e d ia t o r s .4

Jan uary 28------------------- The union ra tif ied co n tra ct.

The aerospace industry dispute d eveloped in the early summer, and involved the International A ssociation of M achinists, the U nited A utom obile Workers, and several m ajor firms in the industry. D espite the efforts of Federal m ediators, numerous strike calls were i|sued for July 23.

The com panies and unions sp ecified in the Taylor Board's assignm ent included North A m erican A viation , Inc. , Ryan A eronautical Co. , and the U nited A utom ob ile , Aerospace and Agricultural Im plem ent Workers of A m erica; and General D ynam ics C orp ., A erojet-G eneral Corp. , Lockheed Aircraft Corp. , and the International A ssociation of M achinists. The Board's reports to the President did not deal w ith the issues at A erojet-G eneral Corp. , where a union shop was already in e ffe c t , but addressed a le tter to this firm Septem ber 6 , m aking the same recom m endations on the general w age increase issue.

3 A ll of the parties, excep t the Lockheed Aircraft Corp. , agreed to undertake co lle c tiv e bargaining w ith respect to a ll issues. Lockheed m aintained its fixed position on the union shop issue.

4 Contract provided a 5 - to 8 -c e n t w age increase, retroactive to July 23, 1962, 6 to 8 cents e ffe c tiv e July 22, 1963, and 6 to 9 cents e ffectiv e July 20 , 1964; additional 3 - to 1 6 -cen t adjustment (inequity and c lassification ) a ffectin g substantial numbers of em ployees; total current 7 -c e n t co s t-o f- liv in g allow ance (including 1 -cen t adjustments e ffectiv e July 1962, October 1962, and January 1963 under extension of previous agreem ent) incorporated into base rates and esca lation clause continued; 8th paid holiday— day after Thanksgiving beginning 1962; double tim e (was straight tim e) plus holiday pay for holiday work; 3 weeks' vaca tion after 10 years (was 12) and 4th w eek after 25 years; $30-d ay hospital (was $23) and $825 m axim um surgical b en efit (was $500)-—com pany paid for em p loyees and com pany assumes $2 w eek o f cost of dependent insurance prem ium retroactive to N ovem ber 26, 1962, w ith coverage extended to age 23 for fu ll-t im e students; $75 lum p-sum extended layoff ben efit for each year's service to 15 (was $50 for each year up to 10); life insurance m ade ava ilab le at group rates to em p loyees betw een ages 65 and 68 , or until retired; pay for unused sick leave increased to include shift prem ium , co s t-o f- liv in g a llow an ce, .and odd workweek bonuses.

23. A e r o sp a c e Industry D isp u te , 1962—63 1— B oein g Co. v . In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (AFLr-CIO)

July 16, 1962 —

A u gust 8

N eg o tia tio n s to r e p la c e a co n tra ct ex p ir in g on S ep tem b er 15, 1962,b egan in W ichita , K an s. The union p ro p o sed a 3 -p e r c e n t w age in c r e a s e w ith an e s c a la to r c la u se , im p ro v ed h ea lth and w e lfa r e and p en sio n p r o g r a m s, and a union shop or a g en cy shop c la u s e . 2 N e g o t ia t io n s su b seq u en tly m oved to S ea ttle , W ash. , w h ere co m p an yw id e b arga in in g w a s con d u cted .The com p an y, in it s c o u n terp r o p o sa ls w h ich the union r e je c te d , o ffere d a 1 5 - to 2 6 -c e n t-a n -h o u r w age in c r e a s e o v e r a 3 -y e a r p er io d , and in c r e a s e s in in su ra n ce and b a s ic m onthly p en sio n b e n e fits , but r e je c te d the union re q u est fo r a union or a gen cy shop .

S ee fo o tn o tes at end of ta b le .


23. A e r o sp a c e In d u stry D isp u te , 1962—6 3 1— B oeing Co. v . In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in ists (A FL —CIO)— C ontinued

A u gu st 25, 1 9 6 2 ______ S ea ttle M ach in is ts voted a u th o r iza tio n fo r a s tr ik e , as th e ir c o u n te r p arts in V an d en b erg , C a lif ., Cape C a n a vera l, F la ., and W ich ita , K a n s., had done e a r lie r in the m onth . N o s tr ik e date w as s e t , pending vote on the com p an y's fin a l o ffer .

A u gu st 2 7 _____________ N eg o tia tio n s rem a in ed d ead lock ed on the m ajor i s s u e s , and the union n o tified the F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e that a s e r io u s d isp u te e x is te d .

A u gust 28 F e d e r a l M ed iator A lbin P e te r s o n m et w ith m em b e rs of the union b argain in g co m m ittee and sch ed u led a m ee tin g with com pany n e g o t ia to r s for A u gust 29.

S ep tem b er 4 __________ F e d e r a l m ed ia to rs m et w ith com pany and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s in S ea ttle . A re v iew of the is s u e s did not in d ica te any m a te r ia l change in the r e sp e c t iv e p o s it io n s of the p a r t ie s . M ed iation e ffo r ts contin ued in s ep a r a te and jo in t m ee tin g s through S ep tem b er 10.

S ep tem b er 13_________ P r e s id e n t K ennedy appointed a th r e e -m a n factfin d in g board to su p p le m en t the e ffo r ts of the FM CS. B oard m e m b e r s w ere: Saul W allen , B o ston , cha irm an ; L ew is M. G ill, P h ila d e lp h ia , and P a tr ic k J. F is h e r , In d ian ap o lis , a ll 'ex p er ien ced a r b itr a to r s . The board w as req u ested to rep ort to the P r e s id e n t by O ctob er 15. Both the com pany and the union a g r eed to contin ue w ork under the p r e se n t co n tra ct until N o v em b er 15.

S ep tem b er 17_________ The board m et with the p a r tie s in S e a tt le , W ash. , and fo r 4 days r e c e iv e d o r a l and w r itten s ta te m en ts of th e ir r e sp e c t iv e p o s it io n s . Only a lim ited num ber of key i s s u e s w ere co n s id e r e d in d e ta il— union se c u r ity , w a g es , p er fo rm a n ce a n a ly s is s y s te m , m an a gem en t r ig h ts , su b co n tra ctin g , and the co m p an y 's p ro p o sa l fo r a m o d ifica tio n of the g r ie v a n c e p ro c e d u r e s . The board con clu d ed that the union se c u r ity is s u e w as the ch ie f im p ed im en t to a s e t t le m e n t , and d ec id ed that it w ould be d e s ir a b le to obtain e x p r e s s io n s of opin ion fro m B oeing e m p lo y e e s . The p a r tie s jo in ed in a re q u est that the board be a llo w ed to d efer its rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t until N o vem b er 15.

S ep tem b er 24 The board n o tified the p a r tie s that h ea r in g s would be r e su m e d in W ashington , D. C. , beginning O ctober 1.O ctob er 4 _____________ The b oard r e c e s s e d the h ea r in g s in W ashington . The p a r tie s a g r eed

to retu rn to S ea ttle and m ee t w ith F ed er a l m ed ia to rs to r e su m e e ffo r ts to r e so lv e the is s u e s not being c o n s id e r e d by the b oard .

O ctob er 10 _ _ Both p a r tie s su b m itted a l i s t of the u n se ttled is s u e s to a F e d e r a l M ed iation and C o n cilia tion panel in S ea tt le . T h ree m in or i s s u e s w e re re so lv ed ; s e v e r a l o th er i s s u e s w ere r e so lv e d in su b seq u en t m ee tin g s b etw een O ctob er 10 and O ctober 28.

N o vem b er 6 _ _ P r e s id e n t K ennedy announced that the union had. a g reed to postp on e s tr ik e a c tion until at le a s t Jan uary 15, 1963, to p erm it a p o ll on the union shop is s u e . The p o ll, which would not bind the com pany to gran t the union shop nor req u ire the union to re lin q u ish it s dem and for on e, w as sch ed u led to begin on D ecem b er 4. The board w as a llo w ed to d efer it s rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t until January 5, 1963.



5 4

23. A e r o s p a c e In d u stry D isp u te , 1962—6 3 1— B oein g Co. v . In tern atio n a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (A F L —CIO)— C ontinued

N o v em b er 11, 1962 __ A ll rem a in in g u n se tt le d is s u e s w e re re v iew ed in d ir e c t n eg o tia tio n sw ith F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s . A com pany sp o k esm a n in d ica ted that in v iew of the forth co m in g p o ll of e m p lo y e e s , and u n til reco m m en d a tio n s on oth er i s s u e s b e fo re the board w ere know n, no fu rth er p r o g r e s s cou ld be m ad e a t that t im e .

D e cem b e r 1 1 _________ The N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard announced that in the nonbindingp o ll B oein g e m p lo y e e s fa v o red a union shop by n e a r ly 3 to 1.

D e cem b e r 1 7_ T he board m et w ith the p a r tie s in San F r a n c is c o . M eetin g s con tin u ed throu gh D e cem b e r 20.

D ecem b e r 2 8 _____

Jan u ary 2, 1963

Jan uary 10

The board reco n v en ed m e e tin g s w ith the p a r tie s in W a sh in gton , D. C. D e sp ite the b o a rd 's p ro p o sa l for so lv in g the union shop i s s u e , n e g o tia tio n s re m a in ed d ea d lo ck ed . The board ter m in a te d m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts and began w orking on it s re p o r t to the P r e s id e n t .The board rep o r ted to the P r e s id e n t that i t s e ffo r ts to head o ff a Jan u ary 15 s tr ik e had c o lla p se d b e c a u se o f m a n a g em en t's r e s is ta n c e to the union dem and fo r a union shop. The board reco m m en d ed that the com p an y r e c o n s id e r its p o s it io n on the union s e c u r ity i s s u e , and that the p a r tie s n eg o tia te an ad d ition a l p r o v is io n for union s e c u r ity o v e r and ab o ve the p r e se n t m a in ten a n ce o f m e m b e r sh ip c la u s e . The board a ls o reco m m en d ed that the w age i s s u e be s e t t le d in co n fo rm a n ce w ith the co m p a n y 's o ffe r .The p a r tie s m et in W ashington , D. C. , w ith a p an el o f F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s . The com p an y p r e se n te d the p an el w ith a new s e t of p r o p o sa ls w h ich d iffere d in s e v e r a l im p o rta n t r e s p e c t s fro m th o se p r e se n te d in A u gu st 1962. In ten s iv e m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts con tin u ed throu gh Jan u ary 18.

Jan uary 1 5 ____________

Jan uary 19

W illia m E. S im k in , D ir e c to r of the FM C S, announced that c o n s id e r a b le p r o g r e s s had b een m ad e in r e c e n t n eg o tia tio n s and that the union had a g r e e d to h is r e q u e s t to p ostp on e any s tr ik e a c tio n , a t le a s t u n til m id n igh t Jan u ary 18.The FMCS D ir e c to r announced that the union had fu rth er p ostp o n ed a s tr ik e pending r e s u lt s of b a llo tin g on the co m p a n y 's la te s t o f fe r .

Jan uary 22

Jan uary 23

The com p any r e v is e d its fin a l o ffer to the un ion , am en d in g a p ortion of its p ro p o sa l on the k ey " p erfo rm a n ce a n a ly s is" i s s u e , and red u cin g se n io r ity r e q u ire m e n ts for p u rp o ses of r e c a ll fro m la y o ff , but r e je c t in g the u n ion 's p ro p o sa l to a r b itr a te the u n r e so lv e d i s s u e s .The union r e je c te d the com p any o ffer and o r d ere d a s tr ik e to b eg in Jan u ary 26.P r e s id e n t K ennedy, sta tin g that a w ork sto p p age a t the a e r o s p a c e f ir m w ould be a s e r io u s th rea t to the N a tio n 's d e fe n se e ffo r t , im m e d ia te ly invoked the T a ft-H a r tley A ct and ap p o in ted a th r e e -m a n B oard of Inquiry to in v e s t ig a te the d isp u te . B oard m e m b e r s w ere: B en jam inA a ro n , D ir e c to r o f the In stitu te of In d u str ia l R e la tio n s a t the U n iv e r s ity of C a lifo rn ia , ch a irm an ; L loyd U lm a n , P r o f e s s o r o f E c o n o m ic s and In d u str ia l R e la tio n s at the U n iv e r s ity of C a lifo rn ia , and J. B . G illin g h a m , ch a irm a n of the D ep artm en t of E co n o m ic s at the U n iv e r s ity of W ash ington .

S ee footn ote a t end o f tab le .


5 5

23. A e r o sp a c e In d u stry D isp u te , 1962—6 3 1— B oeing Co. v . In tern ation a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (A FL-C IO )— Continued

January 25, 1963 ____ The B oard of Inquiry rep o rted to the P r e s id e n t . The rep o rt su m m a r iz e d the background and p r e se n t s ta tu s of the d isp u te , and co n clu d ed that a s tr ik e a p p eared to be im m in en t.P r e s id e n t K ennedy o rd ered the J u s t ic e D ep artm en t to s e e k an in ju n ction on the grounds that the n ation a l sa fe ty w ould be en d an gered by a s tr ik e . U .S . D is tr ic t Judge W illia m J. L in d b erg , S e a tt le , W a sh ., g ran ted a tem p o ra ry in ju n ction and o rd ered both s id e s to ap p ear b e fo re h im on F eb ru a ry 1 to show c a u se why it should not be m ade p erm an en t for the 80-d a y .period p r e sc r ib e d by the Labor M anagem ent R ela tio n s (T a ft-H a r tley ) A ct.

F eb ru ary 1 ___________ Judge L indberg ex ten d ed the in junction to 80 d a y s, thus p ro h ib itin g any s tr ik e u n til A p ril 15.

F eb ru a ry 7 ___________ U .S . A ttorn ey B ro ck A d am s jo in ed a tto rn ey s for the union in ask in g Judge L indberg to add lan gu age to the 8 0-d a y in junction to sp e c ify that a ll p r o v is io n s of the la s t union co n tra ct rem a in in fo rc e during the te r m of the in ju n ction . T h is w ould p erp etu ate the co n tr a c t's m a in ten an ce of m em b e rsh ip c la u se .

F eb ru a ry 8 Judge L indberg d en ied the re q u est .F eb ru a ry 9 ___________ U nion a tto rn e y s m a iled an em e rg en cy ap p eal to the U .S . C ourt of

A p p ea ls in San F r a n c isc o .F eb ru a ry 15 The U .S . C ourt of A p p ea ls a g r e e d to h ea r argu m en ts that B oeing w as

p r e ssu r in g m a c h in is ts to r e s ig n from th e ir union. S u b seq u en tly , the co u rt upheld the u n ion ’s p o sitio n and the m a in ten a n ce of m em b e rsh ip c la u se w as re ta in ed in the ex p ired co n tra ct for the p er iod of the in junction .The com pany sen t a te le g r a m to P r e s id e n t K ennedy req u estin g that he se e k c o n g r e ss io n a l a c tio n s im ila r to that taken in the r e c e n t lo n g sh o re c a s e , so that " th is d isp u te can be se tt le d ."

F eb ru a ry 1 9 __________ N eg o tia tio n s re su m ed .M arch 2 4 ______________ The B oard of Inquiry reco n v en ed in S ea ttle and took w r itten and o ra l

re p o r ts of the p o s it io n s of a ll p a r tie s to the d isp u te .M arch 2 6 ______________ The B oard of Inquiry m ade its fin a l rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t , in d icatin g

that- the p a r tie s rem a in ed d ea d lock ed on the m ajor i s s u e s , d esp ite m ed ia tio n e ffo r ts in 11 s e s s io n s in S ea ttle and W ashington , D. C. , b e tw een F eb ru ary 19 and M arch 22.

A p r il 8 The N ation a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard announced that u n o ffic ia l re tu rn s of b a llo tin g on the co m p an y's fin a l o ffer in d ica ted that the union had r e je c te d the o ffer .

A p r il 1 5 ______________ The com pany and union announced a ten ta tive a g r eem e n t on te r m s of a new co n tra ct ju st h ou rs b efore the ex p ira tio n of the T a ft-H a r tley in ju n ction , thus a v ertin g a s tr ik e se t for m idnigh t. The union u rg ed it s m em b e rsh ip to a c cep t the p ro p o sa l, w hich in clu d ed w age and fr in g e b en efit in c r e a s e s to ta lin g fro m 22- to 32 - cen ts - a n -h o u r o v er 3 y e a r s , plus a c o s t -o f - l iv in g c la u se , im p ro v ed job ev a lu ation p er fo rm a n ce a n a ly s is , and a m o d ified union se c u r ity c la u se w hich a llo w s n ew ly h ired w o rk ers to d ec id e a g a in st union m em b e rsh ip , but s tip u la te s that



5 6

23. A e r o sp a c e In d u stry D isp u te , 1962—6 3 1— B oein g Co. v . In tern atio n a l A s s o c ia t io n of M a ch in is ts (A FD —CIO)— C ontinued

A p r il 15, 1963—C o n tin u ed ___________ both the union and the com p any m u st be n o tif ied of th is d e c is io n in

w ritin g during the e m p lo y e e 's " p eriod o f e le c t io n ," d efin ed a s the 10-d a y p er io d fo llo w in g the e m p lo y e e 's in it ia l 30 days of em p lo y m en t. In d iv id u a ls who fa il to p ro v id e su ch n o tic e a r e re q u ire d to jo in the union w ith in 20 days a fter the ex p ira tio n of th e ir p er iod o f e le c t io n .

A p r il 17 In S e a tt le , the union voted to a c c e p t the co n tr a c t. H o w ev er , m a c h in is ts at Cape C a n a v era l, F la . , r e je c te d it , and in W ich ita , K a n s. , a un ion m ee tin g adjourned w ithout a vote bein g tak en . 3

A p r il 18 S e c r e ta r y of L abor W. W illard W irtz , and W illia m E. S im k in , D ir e c to r of FM C S, u rged the w o rk er s in Cape C a n av era l to r e c o n s id e r th e ir v o te .

A p r il 19 A p r il 22 A p r il 29

The W ich ita union v oted to r e je c t the co n tra ct.U nion o f f ic ia ls m et w ith com p any n e g o tia to r s in S e a tt le .T he union announced a t im eta b le for p r o g r e s s iv e w alkouts at B oein g o p e ra tio n s a c r o s s the N ation .

M ay 1 _________________ A fter the com p any m ad e so m e new p r o p o s a ls , P r e s id e n t K ennedyw ir ed the union sta tin g that any in terru p tio n of o p e ra tio n s a t B oein g fa c i l i t ie s would have a s e r io u s im p a c t on the d e fe n se p o s tu re o f the N ation . He u rg ed the uiv.on to w ithhold s tr ik e a c tio n and to su b m it the new p r o p o sa ls to the union m em b e rsh ip for a v o te .A . J . H a y es , In tern a tio n a l P r e s id e n t o f LAM, n o tif ied the a ffe c te d lo c a ls that a l l s tr ik e sa n ctio n s w e re bein g te m p o r a r ily w ithdraw n pending r e s u lt s of th is v o te .

M ay 1 0 _____________ LAM m e m b e r s ra tif ie d the co n tr a c t, 4 ending 10 m on th s of n e g o tia t io n s .

1 Although this dispute began during the summer o f 1962, the national em ergency provisions o f the Taft-H artley A ct were not in voked until January 1963. The Executive Order creating the Board of Inquiry d irected this body to in vestigate the dispute at the Boeing Company and its Vertol D ivisions, as w ell as a dispute at the Rohr Corporation in Auburn, Wash. , the latter a supplier o f aircraft and m issile com ponents for the Boeing Company's com m ercia l and m ilitary aircraft. Unions in vo lved in the disputes in cluded , in addition to the International A ssociation o f M achinists (AFL—CIO), the U nited A utom obile Workers (AFL—CIO), the International Union o f United Weldors (Ind. ), the International Union o f Operating Engineers (AFL—CIO) and the United Plant Guard Workers o f A m erica (Ind. ).

A gency shop clauses were proposed for areas where the union shop is prohibited; contracts w ith this com pany had not included union-shop clauses since 1948.

3 Following rejection o f the contract, brief w ild cat strikes occurred at several locations from m id-A pril .to early May.4 The 3-year contract provided for w age increases o f 11 to 14 cents retroactive to Septem ber 16, 1962, 5“ 1 /2 to 9 cents addi

tional e ffectiv e both Septem ber 16, 1963, and Septem ber 16, 1964, and the equivalent o f 4 cents an hour per em p loyee for revisions in w age rates; a co st-o f- liv in g escalator clause was established w ith m axim um adjustments up to 3 cents each year; $2. 25 a month pension paym ents for each year o f future service (was $1. 75)— m inim um $50 a month; relocation p o lic ies to be m ade uniform and written into agreem ent, e ffectiv e June 1, 1963; com pany assumed rate increase in com pany-paid h osp ita l-m ed ica l-su rg ica l insurance for em ployees (previously paid $8. 65-$10. 50 a month, varying by location). The union security proposal m entioned under date o f April 15 was also incorporated into the contract.


5 7

24. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1964—65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A sso c ia t io n (A FL - CIO)

v. sh ipping and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies

June 16, 1964 R e p r e se n ta t iv e s of the In tern ation al L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n 's (ILA) A tlan tic C oast D is tr ic t and its South A tlan tic and G ulf C oast D is tr ic t m et in N ew York C ity to draft co n tract p r o p o sa ls fo r su b m is s io n to the New Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia t io n (NYSA). 1

June 25

Ju ly 1

July 7.

July 14

Ju ly 29

Ju ly 30

R e p r e se n ta t iv e s of the NYSA m et b r ie f ly w ith ILA n eg o tia to rs to a c cep t the u n ion 's co n tract p r o p o sa ls p r e se n te d by ILA P r e s id e n t T hom as W. G lea so n , w h ich c a lle d for a 3 -y e a r a g r eem e n t p ro v id in g , am ong o th er th in g s , a w age in c r e a s e of 35 cen ts o v e r the term of the con tract; an 8 -h ou r d a ily gu a ran tee; an in c r e a s e in p en sio n s; an ad d ition al h o lid ay each y e a r , ra is in g the num ber to 12; and re ten tio n of the 20 -m a n w ork gang.J a m e s J. R eyn old s, A s s is ta n t S e c r e ta r y of L abor, p r e se n te d co p ie s of the U. S. D ep artm en t of L ab o r 's rep ort on m an p ow er u t iliz a t io n and job s e c u r ity in the P o r t of N ew York to 22 union and m a n a g e m en t r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s . T h is rep o rt, 1 of 10 p rep a red by the D e p artm en t on A tlan tic and G ulf C oast p o r ts , w as au th or ized by the Jan u ary 1963 "M em orandum of S ettlem en t" w hich brought the 1962—63 lo n g sh o re s tr ik e to a c lo s e . 2C ontract n eg o tia tio n s b egan in N ew Y ork. A lex a n d er Chopin, C h a irm an of the New York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , sought to b eg in the s e s s io n w ith a d is c u s s io n of the L abor D ep a rtm en t's fin d in g s , a co u r se of action re je c ted by T h om as G lea so n , who in s is te d on f ir s t re ce iv in g the e m p lo y e r 's co u n terp r o p o sa ls . M anagem ent r e p r e se n ta t iv e s a g reed to p r e se n t th e ir p r o p o sa ls at the n ext m ee tin g .The co u n terp r o p o sa ls p r e se n te d by the NYSA ca lled for a 5 -y e a r a g r eem e n t w ith a w a g e -r e o p e n e r c la u se a fter the th ird y e a r , and p r o v id ed , am ong o th er th in g s , for the e lim in a tio n o f ro yalty p ay m en ts on co n ta in er iz ed ca rg o . C ounterdem ands to the u n ion 's req u est for w age in c r e a s e s w ere d e fer red until d is c u s s io n s had b een h e ld on m a n p ow er u t iliza tio n . A m an a g em en t p ro p o sa l that a jo in t co m m ittee be e s ta b lish e d to d is c u s s the la tte r w as a ccep ted by the union . T his jo in t co m m ittee w as sch ed u led to hold d aily m ee tin g s during the w eek of July 20, and w as to rep ort its fin d in gs to the fu ll n eg otia tin g c o m m itte e on July 27.F e d e r a l M ed iators R obert H. M oore , J. A ndrew B u rk e , and H erb ert S ch m ertz r e c e iv e d a p r o g r e s s rep ort in sep a r a te m e e tin g s w ith each of the p a r t ie s .The p a r t ie s , in a c co rd a n ce w ith the Jan u ary 1963 M em orandum of S ettlem en t, s e le c te d a n eu tra l b oard to a s s i s t them in the re so lu tio n of th e ir d if fe r e n c e s . At th e ir re q u est , S e c r e ta r y of L abor W. W illard W irtz appointed to th is board the m en who had p a r tic ip a ted in the se t t le m e n t of the 1962—63 lo n g sh o re s tr ik e : S en ator W ayne M o rse ,ch a irm an ; T h eod o re W. K h eel, New York C ity a tto rn ey and a rb itra to r; and P ro f. J a m e s A. H ealy of the H arvard S ch oo l o f B u s in e s s A d m in is tra tion . Due to the p r e s s u r e of h is se n a to r ia l co m m itm en ts , S en ator M o rse w as unable to s e r v e , and, at the p a r t ie s ' re q u est , A s s is ta n t Labor S e c r e ta r y R eynolds se r v e d as ch a irm an in h is p la c e . D avid Stow e, d ir e c to r of the L abor D ep artm en t stu d y, w as a s s ig n e d as a d v is o r to the board.C on tract ta lk s opened in New O r lea n s .

S ee foo tn o tes at end o f ta b le .


58

24. L on gsh or in g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and G u lf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 4 -65 — In tern atio n a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A F L —CIO)

v . sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

A u gu st 11, 1964 The n eu tra l board h e ld se p a r a te m e e tin g s w ith ILA and NYSA r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s . The board su b seq u en tly m et r e g u la r ly w ith the p a r t ie s , both se p a r a te ly and jo in t ly , through S ep te m b er 30.

A u gu st 18 _____________ D uring a 5 -h o u r m ee tin g w ith the n eu tr a l b oard , the u n ion e x p r e s s e d a w il l in g n e s s to c o n s id e r a red u ction in gang s iz e in re tu rn for a g u a ra n teed annual w a g e .

A u gu st 29 — — ___ N e g o tia to r s fo r the South A tla n tic p o r ts op en ed 7 d ay s of co n tr a c t ta lk s in M iam i.

S ep tem b er 3 __________ The n eu tra l board a sk e d the ILA n eg o tia tin g c o m m itte e to su b m it its p ro p o sa l fo r ch a n g es in the o p era tio n of the h ir in g c e n te r s in the P o rt o f N ew Y ork. W hile the union h a ile d th is r e q u e s t a s a p o s s ib le b rea k in the s ta le m a te , the s iz e o f the w ork gang rem a in ed the k ey u n r e so lv e d i s s u e . The b oard sch ed u led a S ep tem b er 8 m e e tin g w ith the W aterfron t C o m m iss io n 3 to d is c u s s the h ir in g ce n te r i s s u e .

S ep tem b er 1 6 _________ C on tract n eg o tia tio n s began in G a lv esto n for the W est G ulf p o r ts .S ep tem b er 1 8 _________ U nion and m a n a g em en t r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s fo r the South A tla n tic p o r ts

re su m e d n e g o tia t io n s . M eetin g s w e re h e ld d a ily throu gh S ep tem b er 30.S ep tem b er 2 1 _________ The NYSA o ffere d to su b m it a ll u n r e so lv e d i s s u e s to f in a l and b ind

ing a r b itr a tio n .S ep tem b er 2 3 _________ U nion m e m b e r s in N orth A tla n tic p o r ts v o ted to r e je c t the N Y SA 's

a r b itr a tio n p ro p o sa l.S ep tem b er 2 5 _________ The n eu tra l b oa rd , in a c co rd a n ce w ith i t s m an d ate , su b m itted to the

p a r tie s the re co m m en d a tio n s it had p re p a re d fo r r e so lu tio n of the rem a in in g i s s u e s in the P o r t o f N ew Y ork . At the p a r t ie s ' r e q u e s t , the re co m m en d a tio n s w e r e not con fin ed to the job s e c u r ity — m a n p ow er u t iliz a t io n p r o b le m s , but c o v e r e d a l l a s p e c ts of the d isp u te . A m ong the re co m m en d a tio n s w e re a p h ased red u ctio n in gang s iz e in re tu rn fo r a g u a ra n teed annual w a g e , g r e a te r f le x ib il i ty in the a s s ig n m en t of m en , and the e a r ly c u r ta ilm e n t o f new en tra n ts into the lo n g sh o re lab o r fo r c e .

S ep tem b er 2 6 -2 9 ____ The n eu tra l board con tin u ed it s in te n s iv e e ffo r ts to h e lp the p a r tie s a c h ie v e a s e t t le m e n t on the b a s is of it s r e co m m en d a tio n s .

S ep tem b er 2 9 _________ N e g o tia to r s in N ew O r lea n s re p o rted that th ey had rea ch ed " a g r e e m en t in p r in c ip le" on a l l n o n eco n o m ic i s s u e s .

S ep tem b er 30 _ ______ N eg o tia tio n s b ro k e off during the a ftern o on fo llo w in g T hom as W. G le a so n 's an n o u n cem en t that the u n ion 's "no co n tr a ct— no work" p o lic y w ould go into e f fe c t a t m id n igh t when the o ld a g r e e m e n t ex p ired .

P r e s id e n t Joh nson in vok ed the "national em erg en cy " p r o v is io n s of the T a ft-H a r tle y A ct and ap p oin ted the fo llo w in g th r e e -m a n B oard of Inq u iry to in v e s t ig a te the d isp u te :4 H e rb er t S c h m e r tz , W ash ington a t to rn ey and a r b itr a to r , ch a irm an ; J a m es J. H ealy; and T h eod o re W. K h eel. The la t te r two m en had se r v e d on the n eu tra l board s e le c te d in la te Ju ly .

S ee foo tn o tes a t end o f ta b le .


5 9

24. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1964—65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (AFLr*CIO)

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

O ctob er 1, 1 9 6 4 -------- L o n g sh o rem en in p o r ts from M aine to T ex a s stopped w ork . The B oard o f In q u iry 's r e p o r t, su m m a r iz in g the background and p r e se n t s ta tu s o f the d isp u te , w as su b m itted to the P r e s id e n t . The B oard concluded: "The r ig id ity o f p o s it io n s on m an y o f the m ain i s s u e s , plu s the co m p lex ity o f ite m s co n cern ed w ith the re la ted c r a f t s , m a k es the p o s s ib il i ty o f an e a r ly s e t t le m e n t m o s t r e m o te . "P r e s id e n t Joh n son d ir e c te d the J u s t ic e D ep a rtm en t to s e e k an in ju n ction on the grounds that a co n tin u ation o f the s tr ik e w ould im p e r il the n ation a l h ea lth and sa fe ty . U. S. D is t r ic t Judge F r e d e r ic k van P e lt B ryan s ig n ed a 1 0 -d a y r e str a in in g o r d er at 8 p. m . and o r d ere d both s id e s to appear b e fo r e h im on O ctob er 8 to show c a u se why the in ju n ction shou ld not be ex ten d ed fo r the 8 0 -d a y p er iod p r e sc r ib e d by the T a ft-H a r tley A ct.ILA o ff ic ia ls co m p lied w ith the co u rt o rd er and n o tified th e ir m e m b e r s to retu rn to w ork .

O ctob er 8 ------------------ A d e c is io n on the G ov ern m en t's p e tit io n fo r an in ju n ction w as d e fer red a fter the ILA q u estion ed it s le g a lity . Judge Irv in g B en C o op er , who h eard the a r g u m en ts , a sk ed union and m a n a g em en t a tto rn ey s to f i le ad d ition a l p a p ers by 2:30 p .m . , O ctob er 9 .

O ctob er 1 0 ----------------- Judge C ooper ex ten d ed the in ju n ction to 80 d a y s , thus p ro h ib itin g a resu m p tion o f the s tr ik e u n til D e c e m b e r 20.

O ctob er 21—3 1 ------------ C on tract ta lk s in N ew Y ork r e su m e d on O ctob er 21 , cen ter in g in i t ia lly on the d em ands o f the c a r p e n te r s , co o p er s and m a in ten a n ce m en . At the p a r t ie s ' r e q u e st , th is m ee tin g and th o se h e ld su b seq u en tly w e re conducted by A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R ey n o ld s , a s s is t e d by D avid S tow e.

N o vem b er 1 --------------- A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s rep o rted that the n eg o tia tio n s r e m ain ed s ta lem a ted o v e r the sa m e m an p ow er u t iliz a t io n i s s u e s w h ich had sp ark ed the s tr ik e . A m an a g em en t dem and for g r e a te r f l e x i b ility in a s s ig n in g w ork to ca rg o c h e c k e r s w as one o f the m a in p o in ts at is s u e .

N o v em b er 5 --------------- The S e c r e ta r y of L ab or , co n cern ed by the d ea d lock ed n eg o tia tio n s , ca lle d union and em p lo y er n eg o tia tin g tea m s to W ashington fo r s e p a ra te m e e tin g s on N o vem b er 6.

N o vem b er 9—2 5 ---------- F req u en t m e e tin g s , both jo in t and s e p a r a te , w e re h eld under the d i rection of A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s and D avid S tow e.

N o vem b er 2 0 ------------- The ILA p etitio n ed the N LRB to a llo w i t s s ix c r a fts to vote s e p a ra te ly on the e m p lo y ers ' "final" o ffe r . Ivan C. M cL eod , N LRB r e g ion a l d ir e c to r , d en ied th is r e q u est on N o v em b er 25. V oting w as sch ed u led for D e cem b e r 10—15.

N o vem b er 2 4 ------------ A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s s u g g e ste d that the p a r tie s a c cep t a 1 -y e a r co n tra ct on w a ges and fr in g e b en e fits w h ile th ey continued to n eg o tia te the u n r eso lv ed m an p ow er i s s u e s . T h is app roach w as a c cep ta b le to the union , but w as r e je c te d by m a n a gem en t.L abor and m an a g em en t r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s in N ew O rlean s m et fo r th e ir f ir s t ta lk s s in c e S ep tem b er 30.


60

24. L on gsh or in g D isp u te on the A tla n tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1964—65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (AFL—CIO)

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ie s— C ontinued

N o vem b er 28, 19 6 4— The B oard of Inquiry h ea rd the e m p lo y e r s ' "final" o ffer at a 2 -h o u r m ee tin g w ith union and m a n a g em en t o f f ic ia ls .

N o v em b er 3 0 ------------- The B oard of In q u iry , in its seco n d re p o rt to the P r e s id e n t , s ta tedthat co n tr a c t te r m s fo r th ree c r a ft grou p s had b een a g r e e d upon , but th a t, an im p a s s e had b een rea ch ed in d is c u s s io n s on .the w ork a s s ig n m en ts of c le r k s , c h e c k e r s , and te r m in a l la b o r . The B oard re p o rted that th e p a r tie s had a ffirm ed th e ir " w illin g n ess to en gage in n e g o t ia tion s as e x te n s iv e ly as n e c e s s a r y to u se any and a ll o p p o rtu n itie s to a c h ie v e a s e t t le m e n t p r io r to the ex p ira tio n of the in ju n ction . "

D e cem b e r 6 N eg o tia tio n s fo r the South A tla n tic p o r ts w e r e r e su m e d in M iam i; ta lk s contin ued throu gh D e cem b e r 12.

D e cem b e r 9

D e c e m b e r 1 6 -

D e cem b e r 2 0 -------------

The ILA en tered into a m em oran d u m of u n d erstan d in g w ith o f f ic ia ls of the B rook lyn A rm y T e r m in a l, s ta tin g that m il ita r y ca rg o w ould be

Tiandled shou ld the union s tr ik e at the ex p ira tio n of the in ju n ction . A lthough the union h as tra d itio n a lly fo llo w ed a p o lic y of hand ling m ilita r y c a r g o e s , it r e p o r ted ly had n e v e r b e fo r e bound i t s e l f to do so by a w r itten a g r eem e n t..E m p lo y er and union r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s announced that ten ta tiv e a g r e e m en t had b een rea ch ed on a 4 -y e a r co n tr a c t fo r the P o r t of N ew Y ork. Included in the a g r e e m e n t, w h ich p ro v id ed an 8 0 -c e n t w a g e - fr in g e p a ck a g e , w e r e p r o v is io n s fo r a p h a sed red u ction in gang s iz e and a gu a ran teed annual w a ge. V oting on r a tif ic a tio n of the a g r e e m e n t w as sch ed u led fo r Jan u ary 8 , 1965.ILA o f f ic ia ls in a ll but the W est Gulf p o r ts a g r eed to ex ten d c o n tr a c t ta lk s through Jan u ary 10; in the W est G ulf, ta lk s w e r e c o n tinued on a d a y -to -d a y b a s is on ly .The 8 0 -d a y in ju n ction ex p ired at 8 p .m .

D e cem b e r 2 1 ------------- L o n g sh o rem en at m o r e than h a lf of the p ie r s in the P o r t of N ew Y orkw alked off th e ir jo b s , p ro m p tin g union o f f ic ia ls to u n d ertak e a c a m paign to a d v ise the m em b e rsh ip of the m e r its of the new a g r e e m e n t. D u ring the w eek w h ich fo llo w ed , b r ie f sp o ra d ic w a lk ou ts a ls o o c c u r r e d at the p o r ts of B a lt im o r e , B o sto n , G a lv esto n , and H ou ston .

D e cem b e r 2 2 ------------- N eg o tia tio n s for the W est G ulf p o r ts w e r e r e su m e d under the d ir e c tion of A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R ey n o ld s . M ed ia tiv e a s s is ta n c e w as su b seq u en tly p ro v id ed by D avid S tow e and A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta ry R eyn old s in ta lk s h eld in G a lv esto n during D e c e m b e r 23—24, D e cem b e r 28—31, and Jan u ary 5—10. A m ong the h o s t o f u n r e so lv e d i s s u e s w e re the e s ta b lish m e n t of a m in im u m gang s i z e , the m o n eta ry s iz e of the a g r e e m e n t, and the r e tr o a c t iv ity of the a g r eem e n t.

Jan u ary 8 , 1965 L o n g sh o rem en in the P o r t of N ew Y ork voted down the a g r eem e n t rea ch ed on D e cem b e r 16. T hom as W. G le a so n , ILA p r e s id e n t , o r d ere d a s tr ik e to b eg in at 12:01 a .m . on Jan u ary 11.

Jan u ary 10 — S tea m sh ip o p e r a to r s ap p ea led to P r e s id e n t J oh n so n through A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s to s e e k le g is la t io n fo rc in g the ILA to c o m p u lso ry a rb itra tio n .


61

24. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1964—65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A sso c ia t io n (A F L “*CIO)

v. sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— Continued

J anuary 11 , 1965 L o n g sh o rem en from M aine to T ex as re su m ed the s tr ik e . 5 Union o f f ic ia ls in N ew Y ork began a cam p aign to exp la in the ad van tages of the re je c te d a g r eem e n t to the m em b e rsh ip .

Jan u ary 1 2 ----------------- The N atio n a l M a ritim e Union and the S e a fa r e r s ' In tern ation a l Unionn otified s te a m sh ip co m p a n ies that they would honor the lo n g sh o r e m e n ’s p ick et l in e s .

Jan uary 1 3 ----------------- ILA P r e s id e n t G lea so n ca lled upon union le a d e r s at p o rts from B o stonto G a lv esto n to re su m e n eg o tia tio n s on lo c a l i s s u e s .

Jan uary 14 C on tract n eg o tia tio n s re su m ed in B a lt im o r e .Jan uary 15 In G a lv esto n , D avid Stow e p ro v id ed m e d ia tiv e a s s is ta n c e in d a ily n e g o

tia tio n s through Jan uary 20, and from Jan uary 22—31.Jan uary 21 L o n g sh o rem en in the P o r t o f N ew York approved by m o re than a

2 to 1 m argin, the 4 -y e a r a g r eem e n t th ey had p r e v io u s ly r e je c te d ,6 but contin ued the s tr ik e pending se t t le m e n ts in o th er p o r ts .

Jan uary 22 The ILA lifte d its em b argo on U .S . - f la g p a sse n g e r v e s s e l s and on p e r ish a b le c a r g o e s in the P o r t of N ew Y ork.

Jan uary 24 L o n g sh o rem en in B o sto n voted to a ccep t the te r m s of the m a s te r co n trac t; n eg o tia tio n s contin ued o v er lo c a l i s s u e s .

Jan u ary 27 B a lt im o r e lo n g sh o rem en r e je c ted a new co n tra ct.Jan u ary 2 8 ----------------- The N ew York Shipping A s s o c ia t io n , in a te le g r a m m ad e p u b lic , a p

p ea led to the P r e s id e n t to take a c tio n "to term in a te th is s e n s e le s s , s u ic id a l and u n ju stified s tr ik e and reop en our p o r ts , pending co n g r e s s io n a l action tow ards co m p u lso ry a rb itra tio n . "A se t t le m e n t w as rep orted at M o b ile , A lab am a.In N ew O r le a n s , w h ere A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eynolds had aided in n eg o tia tio n s s in c e Jan uary 16, lo n g sh o rem en ra tified a 4 -y e a r a g r eem e n t.A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R ey n o ld s , who had b een in G a lv esto n s in c e Jan uary 29, announced that b arga in in g ta lk s for the W est G ulf p o r ts had co lla p sed .

F eb ru a ry 1 ---------------- B a lt im o r e lo n g sh o rem en voted to a ccep t a re v ise d v e r s io n of thea g r eem e n t they had re je c ted e a r l ie r .P r e s id e n t Joh n so n , through L abor S e c r e ta r y W irtz , urged lo n g sh o re le a d e r s to e a se the im p a ct of the s tr ik e by sen d in g m en back to w ork at p o r ts w h ere a g r eem e n ts had b een rea ch ed . Union ac tion on the P r e s id e n t 's appeal w as d e fer red pending the o u tco m e of n eg o tia tio n s in P h ila d e lp h ia . A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eynolds a r r iv ed in the la tter p ort w h ere he p ro v id ed m ed ia tiv e a s s is ta n c e through F eb ru a ry 8 , when a g r eem e n t on the lo n g sh o re co n tra ct w as reach ed .

Jan u ary 29

Jan uary 31

The ILA re sc in d ed its exem p tion on p e r is h a b le s , sta tin g that it a p p lied only to sh ip s in the h arb or at the tim e it w as o r d ere d . N e g o tia tio n s for the South A tlan tic p o r ts resu m ed in M iam i. D avid Stow e w as in a tten d an ce at th e se ta lk s w h ich contin ued through F eb ru a ry 6.

S ee foo tn o tes at end of tab le .


24. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1964—65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o rem en s A ss o c ia t io n (A F L —CIO)

v . sh ipp ing and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

F eb ru ary 2, 1965 The C o m m erce and Industry A s s o c ia t io n ap p ealed to the P r e s id e n t to invoke the T a ft-H a r tley A ct aga in . Ralph C. G r o ss , e x e c u tiv e v ic e - p r e s id e n t of the A s s o c ia t io n , re je c ted the arg u m en t that the a c t 's p r o ce d u re s had b een ex h au sted , sta tin g that e n tir e ly new i s s u e s w e re now at sta k e .

F eb ru ary 4 ___________ In M ob ile , A la . , C ircu it Court Judge W ill G. C affey ru led that thelo c a l union w as le g a lly ob lig a ted to c a r r y out the co n tr a c t it had s ig n ed w ith the M obile S tea m sh ip A s s o c ia t io n , and o r d ere d the lo n g sh o rem en to retu rn to th e ir jo b s . On F eb ru a ry 8 , fo llow in g the lo n g sh o r e m e n 's fa ilu r e to retu rn to w o rk , Judge C affey fined the lo c a l $ 5 ,0 0 0 , and sta ted the p en a lty w ould be in c r e a s e d by an ad d ition a l $ 1 ,0 0 0 fo r each day the w alkout contin ued . On F eb ru a ry 11, so m e lo n g sh o rem en began rep ortin g fo r w ork.ILA lo c a l 1814 in B rook lyn voted to retu rn to w ork as soon a s a g r e e m en t w as reach ed in the P o r t of P h ila d e lp h ia .

F eb ru ary 5 ----------------- The NYSA on ce again u rged the P r e s id e n t to a c t in o r d e r to g e t tra d em ovin g in th o se p o r ts w h ere a g r eem e n ts had b een reach ed .

F eb ru a ry 9 ----------------- The NYSA ch a rg ed the ILA w ith v io la tio n of the N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s A ct by th e ir re fu sa l to fu lf i l l the co n tr a ct ra tif ied in January; s im ila r ch a rg e s w e re f i le d in New O rlean s by the N ew O r lea n s S te a m ship A s s o c ia t io n .A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s a r r iv e d in G a lv esto n w h ere n e g o tia tio n s w e re re su m e d the fo llo w in g day.

F eb ru a ry 1 0 ---------------- P r e s id e n t Joh n son announced the appoin tm en t of a th r e e -m a n p a n e l tom e e t in W ashington w ith com pany and union R ep resen ta tiv e s fro m South A tlan tic and W est G ulf p o r ts , and m ak e re co m m en d a tio n s fo r a fa ir and eq u ita b le s e t t le m e n t o f th e i s s u e s in d isp u te . P a n e l m e m b e r s w e re : W. W illard W irtz , S e c r e ta r y of L ab or , ch a irm an ; John T .C onnor, S e c r e ta r y of C o m m erce ; and S en ator W ayne M o rse of O regon . The p an e l w as to rep o rt to the P r e s id e n t w h eth er its r e co m m en d a tion s had b een a ccep ted by 1 2 m . (noon) o n F e b r u a r y 12. In a n n o u n ce- ing the p a n e l’s appo in tm en t, the P r e s id e n t sta ted : "The in ju ry to theecon om y re su lt in g from th is shutdow n h as rea ch ed s ta g g er in g p r o p o r tio n s . C ontinuation of th is s tr ik e is to ta lly u n ju stif ie d in the N orth A tlan tic and E a s t G ulf p o r ts w h ere a g r e e m e n t h as a lr ea d y b een r e a c h e d ."

F eb rua ry 11 The p an e l h ea rd rep o rts fro m the p a r t ie s on the u n r e so lv e d i s s u e s in the South A tla n tic and W est G ulf p o r ts . The e s ta b lish m e n t o f a m in im um gang s iz e w as a k ey is s u e in both a r e a s .A 5 -d a y r e str a in in g o r d e r , r eq u ested by the N L R B , w as s ig n ed in N ew Y ork by F e d e r a l D is tr ic t Judge S idney S u ga rm an . A h ea r in g on the ex te n s io n of th is o rd er w as sch ed u led for F eb ru a ry 16. R e str a in in g o r d e r s w e re a lso is s u e d by F e d e r a l J u d ges in B a lt im o r e and N ew O rleans'.F e d e r a l M ed iator John R. M urray announced that ten ta tiv e s e t t l e m en ts had b een rea ch ed w ith a ll lo c a ls in v o lv ed in the s tr ik e in the P o rt of P h ila d e lp h ia .


24. L on gsh orin g D isp u te on the A tlan tic and G ulf C o a sts , 1964-r-65— In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r em en 's A s s o c ia t io n (A FL —CIO)

v. shipping and s te v ed o r in g co m p a n ies— C ontinued

63

F eb ru a ry 12, 1965 ___ The panel p r e se n ted it s fin d in gs and reco m m en d a tio n s for se tt le m e n tin the South A tlan tic and W est G ulf p o r ts . E m p lo y er r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s fro m both a r e a s a c cep ted the p a n e l's reco m m en d a tio n s; h o w ev e r , they w e re turned down by union le a d e r s . F o llow in g the r e je c t io n of the p a n e l's p r o p o sa ls , m ed ia tio n s e s s io n s by S e c r e ta r y o f L abor W irtz co n tinued until about 5 p. m .ILA P r e s id e n t G lea so n announced at the co n c lu s io n of the p a n e l's h ea r in g s that lo n g sh o rem en w ould be o rd ered to retu rn to w ork at 8 a. m . the fo llow in g day in th o se p o r ts w h ere a g r e e m e n ts had been rea ch ed . He s ta te d , h o w ev e r , that the ILA w ould not w ork any d i v e r ted sh ip s or c a r g o e s in th e se p o r ts .

F eb ru a ry 1 3 __________ W ork re su m e d in the " co n tr a c t-se tt led " p o r ts .F eb ru a ry 16

F eb ru ary 17

F eb ru a ry 18

N eg o tia tio n s under the d ire c tio n of A s s is ta n t L abor S e c r e ta r y R eyn old s w e re re su m e d in G a lv esto n and contin ued through M arch 6.

F e d e r a l M ed iator E. S. Ja ck so n conducted a b arga in in g s e s s io n in H am pton R oad s, Va. , the f ir s t s in c e an im p a s s e had b een rea ch ed on F eb ru a ry 9 o v er the term in o lo g y of two s e c t io n s of the co n tra ct.N eg o tia tio n s under the d ire c tio n of D avid Stow e w ere r e su m e d in M iam i. Stow e p a r tic ip a ted in th e se ta lk s through F eb ru a ry 22, a s w e ll a s fro m F eb ru a ry 25 to M arch 3, and on M arch 5.

L o n g sh o rem en in N o rfo lk and H am pton R o ad s, Va. , ap p roved th e ir a g r eem e n t and re tu rn ed to w ork on the fo llow in g day.

F eb ru a ry 27 N e g o tia to rs in G a lv esto n rea ch ed a g r eem e n t on a 4 -y e a r co n tract fo r lo n g sh o rem en in W est G ulf p o r ts w hich in clu d ed a m in im u m gang c la u se . A vote on th is a g r eem e n t w as d e fer red pending a s e t t l e m en t in the South A tlan tic p o r ts . N e g o tia tio n s on an a g r eem e n t for c le r k and ch e c k e r s contin ued in G a lv esto n .

M arch 5 ______________ F e d e r a l M ed iator W illia m A . M c A lis te r announced in M iam i that ana g r e e m e n t fo r the South A tlan tic p orts had b een rea ch ed , and that a vote w as sch ed u led for 8 a . m . the fo llow in g day. T his a g r eem e n t a ls o con ta in ed a m in im u m g a n g -s iz e c la u se .A g ree m e n t w as rea ch ed in G a lv esto n on a new co n tra ct fo r c le r k s and c h e c k e r s .

M arch 6 ______________ L o n g sh o rem en in m o st South A tlan tic and W est G ulf p orts voted onth e ir a g r e e m e n ts and began retu rn in g to w ork.

M arch 8

M arch 12 M arch 13

A fter w orking o v e r the w eek en d , lo n g sh o rem en in M iam i and P o rt E v e r g la d e s , F l a . , re fu sed to a c cep t the new co n tra ct and w alked off th eir jo b s .L o n gsh o rem en in P o rt E v erg la d es voted to retu rn to w ork .W ork w as re su m e d in M ia m i, fo llow in g ra tif ica tio n of the p re v io u s ly r e je c te d a g r eem e n t.

S ee foo tn o tes on next p age.


6 4

F o o tn o tes1 The New York Shipping A ssociation is authorized to bargain for em ployer associations in the North A tlan tic area w ith respect

to w ages, hours, em ployer contributions to the w elfare and pension funds, and the term o f the agreem ent. Settlem ents on these issues, generally referred to as the Master Contract, are then incorporated into lo ca l agreem ents in these ports. N egotiations on working conditions and other matters are conducted on the lo ca l le v e l.

In the South A tlantic and Gulf Coast ports, there are several em ployer associations and groupings, w ith separate negotiations being conducted in M iam i, M obile, New Orleans, and Galveston. N egotiations in these ports are in fluenced by the New York se tt le m ent, but there is a general tendency to follow the New Orleans agreem ent on econ om ic issue's.

2 Reports were subsequently issued for the follow ing ports: Baltim ore, Boston, Charleston, G alveston, Houston, Jacksonville,M obile, New Orleans, and Philadelphia.

3 The hiring of longshorem en in the Port o f New York is supervised by the Waterfront C om m ission o f New York Harbor, a bistate regulatory agency created in 1953.

4 This marked the 24th t im e since 1947 that such action was deem ed necessary, and the 6th tim e that A tlantic Coast longshorem en were involved in a "national em ergency" dispute.

® This marked the 5th tim e that a longshore strike had occurred or b een resumed after an 8 0 -day " c o o lin g -o f f period.6 The agreem ent provided for a 1 0 -cent-an-hour w age increase, retroactive to October 1, and additional increases o f 10 cents

on October 1, 1965, and 8 cents on October 1, 1966, and 1967. Three .additional paid holidays, bringing the total to 12, and a 4th w eek o f vacation for most workers w ith 12 years o f service were provided.

The present 20-m an general cargo gang is to be reduced to 18 m en on April 1 ,1 9 6 6 , and to 17 m en on October 1, 1967. E ffective April 1, 1966, a ll em ployees w ith 700 hours’ em ploym ent in the previous year are to be guaranteed 1 ,6 0 0 hours o f work or pay annually i f they m ake them selves ava ilable for work.

Employer paym ents to the pension fund are to be increased to 47 cents per m an-hour, from 23 cents, on October 1, 1965. Pension benefits w ere increased and a m onthly b en efit was established for widows o f m en w ith 25 years o f service who die before retirem ent.


O cto b er

O ctob er

6 5

25. Aircraft—Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1966— General Electric C o ., Evendale, Ohio v. United Automobile, .Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers International

Union, and the International Association of Machinists (AFL—CIO)

1 7 ---------------- A p p ro x im a te ly 6 ,100 em ployees (m e m b e rs of IAM and UAW lo ca ls )s tru c k G E ’s E v en d a le , O hio , p lan t in a d isp u te o v e r new c o n tra c t te r m s . 1F e d e r a l M e d ia to r A lton H aym an m e t w ith GE and IAM o ffic ia ls in an e ffo rt to s e t t le the d isp u te , and sch ed u led a m ee tin g w ith UAW o ffic ia ls fo r O c to b er 18.A cting on a reco m m en d a tio n fro m D efen se S e c re ta ry R o b e rt S. M cN am ara , L ab o r S e c re ta ry W. W illa rd W irtz , and A cting A tto rn e y G e n e ra l R am sey C la rk , P re s id e n t Jo h n so n invoked the "n a tio n a l e m e rg e n c y " p ro v is io n s of the T a f t-H a r t le y A c t, and appo in ted the follow ing th re e - m a n B o ard of In q u iry to in v e s tig a te the d isp u te : 2 D avid L. C o le , fo rm e r D ire c to r of the F e d e r a l M ed ia tion and C onc il ia tio n S e rv ic e , c h a irm a n ; Joh n T . D unlop, C h a irm an of the D e p a r tm e n t of E co n o m ics a t H a rv a rd ; and Ja c o b S e id en b e rg , a r b i t r a to r and la b o r c o n su ltan t fro m F a lls C h u rch , Va.The B o ard conducted m e e tin g s in C in c in n a ti, O hio , w ith r e p r e s e n t a tiv e s of the com pany and th e u n io n s , and re p o r te d to the P re s id e n t . The r e p o r t s ta te d th a t two s e p a ra te d isp u te s led to the s tr ik e a t the E ven da le p lan t. R e p re s e n ta tiv e s fo r Lodge 12 of the IAM lis te d 19 u n re so lv e d i s s u e s , but the com p any’s p o s itio n w as th a t 8 of the is s u e s had been s e tt le d in n a tio n a l n e g o tia tio n s , leav ing only 11 so - c a lled lo ca l is s u e s open.A lthough its c o n tra c t did not e x p ire u n til J a n u a ry 1967, L odge 34 of the IAM, r e p re se n tin g 25 em ployees a t the E ven da le p la n t, a lso s tru c k o v e r d iffe re n c e s re la tin g to u n s a t is fa c to ry d isp o s itio n of c e r ta in g r ie v a n c e s .R e p re se n ta tiv e s of L o ca l 647 of the UAW lis te d 11 u n re so lv e d is s u e s and the com pany a g re e d th a t the is s u e s had been d is c u s s e d but w e re s t i l l in d isp u te .The B o ard re p o r te d th a t th e re had been no m ean in g fu l n eg o tia tio n s b e tw een the p a r t i e s , and concluded th a t b ec a u se of the com p lex ity of the is s u e s , and the in tr a n s ie n t p o s itio n of the p a r t i e s , th e re w as no like liho od of an e a r ly s e tt le m e n t.

1 8 ---------------- The P re s id e n t d i re c te d the A cting A tto rn e y G e n e ra l to p e titio n thea p p ro p r ia te d i s t r i c t co u rt fo r an in ju n c tio n a g a in s t th e s tr ik e . The d ire c t iv e w as acco m p an ied by an a ffid av it fro m the S e c re ta ry of D efen se s ta tin g th a t the stoppage "a ffec ts a su b s ta n tia l p a r t of the m il i ta r y je t eng ine in d u s try " and th a t " th is s to pp age w ill r e s u l t in an u n a ccep tab le and i r r e t r i e v a b le lo ss of tim e in the supply of je t eng in es and s p a re p a r ts . . . . w hich a re e s s e n t ia l to the n a tio n a l d e fen se of the U nited S ta te s , includ ing p a r t ic u la r ly , com b at o p e ra tio n s in S o u th eas t A s ia ." Jud ge C a r l W einm an, U .S . D is t r ic t C o urt fo r S o u th ern O hio , is su e d an 80-day in ju n c tio n o rd e r in g the s tr ik in g e m p lo y ees back to w o rk at the E ven dale p la n t, and p ro h ib itin g them fro m re su m in g the s tr ik e u n til e a r ly J a n u a ry 1967.

The s t r ik e r s beg an re tu rn in g to w ork in a " n o rm a l re g u la r flow " on the m id n ig h t sh ift.

S ee foo tn o tes at end of ta b le .


66

25. Aircraft—Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1966— General Electric C o., Evendale, Ohio v. United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers International

Union, and the International Association of Machinists (AFL—CIO)—Continued

O cto b er 19 N eg o tia tio n s w e re re su m e d in Ohio w ith the a s s is ta n c e of F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s .

N o vem ber 30 N eg o tia tio n s m oved to W ash in g to n , D. C. , and co n tin u ed w ith th e a s s is ta n c e of a fo u r -m e m b e r FM CS B o ard h ead ed by M r. W illiam E . S im k in , D ire c to r .

D e c e m b e r 4 — F ollow ing a n e g o tia tin g s e s s io n th a t la s te d 26 h o u r s , a sp o k esm an fo r FM CS announced th a t a te n ta tiv e a g re e m e n t had b een re a c h e d b e tw een the com pany and un ion r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s .

D ec em b er 8 M em b ers of UAW L o ca l 647 ra tif ie d th e a g re e m e n t. 3

D e c e m b e r 11 -- M em b ers of IAM L odge 912 ra tif ie d the a g re e m e n t. 3

1 During 1966, the Evendale plant was affected by other stoppages, including a 1-day strike of almost 4 ,000 workers on Mar. 2, and a 2 -day strike Apr. 25-26, involving more than 5,000 workers.

2 .The President's Executive Order specifically named the Evendale, Ohio, plant, which makes jet engines for the phantom jet fighters being used in Vietnam by both the Air Force and the Navy, but also provided that the Board could look into the other strikes at GE plants as it saw fit. (Approximately 30,000 employees of other GE plants also stopped work Oct. 17. )

3 Both 3-year contracts provided a 4-percent general wage increase, retroactive to Oct. 17, with additional increases of 2 .6 percent effective Oct. 2, 1967, and 3 percent effective Sept. 30, 1968. The agreements also provided for cost-of-living adjustments effective Oct. 2, 1967, to be based on the October 1966-October 1967 measuring period, 2 additional paid holidays effective in 1968, and other benefits similar to the company's earlier settlement with IUE and a 10-union coalition. (See Current Wage Developments No. 229 for details.)Regarding IAM Lodge 34, an agreement was worked out providing for the appointment of committees by the parties to review and evaluate the job-rate disputes during a 90-day period, beginning with the date of the signing of the agreement.


67

26. Nonferrous Smelting Industry Dispute, 1966—Union Carbide Corp., Stellite Division, Kokomo, Indiana v. United Steelworkers of America (AFL—CIO)

S ep tem b er 30 M o re th an 2 ,000 em p lo y ees of Union C arbide*s H aynes S te llite D iv isio n in K okom o, Ind. , stopped w o rk in a w age reopen in g d isp u te . 1

O c to b er 16----------------- A F e d e r a l m e d ia to r m e t w ith the p a r t i e s in an e ffo rt to s e t t le thed isp u te . The m e e tin g s con tinued th ro u g h O c to b er 18.W hen th e im p a c t of th is s t r ik e on d e fen se p ro d u c tio n b eca m e a p p a r en t, F e d e r a l m ed ia tio n e ffo rts w e re in te n s if ie d . M ed ia to rs m e t in jo in t s e s s io n w ith th e p a r t i e s , and con tinued th e ir m e d ia tiv e e f fo rts in a lm o s t con tinuous jo in t and s e p a ra te m e e tin g s th ro u g h N o vem ber 7.N eg o tia tio n s w e re b ro k en off.N eg o tia tio n s w e re re su m e d and con tinued w ith the a s s is ta n c e of F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s th ro u g h m id -D e c e m b e r.

D e c e m b e r 1 6 -------------- L ab o r S e c re ta ry W. W illa rd W irtz , c iting a th re a t to the N a tio n ’sd e fe n se , re q u e s te d com pany and un ion r e p re s e n ta t iv e s to m e e t w ith h im in W ash ing ton , D. C. , D ec em b er 18, in an e ffo rt to s e tt le th is d isp u te . No p r o g re s s w as m ad e and the S e c re ta ry re p o r te d the f a i l u re of the m e d ia tio n e ffo rts to the P re s id e n t .

N o vem ber 2 ---------------

N o vem ber 8 ---------------N o vem ber 2 1 --------------

D e c e m b e r 19

D ec em b er 20

A fte r D efen se S e c re ta ry M cN am ara ad v ised P re s id e n t Jo h n so n th a t the a llo y s p ro d u ced in the K okom o p la n t w e re e s s e n t ia l to the w ar e f fo r t in V ie tn am , the P re s id e n t invoked the ’’n a tio n a l e m erg en cy " p ro v is io n s of the T a f t-H a r t le y A c t, and appoin ted the follow ing th re e - m e m b e r B o ard of In q u iry to in v e s tig a te the d isp u te : L aw ren ce E.S e ib e l, W ash ing ton , D. C. , a r b i t r a to r , c h a irm a n ; G a rth L . M agnum , of the Upjohn In s ti tu te ; and F ra n k J . D ugan , a p r o f e s s o r of law at G eorgetow n U n iv e rs ity .P r e s id e n t Jo h n so n a sk ed the B o ard to tak e 1 m o re day to a s s e s s the ch an ces of ending the s t r ik e and r e p o r t back to h im .T he B o ard conducted a h e a r in g in W ash ing ton , D. C. , and re c e iv e d s ta te m e n ts of p o s itio n s of the p a r t i e s . The un ion r e p re s e n ta t iv e s ap p e a re d a t the h e a r in g and in tro d u ced d o cu m en ta ry ev id en ce , and m ad e an ex tended o r a l a rg u m e n t to the B o ard . R e p re se n ta tiv e s of the com pany did not a p p e a r.The B o ard re p o r te d th a t a ll e ffo rts to re so lv e the d isp u te had fa ile d , and s ta te d th a t two im m e d ia te is s u e s s e p a ra te d the p a r t ie s — w ages and d isc ip lin e fo r a lleg ed m isc o n d u c t d u rin g the s tr ik e — in add ition to the m o re p e rv a s iv e u n d erly in g c h a rg e s by The union th a t the c o m pany e s ta b lis h e s the l im its of the to ta l p ack ag e i t w ill g ra n t on a com panyw ide b a s is , bu t re fu se s to b a rg a in w ith the union on o th e r th an a p la n t-b y -p la n t b a s is . The r e p o r t concluded th a t the c o m p lex ity of the im m e d ia te and u n d erly in g is s u e s betw een the p a r t ie s m ad e the p o s s ib i l i ty of an e a r ly s e tt le m e n t un like ly .P re s id e n t Jo h n so n im m e d ia te ly asked the J u s t ic e D e p a rtm e n t to seek an in ju n c tio n h a ltin g the s tr ik e .

D ec em b er 21 - Jud ge L e o n a rd P . W alsh , of th e F e d e r a l D is t r ic t C o u rt in W ash in g ton , D. C. , is su e d an in ju n c tio n o rd e r in g the s tr ik in g em ployees back to w o rk , but s tay ed the e ffec t of h is o r d e r u n til noon D ec em b er 22 to give the union tim e to app ea l.

See footnotes at end of table.


68

26. Nonferrous Smelting Industry Dispute, 1966— Union Carbide Corp. Stellite Division, Kokomo, Indiana v. United Steelworkers of America (AFL—CIO)—Continued

D ecem ber 21 -------------ContinuedThe un ion co u n se l ch a llen g ed th e in ju n c tio n , a rg u in g th a t th e T a ft- H a r tle y A ct could no t be app lied b e c a u se th e s t r ik e d id no t a ffec t an e n tire in d u s try , o r a su b s ta n tia l p a r t th e re o f , and a sk ed the U .S . C irc u it C o urt of A ppeals fo r the D is t r ic t of C o lum b ia to s e t i t a s id e .

A th re e - m e m b e r ap p ea l p a n e l, head ed by Ju d g e C h a rle s W. F ah y , fu r th e r s tay ed th e o r d e r u n til 5 p. m . D e c e m b e r 23.

D ec em b er 2 3 ------------- The th re e - ju d g e p an e l of the U .S . C irc u it C o u rt of A p p ea ls upheld the lo w er c o u rt ru lin g th a t th e s t r ik e should be ended fo r 80 days b e c a u se i t would a ffec t th e n a tio n a l sa fe ty by im p a ir in g th e V ie tnam w a r e f fo r t. The c o u rt found th a t the s t r ik e w ould "a ffe c t a su b s ta n tia l p a r t of the m il i ta r y a i r c r a f t eng ine in d u s try " b e c a u se the Kokom o p la n t w as th e only a v a ila b le s u p p lie r of a c e r ta in a llo y and com p onen ts u se d to m ak e eng in es fo r a i r c r a f t u se d in V ie tn am .

The un ion did no t im m e d ia te ly se e k a f u r th e r s ta y of th e c o u r t ru lin g and d ire c te d the s tr ik in g em p lo y ees to r e tu r n to w o rk , bu t le f t open th e p o s s ib i l i ty of a l a t e r ap p ea l to the U .S . S u p rem e C o u rt.

D e c e m b e r 2 4 ------------- Som e e m p lo y e e s , m o s tly m a in te n a n c e w o rk e r s , b eg an re tu rn in g to w o rk , and the com pany s ta te d th a t th ey hoped to re s u m e fu ll p r o du c tio n soon a f te r the ho lid ay se a so n .

J a n u a ry 12, 1967-------- The un ion a sk ed the U .S . S u p rem e C o u rt to o v e r tu rn the in ju n c tio n , a rg u in g th a t th e s tr ik e d id no t a ffec t a s u b s ta n t ia l p a r t of th e m e ta l a llo y in d u s try , and th a t the le g is la t iv e h is to r y of the a c t m ad e i t c le a r th a t i t cou ld be u sed only w hen a s t r ik e a ffe c te d a s u b s ta n t ia l p a r t of the " s t ru c k " in d u s try r a th e r th an a s u b s ta n t ia l p a r t of a " c u s to m e r" in d u s try .

J a n u a ry 2 3 ----------------- The U .S . S u p rem e C o urt re fu se d to re v ie w th e c a s e and , in e f fe c t, upheld the in ju n c tio n is su e d by the lo w er c o u r t D e c e m b e r 21.

F e b ru a ry I ---------------- The un ion announced th a t a te n ta tiv e a g re e m e n t had b e e n r e a c h e d , and s ta te d th a t the neg o tia tin g c o m m itte e would re c o m m e n d its r a t if ic a tio n .

F e b ru a ry 3 --------------- Union m e m b e rs ra tif ie d the a g re e m e n t 2 and the in junction was d is so lv ed .

1 In September 1965, a collective bargaining agreement was executed between the company and the United Steelworkers of America Local 2958. The agreement provided for a contract reopening in September 1966, limited to "straight-time rates per hour."

z *The agreement, negotiated under a reopening provision, provided for a 17-cent-an-hour wage increase, retroactive to Dec. 23, and a 6-month extemion of the existing agreement to Mar. 29, 1968. The company also agreed that there would be no interruption of service credits, loss of seniority, or vacation eligibility during 1967, by reason of the strike, and there would be no administrative discipline or pressing of any charges pending, either in civil actions or the courts.


27. Shipbuilding Industry Dispute, 1966-67— Pacific Coast Shipbuilders* Association v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (AFL—CIO)1

N o vem ber 4, 1966 __________ D esp ite m o n th s of in te rm it te n t n e g o tia tio n s , o ften w ith the a s s is ta n c e of

F e d e ra l m e d ia to r s , e le c t r ic ia n s stopped w ork ing a t W est C o ast sh ip y a rd s , th u s c u r ta i lin g w o rk on v e s s e l s u se d in tr a n s p o r t in g w ar m a te r ia ls to V iet N am .2 O rig in a lly , the e le c t r ic ia n s dem an ded a 7 0 -cen t h o u rly in c re a s e and ad d itio n a l f r in g e b en e fits am ou nting to 22 c e n ts . By N o vem ber 8, th is dem and w as p a re d down to 5 p e rc e n t each y e a r u n d er a 2 -y e a r c o n tra c t , r e tro a c t iv e to Ju ly 1, 1965. The a s s o c ia tio n r e je c te d th is p ro p o sa l, c o n tend ing th a t it w as "out of lin e " w ith w ages pa id o th e r c ra f ts m e n .

N o vem ber 11 __ N e g o tia to rs fo r the sh ip y a rd s and union a g re e d to m e e t w ith F e d e ra l m e d ia to r s in W ash ing ton , D. C. , on N o vem ber 15, but the union d ec lin ed to u rg e i t s m e m b e rs to r e tu r n to w o rk pending the ta lk s , a s r e q u e s te d by W illiam E . S im kin , D ire c to r of the F e d e ra l M ed ia tion and C o n c ilia tio n S e rv ic e .

N o vem ber 15___ FM CS m e d ia to rs opened ta lk s in W ashington. The m e d ia to rs r e c e s s e d the ta lk s in d e fin ite ly on N o vem ber 17, s ta tin g th a t th e p a r t ie s w e re a s fa r a p a r t on te r m s of a new c o n tra c t a s th ey w e re when the d isp u te beg an . A union p ro p o sa l to sub m it a l l te r m s of the c o n tra c t to a r b i t r a t io n w as re je c te d by the sh ip b u ild e rs .

D ec em b er 1 N eg o tia tio n s re su m e d in San F ra n c is c o . R e p re s e n ta tiv e s of the sh ip b u ild e rs p ro p o sed th a t th e D ire c to r of FM CS nam e a p an e l of m en fa m il ia r w ith the sh ipbu ild ing and r e p a ir in d u s try to d e te rm in e the re le v a n t fa c ts on th e u n re so lv e d econ om ic i s s u e s , bu t the un ion r e je c te d the p ro p o sa l.

D ec em b er 7 ___ N eg o tia tio n s w ere r e c e s s e d and no p r o g re s s re p o r te d .

J a n u a ry 5,1967 ______ F e d e ra l m e d ia to r s m e t jo in tly w ith union and a s s o c ia tio n r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s , but the m ee tin g w as a d jo u rn ed when it w as le a rn e d th a t n e i th e r side had

any th ing new to joffer.

J a n u a ry 2 7 _____ N e g o tia to rs fo r the sh ip b u ild e rs and r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of the M eta l T ra d e s D ep a rtm en t of the A F L —CIO m e t in W ashington, D. C. , in a new e ffo rt to re a c h a s e tt le m e n t. G ordon M. F re e m a n , p re s id e n t of the IBEW , p a r t i c ip a ted in the ta lk s . R e p re s e n ta tiv e s of th e M eta l T ra d e s D ep a rtm en t p r o po sed (a) th a t a l l un ions in the sh ip y a rd s a g re e to n eg o tia te jo in tly w ith the sh ip b u ild e rs ; (bj th a t th e sh ip b u ild e rs a g re e to open a ll c o n tra c ts June 50 and n eg o tia te a new 3 -y e a r c o n tra c t; and (c) th a t e le c t r ic ia n s r e tu r n to w ork u n d e r the o ld c o n tra c t t e r m s pending th e se new n e g o tia tio n s . The sh ip b u ild e rs a c c e p te d th is p ro p o sa l and th e union a g re e d to su b m it th e p ro p o sa l to i ts m e m b e rs fo r a v o te . V oting began F e b ru a ry 1, and , a s union o ffic ia ls had p re d ic te d , the p ro p o sa l w as r e je c te d . 3



7 0

M a rc h

M arch

M arch

M arch

M arch

27. Shipbuilding Industry Dispute, 1966-67— Pacific Coast Shipbuilders* Association v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (AFL—CIO)— Continued

2 ____ ___ S ta tin g th a t th e s t r ik e , if p e rm itte d to co n tin u e , w ould im p e r i l th e n a tio n a lsa fe ty , P re s id e n t Jo h n so n invoked th e e m e rg e n c y p ro v is io n s of th e T a ft- H a r tle y A ct and ap p o in ted a B o a rd of In q u iry to in v e s tig a te th e d isp u te . B o a rd m e m b e rs w e re J . K eith M ann, A s s is ta n t P r o f e s s o r of L aw a t S ta m fo rd U n iv e rs ity , who w as c h a irm a n ; G eo rg e E . R eed y , f o rm e r W hite H ouse p r e s s s e c r e ta ry ; and P au l D. H anlon of P o r tla n d , O reg . , a t to rn e y .

6 ............... A f te r n o tice to the p a r t i e s , th e B o a rd h e ld h e a r in g s in San F ra n c is c o onM a rc h 6 and 7. M an agem en t r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s te s t i f ie d th a t sh ip b u ild in g and r e p a i r had co n tin u ed to a su b s ta n tia l d e g re e d u rin g the s t r ik e , bu t had re a c h e d a point a t w hich such w o rk cou ld not con tinue w ithout th e s e rv ic e s of e le c t r ic ia n s .T he p a r t ie s a g re e d th a t the sp e c if ic is s u e s in d isp u te w e re su b o rd in a te to th e d iffe re n t c o lle c tiv e b a rg a in in g a p p ro a c h e s . The a s s o c ia tio n con ten ded th a t a sh ip y a rd w as an in te g ra te d o p e ra tio n , and th a t th e m e ch an ic *s b a se r a te m u s t be u n ifo rm ly ap p lied to a l l sk ille d e m p lo y e e s , a ltho ugh th ey w e re r e p r e s e n te d by s e v e ra l u n io n s . The IBEW dem an d ed s e p a ra te b a rg a in in g and w ages and b e n e fits b a se d upon e le c tr ic ia n s* s k i l ls .

7 _______ The B o a rd re p o r te d to the P re s id e n t , s ta t in g th a t in te n s iv e n e g o tia tio n sand m e d ia tio n e f fo r ts had fa ile d to a ch iev e an a g re e m e n t , and th a t "T he f i rm in s is te n c e of th e a s s o c ia tio n on a d h e re n c e to th e tr a d i t io n a l in d u s try p a t te rn of a u n ifo rm h o u rly r a te fo r a l l c r a f t s , and the eq u a lly f i rm d e t e r m in a tio n of the un ion to b re a k f ro m th is p a t te rn and to o b ta in a h ig h e r r a te fo r e le c t r ic ia n s th ro u g h in d iv id u a l b a rg a in in g c r e a te d th e im p a s s e . "

The r e p o r t con clu ded th a t it w as th e ju d g m en t of th e B o a rd th a t " re su m p tio n of n o rm a l o p e ra tio n s in the y a rd s is not soon to be a n tic ip a te d n o r is e a r ly a g re e m e n t fo re s e e a b le . "

9 _______.. P re s id e n t Jo h n so n announced th a t he had d ire c te d th e A tto rn e y G e n e ra l tose e k an in ju n c tio n u n d e r th e n a tio n a l e m e rg e n c y p ro v is io n s of th e T a ft- H a r tle y A ct. A p e titio n to h a lt th e s t r ik e w as im m e d ia te ly f ile d w ith th e U. S. D is tr ic t C o u rt in San F ra n c is c o . An a ffid a v it f ro m S e c re ta ry of D efe n se R o b e rt S. M cN am ara s ta te d th a t th e s tr ik e w as in te r fe r in g w ith p r o c u re m e n t and re p la c e m e n t of equ ip m en t fo r th e w ar in V iet N am , an d , if a llo w ed to co n tin u e , w ould " r e s u l t in an u n a c c e p ta b le and i r r e t r i e v a b le lo s s of tim e in supply ing th e sh ip s e s s e n t ia l to the n a tio n a l d e fen se and s e c u r i ty of th e U n ited S ta te s . "

10 Judge A lb e r t C. W o llenberg ru le d th a t the. s tr ik e had a ffe c te d a su b s ta n tia l p a r t of the in d u s try and im p e r i le d th e n a tio n a l sa fe ty . He is s u e d an in ju n c tio n o rd e r in g th e e le c t r ic ia n s back to w o rk and p ro h ib itin g a lo cko u t by th e sh ip b u ild e rs u n til M ay 29.

P ic k e t lin e s w e re im m e d ia te ly w ith d raw n f ro m th e y a r d s , and a un ion sp o k esm an s ta te d th a t th e un ion w ould m ak e e v e ry e ffo r t to co m p ly w ith th e o r d e r .



71

27. Shipbuilding Industry Dispute, 1966-67— Pacific Coast Shipbuilders1 Association v. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (AFL—CIO)1—Continued

M arch 13 E le c t r ic ia n s re tu rn e d to w ork .A p ril 13 ___ _ The f i r s t n eg o tia tin g s e s s io n a f te r the in ju n c tio n w as g ra n te d w as h e ld in

S e a tt le . T a lk s con tinued th ro u g h 'A p r il 14. No p r o g re s s w as re p o r te d , but the p a r t ie s a g re e d to m e e t ag a in A p ri l 27.

A p ril 27 ..... . . F e d e ra l m e d ia to r s m e t w ith the p a r t ie s in San F ra n c is c o .

May 2 __________ A re su m p tio n of the s tr ik e w as a v e r te d when the p a r t ie s a c c e p te d a FM CS p ro p o sa l to (a) subm it sp ec ific u n re so lv e d is s u e s to the 3 -m e m b e r B o ard of In q u iry to m ake find ing s of fac t and ’re c o m m e n d a tio n s , if n e c e s s a ry ; (b) not to s tr ik e o r lockout a t le a s t u n til Ju ly 1, 1967; and (c) b e fo re a s tr ik e o r lockou t, to su b m it the f in a l m an ag em en t o ffe r to the m e m b e rsh ip fo r a vote to be conducted by the N atio na l L abo r R e la tio n s B o ard . The B o ard of In q u iry a sk e d th e p a r t ie s to sub m it b r ie f s by M ay 22.

June 12 _ _ __ J . K eith M ann, c h a irm a n of the B o ard , announced th a t the p a r t ie s had a g re e d to ex tend the n o -s tr ik e -n o - lo c k o u t co m m itm en t f ro m Ju ly 1 to Ju ly 23. The B o ard re q u e s te d th e ex ten tio n fo r tim e in w hich to p u rsu e the in q u iry and p re s e n t i ts f ind ings June 30.

June 27 ________ The B o ard announced th a t th e p a r t ie s had re a c h e d an a g re e m e n t and s ta te d th a t the p ro v is io n s w ould be su b m itted to IBEW m e m b e rs fo r r a tif ic a tio n .

Ju ly 5 __________ The NLRB m a ile d b a llo ts to the IBEW m e m b e rs .

Ju ly 18 A sp o k esm an fo r the NLRB announced in San F ra n c is c o th a t the e le c t r ic ia n s had vo ted to a c c e p t the c o n tra c t . 4

1 The dispute stemmed from a 1965 decision by the 1BEW to cease bargaining through the Metal Trades Council, which previously negotiated a single contract for all crafts employed at the shipyards. Consequently, the IBEW was not a party to a 3-year agreement reached in July 1965 between the association and member unions represented by the Council.

2 The sanctioned stoppage was preceded by a 2 -day strike October 11-12, called by union members to force their international officers and employer representatives tc resume negotiations.

3 Peak idleness of almost 10, 000 workers was reached in late January.4 The 1-year contract provided a 15-cent-an-hour wage increase effective July 1, 1967; an additional 5 cents, effective Jan. 1,

1968; a 4-cent-an-hour increase in employer contributions to pension or health and welfare funds, effective July 1, 1967; and provisions for a tool allowance or company-supplied tools. The association agreement with Carpenters, Machinists, and unions composing the Pacific Coast District Metal Trades Council was amended to provide additional wage increase to maintain parity with the IBEW. IBEW officials agreed to bargain jointly with other crafts in 1968, but stated that they would sign a separate agreement.


72

28. Aircraft—Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1967— The Avco Corp., Lycoming Division,Stratford, Conn. v. United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America (AFL—CIO)1

F e b ru a ry 1 3 ---- C om pany and un ion n e g o tia to rs m e t to d is c u s s new c o n tr a c t p ro p o s a ls su b m itte d by th e un ion. W ages and f r in g e b e n e f i ts , in c lu d in g su p p le m e n ta ry u n em p lo y m en t in s u ra n c e , w e re the is s u e s of m a jo r im p o rta n c e .N eg o tia tio n s con tinued th ro u g h M arch 14.

M arch 2 3 --------- *The two p a r t i e s c a lle d in S ta te and F e d e r a l m e d ia to r s to a s s i s t in th e n e g o tia tio n s . The m e d ia to rs m e t w ith com pany and un ion r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s th ro u g h A p ril 14; h o w ev e r, no s ig n if ic a n t p r o g r e s s w as re p o r te d .

A p ril 2

A p ril 1 3 ----------

M em b ers of UAW L o ca l 1010 adop ted a re so lu tio n "to em p o w er th e n e g o tia tin g c o m m itte e to c a ll a s t r ik e on A p ril 15, 1967, if no a c c e p ta b le a g r e e m e n t ,, in the op in ion of the c o m m itte e , h as b een a g re e d u p o n ."L ab o r S e c re ta ry W illa rd W irtz s e n t te le g ra m s to com pany and un ion r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s and the m e d ia to r s , re q u e s tin g th em to m e e t w ith h im in W ash in g ton , D. C. , A p ril 14.

A p ril 14 The two p a r t i e s m e t w ith S e c re ta ry W irtz , th e m e d ia to r s , and m e m b e rs of the S e c r e t a r y ^ s ta ff fo r s e v e r a l h o u rs . D u rin g th e m e e tin g s , th e com pany r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s a g re e d to p r e s e n t a c o u n te r -p ro p o s a l on su p p le m e n ta l u n em p lo y m en t in s u ra n c e and o th e r f r in g e b e n e fits .

A p ri l 1 5 ----------

A p ril 16

A p ril 17

S ta ting th a t the d isp u te th re a te n e d to r e s u l t in a s t r ik e th a t w ould , if p e r m itte d to o c c u r o r co n tin u e , im p e r i l the n a tio n a l s a fe ty , P r e s id e n t Jo h n so n invoked th e n a tio n a l e m e rg e n c y p ro v is io n s of th e T a f t -H a r t le y A ct and a p p o in ted a 3 -m e m b e r B o ard of In q u iry to in v e s tig a te . B o a rd m e m b e rs w e re the R ev e ren d L eo C. B row n, S. J . , of th e C e n te r f o r S o c ia l S tu d ie s , C a m b rid g e , M a ss . , c h a irm a n ; C lyde W. S u m m o rs , Y ale U n iv e rs ity ; and J . C. H ill, New Y ork a r b i t r a to r . A f te r no tify ing the p a r t i e s , the B o ard h e ld a h e a r in g in S tr a tfo rd , Conn. T h e ir r e p o r t to th e P r e s id e n t s ta te d th a t th e p a r t i e s had no t re a c h e d a m ee tin g of m in d s on m any is s u e s of m a jo r im p o rta n c e ; n o r had b a rg a in in g p ro c e e d e d to the p o in t w h e re the p a r t i e s had b een ab le to fo rm u la te a p r e c is e s ta te m e n t of th e ir d if fe re n c e s . The b o a rd concluded th a t "T h e re is e v e ry in d ic a tio n th a t a s e t t le m e n t of th is d isp u te w ill r e q u ire d iff icu lt and ex ten d ed n e g o tia tio n s . "M o re th an 2 ,0 0 0 em p lo y ees beg an leav in g th e i r jo b s , h a ltin g p ro d u c tio n of gas tu rb in e eng in es fo r h e l ic o p te r s .A fte r D efen se S e c re ta ry R o b e rt S. M cN am ara in fo rm e d th e P r e s id e n t th a t in te r ru p tio n of p ro d u c tio n a t Avco (w hich w as th e so le m a n u fa c tu re r of e n g in es fo r t r o o p - c a r r y in g h e l ic o p te r s ) w ould hav e s e r io u s c o n seq u en ces in V iet N am , P r e s id e n t Jo h n so n d ire c te d th e J u s t ic e D e p a rtm e n t to se e k an in ju n c tio n to h a l t the s t r ik e , u n d e r the n a tio n a l e m e rg e n c y p ro v is io n s of the T a f t -H a r t le y A ct.Ju d g e W illiam H. T im b e r s , of th e U .S . D is t r ic t C o u rt in New H av en , Conn. , is s u e d a 10 -day r e s t r a in in g o r d e r , h a ltin g th e s t r ik e . E m p lo y ees b eg an r e tu rn in g to w o rk on th e 3 p .m . sh ift.



28. Aircraft—Aerospace Industry Dispute, 1967— The Avco Corp*, Lycoming Division, Stratford, Conn. v. United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement

Workers of America (AFL—CIO jJ—Continued

7 3

A p ril 19----------- F e d e ra l and S ta te m e d ia to rs re su m e d th e ir e f fo r ts . They w e re jo in ed by R ev eren d B row n, c h a irm a n of the B o ard of Inqu iry .

A p ril 25----------- Judge T im b e rs ex tended the re s t ra in in g o r d e r to a p re l im in a ry 8 0 -d ay in ju n c tio n , r e tro a c t iv e to A p ril 17.

J une 7 -------------- The N a tio n a l L ab o r R e la tio n s B o ard s e t Ju n e 20 as the da te fo r the un io n ’s m e m b e rsh ip to vo te on the co m p an y 's f in a l o ffe r .

Ju n e 1 0 ------------ The UAW E x ecu tiv e B o ard u n an im o u sly reco m m en d ed th a t un ion m e m b e rs r e je c t the co m p an y ’s f in a l o ffe r , w hich did no t in c lu de su p p le m e n ta ry u n em p lo y m en t b e n e fits .

Ju n e 1 4 ------------ C om pany and union re p re s e n ta t iv e s m e t w ith m e m b e rs of the B o ard of Inqu iry to p r e s e n t s ta te m e n ts of th e ir r e sp e c tiv e p o s itio n s . F e d e ra l m e d ia to rs and r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s of NLRB a lso a tten d ed the m ee tin g .

Ju n e 1 6 ----------- In i ts secon d r e p o r t to the P re s id e n t , the B o ard su m m a riz e d the m e d ia tiv e e f fo r ts m ade to w ard se tt le m e n t of the d isp u te and re p o r te d th a t although m o s t n o neco no m ic is s u e s had been s e t t le d , no s ig n if ic a n t p r o g re s s has been m ade on the econ om ic is s u e s . Avco e s tim a te d the c o s t of i ts la s t o ffe r a t a p p ro x im a te ly 43 cen ts an h o u r. The B o ard a lso re p o r te d th a t although i t lack ed d a ta fo r a r e lia b le e s tim a te of the m ag n itu d e of th e d iffe re n c e s b e tw een the c o s ts of the u n io n 's re q u e s ts and the e m p lo y e r ’s la s t o f fe r , the d iffe re n c e w as su b s ta n tia l .

June 20 ---------- - Union m e m b e rs re je c te d the co m p an y 's o ffe r in the b a llo tin g conducted by the N LRB.

Jun e 2 7 ------------ B ecau se no s e tt le m e n t w as in s ig h t, U n d e r s e c re ta ry of L ab o r J a m e s J . R eynolds c a lle d union and m an ag em en t o ffic ia ls to W ashington aga in . The p a r t ie s m e t w ith D efen se and L ab o r D e p a rtm e n t o f f ic ia ls , and , on Ju n e 28, announced th a t th ey had re a c h e d an a g re e m e n t.

Ju ly 3--------------- The a g re e m e n t w as ra tif ie d by m e m b e rs of UAW L o ca l 1010, and s u b s e qu en tly by m e m b e rs of L o ca l 37 6. 2

1 The dispute involved members o f UAW Local 1010, representing production and m aintenence workers; and Local 376, representing o ffice and tech n ica l workers.

2 Terms o f both agreem ents were sim ilar— a 3-year contract provided for an im m ed iate wage increase averaging 18 cents an hour (including 10 cents retroactive to April 16), and increases in 1968 and 1969, averaging 17 cents and 18 cents, respectively . An additional 10 cents was provided for sk illed workers, and night-shift differentials were increased. Pensions were increased from $2. 70 to $4 a month for each year's credited service, e ffec tiv e Jan. 1, 1968, and to $4. 75 Jan. 1, 1969. Other pension improvem ents included vesting after 10 years' service instead o f age 40, and com pany-paid hospital-surgical insurance for present retirees. The settlem ent also provided for liberalizations in sick leave and health and w elfare provisions, including h osp ita l-m ed ica l benefits; a SUB plan replaced the Extended Layoff Benefits plan.


7 4

29. S tev ed o r in g In d u stry D isp u te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 — In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n ’s A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o r in g C om p a n ies

Ju ly 10, 1 9 6 8 ..................... N eg o tia tion s to re p la c e the 4 -y e a r c o n tra c t ex p ir in g S ep tem b er 30, 1968, w ere opened by the In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o re m e n ’s A sso c ia tio n (ILA) and the New Y ork Shipping A sso c ia tio n (NYSA). The ILA p r o p o sed a 2 -y e a r a g re e m e n t w ith p ro v is io n s to app ly u n ifo rm ly to the 5 m a jo r N o rth A tlan tic C o ast P o r ts . 1 The u n ifo rm dem an ds would e lim in a te the p ra c tic e of s im u ltan eo u s load ing and un load ing of co n ta in e r sh ip s , g ra n t ex c lu s iv e r ig h ts to pack and unpack c o n ta in e rs loaded aw ay fro m the p ie r s , ex cep t th o se w ith a “m a n u fa c tu re rs la b e l,* 2 and e s ta b lish a s ta n d a rd w ork gang of 17 m en. 3 The dem ands a lso included a $2.38 p e r hour wage in c re a s e , a 6 -h o u r w orkday , an in c re a s e of $125 in the m onthly p en sio n b en e fits , a g u a ran teed annual incom e equ iv a len t to 2,040 h o u rs 'w o rk a t s tr a ig h t- t im e r a t e s , 4 and l ib e ra liz e d w e lfa re , vaca tio n , and ho liday b e n e fits .

A ugust 7 ---------------------- The NYSA o ffe red a 48 cen ts p e r h o u r, 4 -y e a r c o n tra c t p ack ag e , s ta tin g th a t it w as a u th o riz ed to n eg o tia te only on the p ro v is io n s in the “m a s te r a g re e m e n t” fo r the N orth A tlan tic D is tr ic t and fo r a co n ta in e r p ro v is io n fo r B a ltim o re . (P h ilad e lp h ia and B oston w ere no t on the sa ilin g sched u les of c o n ta in e r sh ip s .)

A ugust 22----------------------- A 1 -y e a r ex ten sio n of the c o n tra c t, includ ing a 3 5 -c e n t-a n -h o u r package to be a llo ca ted by the ILA, w as p ro p o sed by the NYSA to p rov id e add ition a l tim e to study the. p ro b le m s of w o rk e r s e c u r ity . In add ition , em p lo y e rs in New Y ork, B a ltim o re , and H am pton R oads o ffe red a new co n ta in e r c la u se th a t would p e rm it IL A m e m b e rs to s tr ip and load c o n ta in e rs th a t had been co n so lid a ted in the p o r t a r e a fro m le s s than fu ll- lo a d lo ts .

A ugust 2 7 ----------------------- ILA n e g o tia to rs re je c te d the p ro p o sa l to ex tend the c o n tra c t and su g g ested a 38- c e n t-a n -h o u r-w a g e in c re a s e fo r a 6 -h o u r day. Union dem ands con cern in g c o n ta in e rs w ere no t changed.

A ugust 29_______________ N eg o tia to rs a g re e d to r e fe r the m a tte r of p en sio n s to a sp e c ia l c o m m itte e . The union had p ro p o sed $300 a m onth p en sio n , pay ab le a t age 50, a f te r 20 y e a rs in the in d u s try . In add ition , the un ion re q u e s te d th a t p a s t s e rv ic e fo r p en sio n b en efits be fu lly funded w ith in 10 y e a r s .

A ugust 3 1 ---------------------- The ILA announced a t a b arg a in in g s tra te g y m ee tin g in M iam i th a t conven tional c a rg o sh ip s , but no t c o n ta in e r sh ip s , would be w orked should the p a r t ie s fa il to re a c h a g re e m e n t by S ep tem b er 30.

S ep tem b er 4 ----------------- On re su m p tio n of n eg o tia tio n s in New Y ork, the NYSA p ro p o sed , and the union re je c te d , a $275 a m onth p en sio n a t age 62 a f te r 25 y e a r s ’ s e rv ic e .

S ep tem b er 9 ----------------- E m p lo y e rs p re se n te d a new o ffe r: a 2 -y e a r package w ith a 3 3 -cen t wage in c re a s e and 2 5 -c e n t-a n -h o u r p en sio n and w e lfa re co n trib u tio n th a t would have p e rm itte d a $300 a m onth pen sio n a t age 62.

See foo tno tes a t end of tab le .


29. S tevedoring In d u s try D ispute, A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1968-69 — In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o rem en ’s A sso c ia tio n (A FL-CIO ) v. Shipping

and S tevedoring C om panies —C ontinued

7 5

S ep tem b er 9 —C o n tin u e d --------------------

A stoppage be gain in B oston over em p lo y er dem ands th a t union fu rn ish fu ll-s iz e d gangs.

S ep tem b er 1 5 ---- ------ The NYSA ten ta tiv e ly p ro p o sed a g u a ran tee of 2,080 hour s 'w o rk in exchange fo r the freed o m to au tom ate o p e ra tio n s and to a s s ig n longsh o rem en to jo bs. The 2 ho u rs of t r a v e l tim e paid in m oving fro m one a re a of the p o rt to an o th e r w as e lim in a ted . The union re je c te d the o ffe r, and neg o tia tion s w ere d iscon tin ued u n til S ep tem ber 25.

S ep tem b er 2 0 --------------- The execu tive b o a rd of the ILA voted to s tr ik e O ctober 1, if no con t r a c t was concluded. A g reem en t was reach ed to end the B oston p o rt stoppage.

S ep tem b er 2 4 --------------- P re s id e n t Lyndon B. Johnson a ss ig n ed Ja m e s R eynolds, U nder S ecr e ta r y of L ab o r, to a s s i s t in m ed ia tin g the d ispu te . At th is s tag e , only w ages, p en s io n s , and the gu a ran teed annual incom e had been d isc u sse d . The p ro b lem s of e s ta b lish in g an indu stry w ide co n ta in e r iz a tio n p ro v is io n had not been app ro ached .

S ep tem b er 2 6 -------------- T hom as W. G leason , In te rn a tio n a l P re s id e n t of the ILA, s ta te d th a t the em p lo y e rs re p re se n te d by the NYSA m u s t e ith e r le t the ILA load and unload c o n ta in e rs , or pay a ro y a lty th a t w as adequate to finance a pen sio n and w elfa re p lan the union co n s id e re d s a tis fa c to ry . P a y m en ts to th e se funds had been based on h o u rs w orked. B ecause of co n s id e ra b le sav ings in m an -h o u rs p o ss ib le w ith co n ta in e r sh ip s, the union m ain ta in ed th a t ho u rly pension and w elfare co n trib u tio n s would have to be m uch h ig h er to finance th ese ben efits a t c u r re n t le v e ls . The NYSA had p ro p o sed th a t the ILA load and un load co n ta in e r s co n so lid a ted w ith in the im m ed ia te p o rt a re a . F e a r in g th a t co n ta in e r con so lida ting o p e ra tio n s would be opened ou tside the p o rt a r e a , the ILA re je c te d th is p ro p o sa l.

S ep tem b er 3 0 --------------- The P re s id e n t s ta ted th a t a stoppage would im p e r il the na tio na l h ea lth and sa fe ty and, p u rsu a n t to Section 206 of the L ab o r-M an ag e m ent R e la tio ns A ct, appointed a B oard of In q u iry .5 David L. C ole, fo rm e r D ire c to r of the F e d e ra l M ediation and C o ncilia tion S e rv ice , was d esig n a ted ch a irm an . The o ther two m e m b e rs w ere P e te r Seitz and the Rt. Rev. M sgr. G eorge H iggins.In New Y ork, n e g o tia to rs m et w ithout su c c e ss in a fin a l e ffo rt to avoid a s tr ik e . Dock w o rk e rs in New Y ork began leav ing th e ir jobs befo re the m idnigh t dead line .

O ctob er 1 ---------------------- About 46,000 w o rk e rs w ere involved d ire c t ly in the s tr ik e .The B oard of Inqu iry m et in New York w ith em p lo y er and union r e p re se n ta t iv e s . L a te r , the B oard re p o r te d to the P re s id e n t th a t

See footnote at end of tab le .


7 6

29. S tevedoring In d u s try D ispu te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1968-69 — In te rn a tio n a l L ongshorem en*s A sso c ia tio n (A FL-C IO ) v. Shipping


O ctob er 1 —C o n tin u e d ------------------

th e re w ere “two o v e rr id in g is s u e s , and the fa ilu re to re so lv e th ese has p rev en ted the p a r t ie s f ro m reach in g a g re e m e n t on o th e r i t e m s . "

T hese w ere unionw ide c o lle c tiv e b a rg a in in g 6 and the p ro b le m s of c o n ta in e r iza tio n . The P re s id e n t re q u e s te d the A tto rney G en e ra l to seek an end to the s tr ik e . S ho rtly a f te r 7 p .m ., Judge S y lv e s te r Ryan of the U.S. D is tr ic t C o urt fo r the S ou thern D is tr ic t fo r New Y ork is su e d a te m p o ra ry r e s t ra in in g o rd e r and s e t O c to b er 9 a s the date fo r h ea r in g s on a 60 -day in junction . T hom as W. G leason , P re s id e n t of the ILA, in d ica ted th a t due to the la te n e s s of the o rd e r , ending the stoppage the nex t day would be im p o ss ib le .

O ctob er 3 ------------------- W ork w as re su m e d a t a ll p o r ts .O c to b er 9 _____________ A ru lin g on the re q u e s t fo r an in ju nction w as pu t off to O ctob er 15.

The re s t ra in in g o rd e r con tinued in e ffec t.O ctob er 16------------------ Judge Ryan is su e d a 60-day in ju nction p ro h ib itin g a s tr ik e by lo n g

sh o rem en u n til 7:05 p .m . D ecem b er 20.O ctob er 30------------------ F o rm a l n eg o tia tio n s re su m e d fo r the f i r s t tim e sin ce S ep tem b er 30;

the ILA dem anded th a t the basic c o n ta in e r iz a tio n and job se c u r ity p ro v is io n s apply equally to a ll A tlan tic and Gulf p o r ts . The NYSA’s o ffe r of a 2 ,080 -h ou r g u a ran teed annual wage w as a lso a p ro b lem . In New Y ork, the o ffe r w as con tingen t on the im p o sitio n of p e n a lt ie s on w o rk e rs who re fu se d to w ork beyond th e ir n o rm a l w ork a re a ; in o th e r p o r ts , e m p lo y e rs fe lt th a t th ey could not a ffo rd the g u a ra n te e .

O ctob er 3 1 ------------------ New J e r s e y d o ck w o rk ers s tru c k , p r im a r i ly a t co n ta in e r load ing s i te s . They dem anded th a t the co n ta in e r ro y a lty pay m en ts be d iv ided am ong the w o rk e rs as a bonus.

N ovem ber 1 --------------- The NYSA p ro p o sed a 3 -y e a r , $1 .01-a n -h o u r c o n tra c t, includ ing wage in c re a s e s up to 63 cen ts p e r h o u r; and 38 ce n ts fo r p en sio n and w e lfa re funds, th e re b y allow ing a $300 m onth ly p en sio n a t 62. D etailed h ir in g and incom e g u aran tee c o n tra c t c la u se s a lso w ere p re se n te d . The union announced th a t it would re p ly N ovem ber 6.

N ovem ber 4 --------------- The U.S. A tto rn e y ’s O ffice in New Y ork o rd e re d an in v e s tig a tio n to d e te rm in e if the w ildca t s tr ik e in New J e r s e y w as in v io la tio n of the in ju nction ob tained u n d er the T a ft-H a rt le y A ct. The w o rk e rs re tu rn e d to th e ir jobs the nex t day.

N ovem ber 6 --------------- D is sa tis f ie d by the fa ilu re to neg o tia te a sing le N o rth A tlan tic D is t r i c t a g re e m e n t, by the s ize of the m oney pack age , and by the r e ti re m e n t p ro v is io n s , the In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o rem en ’s A sso c ia tio n re je c te d the NYSA offe r of N ovem ber 1.

See footnote a t end of tab le .


7 7

29. S tevedoring In d u s try D ispu te, A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 —In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o rem en ’s A sso c ia tio n (A FL-CIO ) v. Shipping


N ovem ber 30 The B oard of Inqu iry re p o r te d to the P re s id e n t th a t the p o sitio n s of the p a r t ie s had not changed sin ce the f i r s t r e p o r t , and th a t none of the is su e s had been re so lv ed .

D ecem b er 2 T hom as G leason recom m ended th a t w o rk e rs r e je c t the o ffe rs sub m itted by the em ployer a sso c ia tio n s fo r the N orth A tlan tic D is tr ic t.

D ecem b er 5

D ecem b er 10

D ecem b er 11

D ecem b er 12

D ecem b er 16

D ecem b er 17

W o rk ers in South A tlan tic C o ast p o r ts began 2 days of voting on the e m p lo y e r’s la s t o ffe r.L on g sh o rem en in the N orth A tlan tic D is tr ic t (from H am pton R oads, V a., to S e a rsp o r t , M aine) voted on the e m p lo y e r’s la s t o ffe rs .The NLRB announced th a t lo n g sh o rem en had voted ap p ro x im a te ly 1 5 to 1 to r e je c t the f in a l em p lo y er o ffe r.B argain in g re su m ed fo r the f i r s t tim e sin ce N ovem ber 6 am id re p o r ts th a t the le a d e rs of the O ctob er 31-N ov em ber 5 w ildca t s tr ik e in New J e r s e y w ere ca lling fo r a slowdown. All p o rts w ere rep o rtin g w orking a t “fu ll em ploym ent.*’A ten ta tiv e o ra l 3 -y e a r ag re e m e n t w as re p o r te d to have been reach ed fo r the N o rth A tlan tic D is tr ic t. The c o n tra c t p rov id ed fo r the r ig h t to open and rep ack a ll co n ta in e rs b ea rin g con so lida ted c a rg o e s loaded w ith in fifty m ile s of New Y ork. It a lso included a g u a ran teed annual wage of 2,080 h o u rs . The o ffer included a $1.60 in c re a s e in w ages and sup p lem en ta l b en efits over 3 y e a r s ; th e se changes would r a is e h o u rly r a te s to $4.60 and p rov id e a $250 m onthly pen sio n a t 55 a f te r 20 y e a r s , o r $300 a m onth a t 62 a f te r 25 y e a rs of s e rv ic e . C hanges in the w ork ru le s w ere to be neg o tia ted .The union barg a in in g co m m ittee fo r the N o rth A tlan tic D is tr ic t r e

je c te d the ten ta tiv e o ffe r, p r im a r i ly b ecau se of the in ab ility to ach ieve an ag re e m e n t fo r the e n tire N o rth A tlan tic D is tr ic t. A lthough the co n ta in e r p ro v is io n p ro te c te d New Y ork d o ck w o rk ers , i t did not p re v e n t f re ig h t fo rw a rd e rs in o th e r p o rts fro m shipping th rough New Y ork, causing a d e c re a se in em ploym en t in th e se p o r ts . P h i ladelph ia and B oston lo n g sh o rem en r e p re se n ta t iv e s a lso a ttack ed the p ro v is io n th a t s ta ted : “the m en w ill w ork in any p o rt w hich has an a g re e m e n t on the m a s te r c o n tra c t and lo ca l con d itio ns, and th a t the union po licy of ’one p o rt down, a ll p o r ts down’ sh a ll no t be a p p lie d .”

D ecem ber 18 B argain in g continued over the is s u e s of co n ta in e r iz a tio n and su p p le m e n ta ry b en e fits . E m p lo y e rs in the p o r ts of P h ilad e lp h ia and B oston, w hich did not have co n ta in e r f a c i l i t ie s , w ere unw illing to


7 8

29. S tev ed o rin g In d u stry D isp u te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 — In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n 's A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o rin g C om p a n ies —C ontinued

D ecem b er 18 — C o n tin u e d -------------------

offe r the sam e p ro v is io n s as New Y ork , H am pton R oads, and B a ltim o re . They contended th a t the im p ro v ed su p p lem en ta ry b en efits w ere to be pa id fo r by in c re a s e d p ro d u c tiv ity a ttr ib u ta b le to a u to m ation .

D ecem b er 20 N egotia tions ended in the a fte rn o o n w ithout a g re e m e n t, and the stoppage of 46,000 m en w as re su m e d a t 7:05 p .m . w hen the in ju n c tion ex p ired . 7

D ecem b er 2 1 ---------------- The P h ilad e lp h ia M arine T rad e A sso c ia tio n and the B oston Shipping A sso c ia tio n is su e d a s ta te m e n t ch a rg in g the NYSA and the ILA w ith an a ttem p t to “usurp** the r ig h ts of lo c a l p o rts b eca u se the New Y ork b arg a in in g a u th o rity fo r them co v e re d only the “b a s ic wage in c re a s e and co n trib u tio n s to w e lfa re and p en sio n funds but not the b en efits to be d e riv ed th e re f ro m , b as ic w ork ing day, and te r m of the agreem ent.** The two em p lo y er a s so c ia tio n s ob jec ted to NYSA o ffe rs on vaca tio n and ho liday pay, the g u a ran teed annual w age, and co n ta in e r r e s t r ic t io n s . They in d ica ted th a t the NYSA could co m m it them fo r only $1.44 of the o ffe r, and th a t the rem a in in g 16 c e n ts , r e p re se n tin g v aca tio n and ho liday pay , had to be n eg o tia ted lo ca lly . The B a ltim o re S team sh ip T rad e A sso c ia tio n in d ica ted th a t if any o th e r em p lo y er a s so c ia tio n s re je c te d the c o n tra c t, it would be fo rc e d to do so a lso .

D ecem b er 23---------------- N ego tia tions re su m e d in New Y ork. The ILA dem anded th a t the “m a s te r contract** spec ify th a t a re a so n a b le g u a ran teed annual in com e be n eg o tia ted in the o th e r p o r ts . E ffo r ts to s ta r t lo c a l n eg o tia tio n s in P h ilad e lp h ia , B a ltim o re , and H am pton R oads fa iled , in p a r t , b ecau se union le a d e rs w ere in New Y ork. In B oston , the p a r t ie s a g re e d to m ee t in an a tte m p t to p rod uce the f i r s t s igned a g re e m e n t in 10 y e a r s .

D ecem b er 2 4 ---------------- At the m ee tin g in B oston, the Shipping A sso c ia tio n n o tified m e d ia to rs th a t it would p a r tic ip a te only to n eg o tia te a lo c a l c o n tra c t.

J a n u a ry 3, 1969----- ----- . New Y ork lo n g sh o rem en and sh ip p e rs m e t in an a tte m p t to re so lv e two m a jo r lo ca l is s u e s : the ju r is d ic t io n of the ILA in s tr ip p in g and loading c o n ta in e rs , and the h irin g p r a c t ic e s u n d e r the g u a ran teed annual incom e p lan . The n eg o tia tio n s ended in d is a g re e m e n t and w ere r e c e s s e d in d e fin ite ly , su b jec t to r e c a l l by the m e d ia to r .

Ja n u a ry 7 _____________ R ep o rted ly , a t a fu ll m ee tin g of the New Y ork Shipping A sso c ia tio n , the m e m b e rs au th o riz ed the lab o r po licy co m m ittee to w ith d raw the e n tire o ffe r and seek W ashington in te rv en tio n . The nex t day the NYSA app ealed to the P re s id e n t to r e f e r the dock s tr ik e to C o n g re ss , a s p rov id ed u n d er Sec. 210 of the T a ft-H a rtle y A ct.

Ja n u a ry 9--------------------- A m ee tin g of top union and m an ag em en t o ffic ia ls con tinued to J a n u a ry 10. A g reem en t w as re a c h e d on the co n ta in e r c la u se and on h ir in g p ra c t ic e s u n d er the gu a ran teed annual incom e p lan .

See footnote a t end of tab le .


29. S tev ed o rin g In d u stry D isp u te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1 9 68 -6 9 — In tern a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n s A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o rin g C om p an ies —C ontinued

79

Jan u ary 12______ ____ The fu ll union and m anagem en t b arg a in in g co m m ittees m e t to rev iew the w ritte n c o n tra c t, including the p ro v is io n s a g re e d to the p rev io u s day. The union co m m ittee un an im o usly accep ted the new co n ta in e r c la u se , w hich p ro te c te d lo ca l p o rts fro m the th re a t of lo sing w ork to New Y o rk ,8 and re tu rn e d to th e ir hom e p o r ts .

Jan u a ry 14------------------ A ten ta tiv e a g re e m e n t was reach ed fo r the P o r t of New Y ork, but r a tif ic a tio n by the m em b ersh ip w as d e fe r re d pending se ttle m e n t in o th er p o r ts . B esid es the co n ta in e r c lau se accep ted Ja n u a ry 12, the $1.60 w ag e -su p p lem en ta ry benefit package , and the pen sio n p lan o ffe red D ecem b er 16, the ag re e m e n t included the annual gu aran tee of 2,080 h o u r s ’ pay a t s tra ig h t- t im e r a te s . T ra v e l pay would not be paid to w o rk e rs h ire d a f te r the a g re e m e n t went in to effec t (O ctober 1, 1968).N ego tia tions re su m e d in B oston, B a ltim o re , and H am pton R oads. In P h ilad e lp h ia , the union dem anded the e n tire New York c o n tra c t. The sh ip p e rs ag re e d to the sam e wage r a te s and su p p lem en ta ry benefit co n trib u tio n s as New Y ork, but m ain ta in ed th a t they would not pay the in c re a se d v aca tio n c o s ts . They a lso re je c te d the in c re a se d g u a ran teed annual incom e p lan .

Ja n u a ry 16 ------------------ N ego tia tions began in M iam i fo r South A tlan tic p o rts fro m M orehead, N .C ., to Key W est, F la . In G alveston , w here b a rga in ing re su m e d fo r a c o n tra c t co v erin g W est Gulf P o r ts , ta lk s broke off when the em p lo y e rs did not m ake a m oney o ffe r.

Ja n u a ry 2 2 -------- - T alks in New O rlean s w ere d iscon tinued a f te r the sh ip p e rs o ffe red a $1.07 package and dem anded a d e c re a se in the s ize of c rew s loading g ra in sh ips.

Ja n u a ry 2 3 -------- - - The IDA w as w arned by the NYSA th a t it m ight be in v io la tio n of the T a ft-H a rtle y A ct if it re fu se d to p lace the c o n tra c t b e fo re its m e m b e rs fo r ra tif ic a tio n .

M anagem ent in P h ilad e lp h ia offe red th re e c o n tra c t op tions: (1) the $1.60 package , including $1.44 fo r w ages, pen sio ns and w e lfa re , and the rem ain in g 16 cen ts fo r “w h atev er it would buy” in the way of add ition al v aca tio n s and ho lidays; (2) the sam e ben efits as in New Y ork, but changes in the w ork ru le s design ed to reduce lab o r c o s ts ; or (3) subsequen t n eg o tia tio n s on the vaca tio n p lan . The union declin ed a ll th re e op tions.N eg o tia to rs fo r South A tlan tic p o rts re ach ed ten ta tiv e se ttlem en t on lo ca l is s u e s and ag reed th a t w ages, su p p lem en ta ry b en efits , annual wage g u a ra n te e s , and the co n ta in e r c lau se would follow the New O rlean s p a tte rn .

See footnote a t end of ta b le .


80

29. S tev ed o rin g In d u stry D isp u te , A tla n tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 — In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n 's A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o r in g C om panie s — C ontinued

Ja n u a ry 23— C ontinued

T alk s re su m e d in G alveston fo r W est Gulf p o r ts . E m p lo y e rs w ere re lu c ta n t to d isc u ss m oney u n til som e a g re e m e n t w as re a c h e d on changing w ork ru le s .

Ja n u a ry 26--------------------- N eg o tia to rs in B a ltim o re re a c h e d a g re e m e n t on ho liday and v aca tio n b en e fits , but the un ion re je c te d the em p lo y er s* o ffe r of a g u a ran teed 1 ,800-hours* w ork .

Ja n u a ry 29 B ecause of p ro b lem s in P h ilad e lp h ia and New O rle a n s , the execu tive cou ncil of the ILA m e t in New O rle a n s in an a tte m p t to co o rd in a te b a rg a in in g and concluded by re q u e s tin g the P re s id e n t to “in s is t" th a t the Gulf em p lo y er a s so c ia tio n s in c re a s e th e ir o ffe r f ro m $1.07 to $1.60.

F e b ru a ry 1 ------------------ N eg o tia to rs in H am pton R oads re a c h e d a g re e m e n t on a g u a ran teed annual incom e of $6,800 fo r qualify ing w o rk e rs in 1969-70 and $7,820 in 1970-71 c o n tra c t y e a r s .

F e b ru a ry 2 ------------------- A te n ta tiv e a g re e m e n t, p rov id ing fo r pay in c re a s e s of $1.60 an hour o v er the life of the c o n tra c t, w as re a c h e d in New O rle a n s . It r e q u ired th a t n eg o tia tio n s on a g u a ran teed annual incom e beg in 90 days a f te r ra tif ic a tio n , and th a t the s ize of the w ork gang no t be red u ced du ring th a t p e r io d . The c o n ta in e r p ro v is io n s e lim in a ted two c la u se s of the New Y ork a g re e m e n t, thus p e rm itt in g c o n ta in e rs co n so lid a ted in o th e r p o r ts to m ove th ro u g h New O rle a n s w ithout rep ack in g , and a lso re q u ir in g a rb i t ra t io n of d is a g re e m e n ts ov er the handling of c o n ta in e rs . (T hese chan ges re f le c t the d iffe re n t p ra c t ic e s in the two p o r ts b e fo re n eg o tia tio n s began in Ju ly . See footnote 2.)

F e b ru a ry 3 ------------------ David L . Cole w as a sk ed by S e c re ta ry of L ab o r G eorge P . Shultz to re su m e o v e r -a l l d ire c tio n of the m ed ia tio n ac tiv ity . M r. Cole had not been involved since the a g re e m e n t w as re a c h e d in New Y ork.T hom as G leason in d ica ted th a t the New O rle a n s co n ta in e r c la u se w as u n accep tab le to the In te rn a tio n a l. ILA South A tlan tic and Gulf D is tr ic t o ffic ia ls re fu se d to reo p en n eg o tia tio n s.

F ro m M iam i, the execu tive b o a rd of the T e a m s te rs te le g ra p h e d ILA and the p o r t em p lo y er a s so c ia tio n s th a t the new a g re e m e n t would not be a llow ed to rem o ve w ork f ro m the T e a m s te r ju r isd ic t io n . 9

F e b ru a ry 4 ---------- ----- — New Y ork Shipping A sso c ia tio n m e m b e rs a g re e d to w ith d raw the u n ra tif ie d c o n tra c t of Ja n u a ry 14 if w o rk e rs did not r e tu r n sh o rtly .N e g o tia to rs in P h ilad e lp h ia re a c h e d a g re e m e n t on the wage and su p p lem en ta ry p ack age , and co n ta in e r p ro v is io n s and b ecam e the fo u rth m a jo r p o rt to do so. H ow ever, e lig ib ility fo r a fifth and s ix th w eek of v aca tio n and un ion dem ands to e lim in a te the “s e t b ack "10 c lau se p rev e n te d a g re e m e n t.

See foo tno tes a t end of tab le .


29* S tev ed o rin g In d u stry D isp u te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a sts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 — In tern ation a l L o n g sh o r e m e n ’s A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o rin g C om p an ies —C ontinued

81

F e b ru a ry 4 —C o n tin u e d -------------------

N ego tia tions re su m e d in G alveston; the sh ip p e rs m atch ed the New Orleans* m oney o ffe r, but the lo n g sh o rem en dem anded the New Y ork c o n ta in e r p ro v is io n .

F e b ru a ry 7 Seeking a ra tif ic a tio n v o te ,11 the New York Shipping A sso c ia tio n filed an u n fa ir lab o r p ra c tic e su it ag a in s t the ILA.

F e b ru a ry 8 ---- --------- At a m ee tin g of the execu tive council of the ILA in H ouston, New O rle a n s ' union o ffic ia ls p ro m ise d to a ttem p t to reopen n eg o tia tion s on the co n ta in e r c lau se .

F e b ru a ry 1 1 ----— - - The NLRB p e tition ed the U.S. D is tr ic t C o urt fo r the Sou thern D is t r i c t of New Y ork to o rd e r the lo n g sh o rem en to re tu rn to w ork inthe P o r t of New Y ork. Judge F . X. M cGohey, denying the re q u e s t , o rd e re d the ILA to hold an e lec tio n by F e b ru a ry 14, but allow ed the NLRB to re tu rn to the c o u rt if w ork w as not re su m ed .

F e b ru a ry 1 4 ---------------- L o n gsho rem en in New Y ork ra tif ie d the ag re e m e n t 9,328 to 3,213.

F e b ru a ry 1 5 __ ____ W ork w as re su m ed in New Y ork.

F e b ru a ry 17---------- The NLRB p e titio n ed the F e d e ra l D is tr ic t C o urt in New O rlean s to o rd e r lo n g sh o rem en in New O rlean s to r e tu rn to w ork.

F e b ru a ry 1 8 --------------- T en ta tiv e a g re e m e n t w as reach ed fo r M iam i. M ost o th e r South A tlan tic p o r ts a lso re a c h e d a g reem en t.

F e b ru a ry 1 9 ---------------- Judge F re d e r ic k J. R. H eebe o rd e re d five ILA lo c a ls in New O rlean s to vote on the c o n tra c t F e b ru a ry 21. A c h e c k e rs and c le rk s lo ca l had not re ach ed a g re e m e n t on a co n ta in e r c lau se .

S h ippers and union o ffic ia ls in B a ltim o re announced ten ta tiv e a g r e e m ent, a lso to be sub m itted fo r ra tif ic a tio n on F e b ru a ry 21. The c o n tra c t included a g u a ran teed annual incom e of 1,800 h o u rs .

F e b ru a ry 20---------------- A g reem en t w as re a c h e d in P h ilad e lp h ia , p rov id ing fo r a fifth and six th w eek of v aca tio n fo r lo n g sh o rem en who w orked 1,600 h o u rs in 10 of the p a s t 12 y e a r s . The c o n tra c t e lim in a ted the “ se t-b ack * p ro v is io n , and the co n ta in e r p ro v is io n a llow ed packing and unpacking of co n so lid a ted c o n ta in e rs th a t w ere lo ca l in o rig in o r d es tin a tio n . The gu a ran teed annual wage w as in c re a se d to 1,800 h o u rs . R a tif ica tion w as se t fo r the 23d.W o rk ers in M iam i and P o r t E v e rg la d e s ra tif ie d th e ir c o n tra c t.

See footnote at end of tab le .


82

29. S tev ed o rin g In d u stry D isp u te , A tlan tic and Gulf C o a s ts , 1 9 6 8 -6 9 — In te rn a tio n a l L o n g sh o r e m e n 's A s so c ia t io n (A F L -C IO ) v . Shipping

and S tev ed o rin g C om p a n ies —C ontinued

F e b ru a ry 21-------------- L o n gsho rem en in New O rle a n s , H am pton R oads, and B a ltim o rera tif ie d c o n tra c ts and re tu rn e d to w ork the nex t day. Fo llow ing the con clu sion of th e se s e tt le m e n ts , lo n g sh o rem en in South A tlan tic and Gulf p o r ts w ere exp ected to r e tu rn to w ork sh o rtly . 12

F e b ru a ry 23------------- P h ilad e lp h ia lo n g sh o rem en ra tif ie d th e ir a g re e m e n t and re su m e dw ork F e b ru a ry 25.

A p ril 12 The la s t p o r t a g re e m e n t w as concluded . 13

1 The New York Shipping Association is authorized to bargain for New York, Baltimore, Boston, Hampton Roads, and Philadelphia with respect to wages, hours, em ployer contributions to the welfare and pension funds, and the term o f the agreem ent. S ettlem ents on these issues, generally referred to as the "master contract, " are then incorporated into loca l agreements in these ports. Negotiations on working conditions, holidays, vacations, and other matters are conducted on the loca l lev e l. Boston, however, had not had a signed agreem ent since 1959. The agreements for the remainder of the North A tlantic District and the South A tlantic and Gulf Districts follow the general North A tlantic Coast pattern.

2 New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia ports had royalty clauses on containers since 1960, 1961, and 1967, respectively. The royalties were 35 cents per gross ton for conventional ships, 70 cents for partially automated ships, and $1 for autom ated or containerized ships. Establishment of a container fund in Boston was delayed because of jurisdictional problems betw een the ILA and the Teamsters.

Although containers had been stripped in North A tlantic ports when the ILA found more than 1 b ill-o f-la d in g on a container, no suc^ action had occurred in South Atlantic and Gulf ports.

New York had 17-m an gangs under the current agreement.4 New York had a 1, 600-hour, and Philadelphia a 1,500-hour guarantee.3 This stoppage marked the seventh tim e that Atlantic Coast longshoremen were involved in a "national em ergency" dispute.

6 During the 1956 contract renegotiations, the ILA was enjoined from insisting on industrywide bargaining. In appeals to thecourts during the next year, the injunction was upheld, and a trial exam iner of the NLRB ruled that the insistance upon industrywide bargaining was an unfair labor practice.

This stoppage marked the sixth tim e that an East Coast stevedoring industry strike had occurred or had been resumed after an 80 -day "cooling-off" period.

8 The new master clause read: "Containers owned or leased by em ployer-m em bers (including containers on wheels) containingLTL /le s s than truckload lotS7 loads or consolidated full-container loads, which are destined for or com e from, any person (including a consolidator who stuffs containers of outbound cargo or a distributor who strips containers of inbound cargo and including a forwarder, who is either a consolidator of outcargo or a distributor of inbound cargo) who is not the b en eficia l owner of the cargo, and which either com es from or is destined to any point within a 5 0 -m ile radius of any North A tlantic District port shall be stuffed and stripped by ILA labor at longshore rates on a waterfront under the terms and conditions of the General Cargo Agreem ent. " The New York T im es. January 13, 1969, p. 93. In addition, disagreement over the handling of a container was not arbitrable.

The ILA and the Teamsters had met occasionally to discuss jurisdiction, but no agreem ent had been announced.10 When a ship fa iled to arrive on tim e, longshoremen’s work schedules were changed from 7:30 a .m . to 1:00 p. m. under the

"set-back" clause, which also provided pay for 1 hour in the morning and a 4-hour guarantee in the afternoon. In this situation, other port agreements provided 4 hours’ reporting pay and permitted longshoremen to take another job in the afternoon. Philadelphia dockworkers struck over this issue in 1967.

11 In the 1964-65 negotiations, the contract was ratified in New York and New Orleans shortly after agreem ent was reached, but the longshoremen did not return to work. The NYSA and New Orleans Steamship A ssociation successfully filed suits to require the groups to return to work.

12 Longshoremen at Jacksonville, F la . , M obile, A la . , and Baton Rouge, L a ., and West Gulf ports did not return to work at that tim e. However, work was resumed in M obile on February 25 and at Jacksonville on March 1. The West Gulf ports and Baton Rouge, where dockworkers demanded the New York container clause rather than the one for New Orleans, did not return to work until April 2 and March 14, respectively. Operations were resumed in Beaumont, Orange, and Port Arthur, April 13.

13 Work was not resumed in New England ports until March. At Boston, where employers demanded concessions in work rules in exchange for higher wages, benefits, container clause, and guaranteed annual w age, work was resumed April 2.


Appendix A

L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s A ct, 1947, as A m ended by P u b lic Law 8 6 -2 5 7 , 1959

N a tion al E m e r g e n c ie sS ec . 206. W henever in the op in ion of the P r e s id e n t of the U nited S ta te s , a th r e a t

ened or actu a l s tr ik e or lock ou t a ffec tin g an en tire in d u stry or a su b sta n tia l p art th ereo f en gaged in trad e , c o m m e r c e , tra n sp o r ta tio n , tr a n s m is s io n , or co m m u n ica tion am ong the s e v e r a l S ta tes or w ith fo re ig n n a tio n s, or en g aged in the p ro d u ction of goods for co m m e r c e , w ill , if p erm itted to occu r or to con tin u e, im p e r il the n ation a l h ea lth or sa fe ty , he m ay appoint a board of inq u iry to in q u ire into the i s s u e s in vo lv ed in the d isp u te and to m ake a w r itten rep o rt to h im w ith in su ch tim e as he sh a ll p r e sc r ib e . Such rep o rt sh a ll in clu d e a sta tem en t of the fa c ts w ith r e sp e c t to the d isp u te , inclu d in g ea ch p a r ty 's s ta tem en t of its p o s it io n but sh a ll not con ta in any reco m m en d a tio n s . The P r e s id e n t sh a ll f i le a copy of such rep ort w ith the S e r v ic e and sh a ll m ake its co n ten ts a v a ila b le to the public .

S ec . 207. (a) A board of in q u iry sh a ll be co m p o sed of a ch a irm a n and su ch otherm e m b e r s as the P r e s id e n t sh a ll d e ter m in e , and sh a ll have pow er to s it and act in any p la ce w ith in the U nited S ta tes and to conduct su ch h ea r in g s w ith er in p u b lic or in p r iv a te , a s it m ay d eem n e c e s s a r y or p ro p er , to a s c e r ta in the fa c ts w ith r e sp e c t to the c a u se s and c i r cu m sta n ce s of the d isp u te.

(b) M em b ers of a b oard of in q u iry sh a ll r e c e iv e co m p en sa tio n at the ra te of $50 for ea ch day a c tu a lly spent by th em in the w ork of the board, to g eth er w ith n e c e s s a r y tr a v e l and su b s is te n c e e x p e n se s .

(c) F o r the p u rp ose of any h ea r in g or in q u iry conducted by any board appointed under th is t i t le , the p r o v is io n s of s e c t io n s 9 and 10 (re la tin g to the attendan ce of w itn e s s e s and the p rod u ction of b ook s, p a p e rs , and d ocu m en ts) of the F e d e r a l T rade C o m m iss io n A ct of S ep tem b er 16, 1914, as am en d ed (U .S .C . 19, t it le 15, s e c s . 49 and 50, as am en ded), a re h ereb y m ade ap p licab le to the p o w ers and d u ties of su ch board,

S ec . 208. (a) Upon r e c e iv in g a rep o rt from a board of in q u iry , the P r e s id e n t m ayd ir e c t the A ttorn ey G en era l to p e titio n any d is tr ic t cou rt of the U nited S ta tes having j u r i s d ic tion of the p a r tie s to en jo in su ch s tr ik e or lock ou t or the continuing th ere o f, and if the court fin d s that su ch th rea ten ed or actu a l s tr ik e or lock ou t—

(i) a ffe c ts an e n tire in d u stry or a su b stan tia l part th ere o f en gaged in tra d e , c o m m e r c e , tra n sp o r ta tio n , t r a n s m is s io n , or co m m u n ica tion am ong the s e v e r a l S ta tes or w ith fo re ig n n a tion s, or en gaged in the p ro d u ction of goods for co m m e rce ; and

(ii) if p er m itted to occu r or to con tin u e, w il l im p e r il the n ation a l h ea lth or sa fe ty , it sh a ll have ju r is d ic t io n to en jo in any such s tr ik e or lock ou t, or the continuing th ere o f, and to m ake su ch other o r d ers as m ay be a p p rop ria te .(b) In any c a se , the p r o v is io n s of the A ct of M arch 23, 1932, en titled "An A ct to

am end the J u d ic ia l Code and to d efine and lim it the ju r is d ic t io n of co u rts s itt in g in eq u ity , and for other p u r p o se s ," sh a ll not be a p p lica b le .

(c) The ord er or o r d e r s of the cou rt sh a ll be su b ject to re v iew by the ap p rop ria te c ir c u it cou rt of ap p ea ls and by the S u p rem e Court upon w r it of c e r t io r a r i or c e r t if ic a t io n as p rov id ed in s e c t io n s 239 and 240 of the J u d ic ia l C ode, as am en d ed (U .S .C ., t it le 29, s e c s . 346 and 347).

S ec . 209. (a) W henever a d is tr ic t court has is su e d an ord er under s e c t io n 208 e n jo in in g a c ts or p r a c t ic e s w h ich im p e r il or th rea ten to im p e r il the nation a l h ea lth or sa fe ty , it sh a ll be the duty of the p a r tie s to the lab or d isp u te g iv in g r is e to such ord er to m ake e v e r y effo r t to adjust and s e t t le th eir d if fe r e n c e s , w ith the a s s is ta n c e of the S e r v ic e cr ea ted by th is A ct. N e ith er p arty sh a ll be under any duty to a ccep t, in w h ole or in p art, any p ro p o sa l of se tt le m e n t m ade by the S e r v ic e .

83


8 4

(b) Upon the is su a n c e of su ch o r d er , the P r e s id e n t sh a ll r e co n v en e the b oa rd of. in q u iry w h ich h as p r e v io u s ly re p o rted w ith r e s p e c t to the d isp u te . At the end of a 6 0 -d a y p er io d (u n le ss the d isp u te has b een s e t t le d by that t im e ) , the board of in q u iry sh a ll re p o rt to the P r e s id e n t the cu rren t p o s it io n of the p a r tie s and the e ffo r ts w h ich have b een m ad e for se tt le m e n t and sh a ll in clu d e a s ta te m en t by ea ch p arty of its p o s it io n and a s ta te m en t of the em p lo yer* s " la s t offer" of s e tt le m e n t. The P r e s id e n t sh a ll m ak e su ch re p o rt a v a ila b le to the p u b lic . The N atio n al L abor R e la tio n s B oard , w ith in the su c c e e d in g 15 d a y s, sh a ll take a s e c r e t b a llo t of the e m p lo y e e s of ea ch em p lo y er in v o lv ed in the d isp u te on the q u e stio n of w h eth er th ey w ish to a ccep t the fin a l o ffer of s e t t le m e n t m ad e by th e ir em p lo y er as sta ted by h im and sh a ll c e r t ify the r e s u lt s th e r e o f to the A ttorn ey G en era l w ith in 5 d ays th e r e a fte r .

S ec . 210. Upon the c e r t if ic a t io n of the r e s u lt s of su ch b a llo t or upon a s e t t le m e n t b ein g rea ch ed , w h ich ev e r happ ens so o n e r , the A tto rn ey G en era l sh a ll m o ve the co u rt to d i s ch a rge the in ju n ction , w h ich m otio n sh a ll then be gran ted and the in ju n ction d isc h a r g e d . When su ch m o tion is gran ted , the P r e s id e n t sh a ll su b m it to the C o n g re ss a fu ll and co m p r e h e n siv e re p o r t of the p r o c e e d in g s , in clu d in g the fin d in gs of the b oard of in q u iry and the b a llo t taken by the N a tio n a l L abor R e la tio n s B oard , to g eth er w ith su ch r e co m m en d a tio n s as he m a y se e fit to m ak e for c o n s id e r a tio n and a p p ro p ria te action .


Appendix B.H ig h lig h ts o f N a tio n a l E m e r g e n c y D is p u te s , 1947—68

I n d u str y D a te o f d is p u te 1

S tr ik e s ta tu s S e t t le m e n t r e a c h e d

L a s to f f e rb a llo t

N u m b e ro f

w o r k e r s in v o lv e d 2

A p p r o x im a te

c a le n d a rd u r a tio n

(d a y s)

Inp r o g r e s s

b e f o r ein ju n c

t io n

H a lte dby

in ju n c tio n

W ith ou tin ju n c

t io n

W ith in ju n c t io n

W ith in 8 0 -d a y

c o o l in g - o f f p e r io d

A fte r 8 0 -d a y c o o l in g - o f f

p e r io dW ithou ts tr ik e

A fte rs tr ik e

B itu m in o u s c o a l m in in g ___ M a r . 1 5 -A p r . 12 , 1948 3 2 0 ,0 0 0 41 X (3 ) X N on eJu n e 19—24 , 1948 No s tr ik e X _ * N o n eS e p t. 19, 1 9 4 9 -M a r . 5,

1950 3 3 7 ,0 0 0 116 X (4 ) - X - N on eM e a t p a c k in g ___________ M a r . 15—Ju n e 5, 1948 8 3 ,0 0 0 82 ___No injuric t io n __ X - - - N on eA to m ic e n e r g y ______ ___ ___ M a r . 5—Ju n e 15, 1948 N o str•ike 1 X R e je c te d

J u ly 6—N o v . 7 , 1954 4 , 5 00 4 I 5x 1 5x - _ X _ R e je c te dJ u ly 6—A u g . 18, 1954 N o s tr ik e 1 X _ N o n eM ay 10—A u g . 5 , 1957 1 ,5 0 0 6 X X X - R e je c te d

B a s ic s t e e l ____ ___ _____ J u ly 15, 1959—J a n . 28 ,I9 6 0 5 1 9 ,0 0 0 116 X X - * x - 7 R e je c te d

N o n fe r r o u s s m e l t i n g ______ A u g . 27—N o v . 5 , 1951 4 0 ,0 0 0 12 X X _ X 8R e je c te dS e p t. 3 0 , 1 9 6 6 - F e b . 3,

1967 2, 000 83 X X - X - - N on eF a b r ic a te d m e ta l

p r o d u c t s . . . _______________ _ A u g . 2 9 , 195 2—F e b . 20 ,1953 1 ,6 0 0 106 X X - X - - N on e

A ir c r a f t - a e r o s p a c e . A p r . 2—A u g . 12, 1962 8 , 800 76 X X _ X N on eN o v . 2 8 , 1962—J a n . 27 ,

1963 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 9X 9X - X - - N on eJ a n . 23—M ay 10, 1963 No s tr ik e _ _ X _ ( 10)O c t. 1 7 - D e c . 11, 1966 6 , 100 2 X X _ X N on eA p r . 15—J u ly 3, 1967 2 , 400 1 X X - X - - R e je c te d

S h ip b u ild in g ________________ N o v . 4, 1966—J u ly 18,1967 9 , 700 130 X X - - n x - ( H )

M a r it im e _______ __________ Ju n e 3—N o v . 2 5 , 1948 12 2 8 , 000 95 _ _ ( 13) ( 14) 15 X ( * )Ju n e 16—S e p t. 2 1 , 1961 17 2 , 700 32 X 18x _ 19x ( 19) 20R e je c te dM a r . 16—J u ly 16, 1962 21 5 ,0 0 0 27 X X - X - (22)

S te v e d o r in g ____ .. A u g . 17—N o v . 2 8 , 1948 4 5 ,0 0 0 18 _ _ _ _ X R e je c te dO c t . 1, 1 9 5 3 - D e c . 3 1 ,

1954 3 0 ,0 0 0 34 X X - _ - X N on eN o v . 16, 1 9 5 ^ -F e b . 2 2 ,

1957 6 0 ,0 0 0 20 X X - - - X R e je c te dO c t . 1—D e c . 2 6 , 1959 5 2 ,0 0 0 8 X X - X - - 23 R e je c te dO c t . 1, 1962—J a n . 26 ,

1963 5 0 ,0 0 0 39 X X - - - X R e je c te dS e p t. 3 0 , 1 9 6 4 -M a r . 13,

1965 5 3 ,0 0 0 62 X X - - - X N on eS e p t. 3 0 , 1968—F e b . 2 5 ,

1969 24 5 0 , 0 0 0 70 X X - - - X R e je c te dT e le p h o n e s M ay 18—Ju n e 4 , 1948 No s t i •ike X

____________1___________ 1____________1________

1 D e fin e d a s f r o m th e b e g in n in g o f a s t r ik e o r th e a p p o in tm e n t o f a B o a r d o f In q u ir y to d a te o f s e t t l e m e n t .2 R e fe r s to th o s e in a b a r g a in in g u n it o r to th o s e d i r e c t ly in v o lv e d in th e s t r ik e .3 S t r ik e r s r e tu r n e d to w o r k ab o u t 3 w e e k s a f t e r a te m p o r a r y r e s t r a in in g o r d e r w a s i s s u e d .4 I n ju n c tio n i s s u e d . In c o n te m p t p r o c e e d in g s , th e u n ion w a s fou n d n o t g u ilty o f o r d e r in g c o n t in u a tio n o f th e s t r ik e .5 S tr ik e h a lte d v o lu n t a r i ly b e f o r e in ju n c t io n w a s i s s u e d .6 1 la r g e an d a n u m b e r o f m in o r p r o d u c e r s r e a c h e d a g r e e m e n t a f t e r th e in ju n c t io n w a s d i s s o lv e d .7 R e je c te d b y e m p lo y e e s o f 4 s m a l l c o m p a n ie s .8 1 m a jo r p r o d u c e r s e t t l e d b e f o r e th e in ju n c t io n w a s i s s u e d , an d th e o th e r m a jo r p r o d u c e r s s e t t l e d w ith in th e in ju n c t io n p e r io d .

T h e l a s t o f f e r b a llo t w a s h e ld in p la n ts o f 8 c o m p a n ie s .9 S tr ik e h a lte d , on r e q u e s t o f m e d ia t o r s , b e f o r e in ju n c t io n w a s i s s u e d .10 N L R B e le c t io n h e ld , but r e s u l t s n o t o f f i c ia l ly a n n o u n c e d .11 S o m e i s s u e s w e r e s e t t le d b e f o r e an d d u r in g th e in ju n c t io n p e r io d . P a r t i e s a g r e e d to ( l ) s u b m it u n r e s o lv e d i s s u e s to B o a r d o f

I n q u ir y , (2) e x te n d n o - s t r ik e p e r io d b e y o n d in ju n c t io n p e r io d , an d (3) r e q u e s t N L R B s u p e r v is e d l a s t - o f f e r b e f o r e r e a c t iv a t in g s t r ik e . S e t t le m e n t , r e a c h e d a f t e r in ju n c t io n p e r io d w ith o u t s t r ik e , r a t i f ie d in N L R B b a l lo t .

12 D is p u te in v o lv e d th e IL W U on th e P a c i f i c C o a s t an d 6 m a r i t im e u n io n s on th e A t la n t ic , G u lf , an d P a c i f i c C o a s t s , an d th e G r e a t L a k e s . A s t r ik e o c c u r r e d o n ly on th e P a c i f i c C o a s t a f t e r th e in ju n c t io n w a s d i s s o lv e d .

13 On th e A tla n tic and G u lf C o a s t s .14 On th e G r e a t L a k e s a f t e r th e in ju n c t io n w a s d i s s o lv e d .15 On th e P a c i f i c C o a s t .16 B a llo t w a s b o y c o t te d b y th e ILW U an d n o t c o m p le te d fo r o f f - s h o r e u n io n b e f o r e th e in ju n c t io n w a s d i s s o lv e d .17 I n v o lv e d 7 m a r i t im e u n io n s on th e A t la n t ic , G u lf , an d P a c i f i c C o a s t s .18 S e t t le m e n ts w ith a n u m b e r o f th e u n io n s w e r e c o n c lu d e d b e f o r e th e in ju n c t io n w a s i s s u e d .19 6 o f th e 7 u n io n s-h a d s e t t le d b e f o r e th e e x p ir a t io n o f th e in ju n c t io n p e r io d ; 1, on th e P a c i f i c C o a s t , s e t t l e d la t e r a f t e r a s t r ik e .20 B y 1 u n io n .21 I n v o lv e d 3 d iv is io n s o f 1 u n io n on th e P a c i f i c C o a s t an d H a w a ii.22 B a llo t m a i le d b u t r e s u l t s n o t c e r t i f i e d b e c a u s e s e t t l e m e n t w a s r e a c h e d b e f o r e en d o f v o t in g p e r io d .23 L a s t o f f e r r e j e c t e d in W e st G u lf C o a s t P o r t s .24 M ost p o r t s had s e t t le d by M a r c h 1 9 6 9 . S t i l l on s t r ik e a t th is t im e w e r e B o s to n , J a c k s o n v i l l e , F la . , B a to n R o u g e , L a . , an d W e st

G u lf C o a s t P o r t s .

8 5



A ppend ix C

S e le c t e d B ib l io g r a p h y on N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y D is p u t e s

A a r o n , B e n ja m in . “P u b l i c - I n t e r e s t D is p u t e s and t h e ir S e t t le m e n t: O b s e r v a t io n s on th e U n ite d S ta te s E x p e r i e n c e .” L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l , A u g u st 1963 .

______________ . “ T h e B u g a b o o of S o v e r e ig n t y and N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y D i s p u t e s .” I n d u s tr ia lR e la t io n s R e v ie w , V o l. VI, 1955.

B e r n s t e in , I r v in g , H . L . E n a r s o n , and R . W. F le m in g , e d s . E m e r g e n c y D is p u t e s and N a t io n a l P o l i c y , H a r p e r and B r o t h e r s , N e w Y o rk , 1955 .

______________ _, and H . G. L o v e l l . “A r e C o a l S t r ik e s N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c i e s ? ” I n d u s tr ia l and L a b o rR e la t io n s R e v ie w , A p r i l 1953.

B la c k m a n , Jo h n L . P r e s i d e n t i a l S e iz u r e in L a b o r D is p u t e s . H a r v a r d U n iv e r s i t y P r e s s , C a m b r id g e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , 1967 .

C h a m b e r la in , N e i l W. “S t r ik e s in a C o n te m p o r a r y C o n te x t .” I n d u s tr ia l an d L a b o r R e la t io n s R e v ie w , J u ly 1967 .

_______________, and J . M , S c h i l l in g . T h e I m p a c t o f S t r ik e s . H a r p e r and B r o t h e r s , N e w Y o rk , 1954.

C o le , D a v id L . “ G o v e r n m e n t ’ s P a r t in L a b o r D i s p u t e s .” T h e Q u e s t fo r In d u s t r i a l P e a c e , M c G r a w -H il l , N e w Y o r k , 1963 .

C o m m it t e e fo r E c o n o m ic D e v e lo p m e n t , L a b o r S tu d y G ro u p . T h e P u b lic I n t e r e s t in N a tio n a l L a b o r P o l i c y . N e w Y o r k , 1961.

C o x , A r c h ib a ld . L a w an d th e N a t io n a l L a b o r P o l i c y . I n s t itu te o f I n d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s , U n iv e r s i t y of C a l i fo r n ia , L o s A n g e le s , I9 6 0 .

C r a w fo r d , R o b e r t C . “ G o v e r n m e n t I n te r v e n t io n in E m e r g e n c y L a b o r D is p u te s in A to m ic E n e r g y .” L a b o r L a w J o u r n a l , Ju n e 1959.

C u lle n , D o n a ld E . N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y S t r ik e s . N e w Y o rk S ta te S c h o o l o f I n d u s tr ia l and L a b o r R e la t io n s P u b l ic a t io n s , I th a c a , 1968 .

_______________. “T h e T a f t - H a r t le y A c t in N a t io n a l E m e r g e n c y D i s p u t e s .” I n d u s tr ia l and L a b o rR e la t io n s R e v ie w , O c to b e r 1953.

D is h m a n , R o b e r t B . “ T h e P u b lic I n t e r e s t in E m e r g e n c y L a b o r D i s p u t e s .” A m e r ic a n P o l i t i c a l S c ie n c e R e v ie w , D e c e m b e r 1951.

D u n lo p , Joh n T . “ T h e S e t t le m e n t o f E m e r g e n c y D i s p u t e s .” P r o c e e d in g s o f F i f t h A n n u a l M e e t in g , I n d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s R e s e a r c h A s s o c ia t io n , 1953.

F le m in g , R o b b en W. E m e r g e n c y S t r ik e s and N a t io n a l P o l i c y . U n iv e r s i t y o f I l l in o is B u lle t in , V o l. 57 , N o . 7 6 , U r b a n a , I l l in o i s , I9 6 0 .

87


88

G a rre tt , S y lv e s te r . “The E m erg en cy D ispute P ro v is io n s of the T a f t-H a r t le y A ct.* P ro c e e d in g s of T h ird Annual M eeting , In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s R e s e a rc h A sso c ia tio n , 1951.

H ild eb ran d , G eorge. "A n E conom ic D efin ition of the N ational E m e rg e n c y D ispu te .* In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s R ev iew , Vol. VI, 1955.

H o rla c h e r , John P . “A P o lit ic a l S cience View of N atio nal E m e rg e n c y D isp u tes .* A nnals of the A m erican A cadem y of P o li t ic a l and S ocial S c ien ce , Ja n u a ry 1961.

In d u s tr ia l R e la tio ns C o u n se lo rs . E m erg en cy D ispu tes: A N atio nal L ab o r P o lic y P ro b le m , New Y ork, 1961.

Johnson , David B. “D ispute S e ttlem en t in A tom ic E n erg y P la n ts ,” In d u s tr ia l and L ab o r R e la tio n s R ev iew , O ctob er 1959.

Jo n es , Ja m e s E ., J r . “The N atio nal E m erg en cy D ispu tes P ro v is io n s of the T a f t-H a r t le y A ct: A View fro m a L e g is la tiv e D ra ftm an ’s D esk .” W este rn R e se rv e L aw R ev iew , O ctob er 1965.

K ennedy, T hom as. “The H andling of E m erg en cy D isp u te s .” P ro c e e d in g s of Second A nnual M eeting , In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s R e se a rc h A sso c ia tio n , 1949.

M a rsh a ll, Anthony P . “New P e rs p e c tiv e s on N atio nal E m erg en cy D isp u te s .” L ab o r Law J o u rn a l, A ugust 1967.

M cD erm o tt, T. J . “T en Y e a rs of the N ational E m erg en cy P r o c e d u r e s .” L ab o r Law Jo u rn a l, M arch 1958.

N atio nal L abo r R e la tio n s B oard . L e g is la tiv e H is to ry of the L ab o r-M an ag em en t R e la tio n s A c t, 1947. W ashington, 1948.

N o rth ru p , H e rb e r t R. C o m p u lso ry A rb itra tio n and G overnm ent In te rv en tio n in L ab o r D isp u tes ; An A n aly sis of E x p e rie n c e . W ashington, L abo r P o licy A sso c ia tio n , In c ., 1966.

P ie r s o n , F ra n k . “An E valuation of the N atio nal E m erg en cy P ro v is io n s .” In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s R ev iew , Vol. VI, 1955.

R eh em u s, C h a rle s M. “T a ft-H a rtle y T itle II: An E m e rg en cy a t S e a .” L ab o r L aw Jo u rn a l, O ctob er 1963.

____________ . “The O p era tio n of the N atio nal E m erg en cy P ro v is io n s of the L ab o r M anagem entR ela tio n s A ct of 1947.” Y ale Law J o u rn a l , June 1953.

R ohm an, M u rry M .*N ational E m erg en cy D ispu tes and S e iz u re .” L ab o r L aw Jo u rn a l, J a n u a ry 1962.

S andberg , C h a rle s . “E m erg en cy L abo r D ispu tes and the N atio nal I n te r e s t .” L ab o r L aw J o u rn a l , J a n u a ry 1965.

Shultz , G eorge P . S tr ik e s : The P r iv a te Stake and the P ub lic In te r e s t . C hicago , G radu a te School of B u s in e ss , the U n iv e rs ity of C hicago (S elected P a p e r s No. 8), 1963.

Slovenko, R alph, ed. Sym posium on L abo r R e la tio n s . C la i to r ’s B o o k sto re , B aton R ouge, 1961.


Sm ythe, C. F . “P ub lic P o licy and E m erg en cy D isp u te s .” L abo r Law Jo u rn a l, O ctob er 1963.S tevens, C a r l M. “ Is C o m p u lso ry A rb itra tio n C om patib le w ith B a rg a in in g ?” In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s ,

F e b ru a ry 1966.T ay lo r, G eorge W. “The A dequacy of T a ft-H a rtle y in P ub lic E m erg en cy D isp u te s .” A nnals of

the A m erican A cadem y of P o litic a l and S ocial S cience, Ja n u a ry 1961.______________. “The P ub lic In te re s t-V a r ia tio n s on an Old T h em e .” P ro ceed in g s of the E ig h teenth

Annual M eeting, N ational A cadem y of A rb i tr a to r s , 1965.T e lle r , Ludwig. “What Should be Done about E m erg en cy S tr ik e s ? ” L abo r Law Jo u rn a l, Ja n u a ry

1950.U.S. L ib ra ry of C o n g re ss , L eg is la tiv e R efe ren ce S e rv ice , F e d e ra l L eg is la tio n to End S tr ik e s :

A D o cum en tary H is to ry . Staff R ep o rt to 90th C o n g re ss , 1st S ession , W ashington, 1967.U.S. P re s id e n t , A d v iso ry C om m ittee on L ab o r-M an ag em en t P o licy . F re e and R esp onsib le

C o llec tiv e B argain in g and In d u s tr ia l P e a c e , W ashington, 1962.U.S. S enate, C o m m ittee on L abo r and P ub lic W elfare . N ational E m erg en cy L abo r D ispu tes

A ct, Senate R ep o rt 2073, 82nd C o n g re ss , 2nd S ession , 1952.U.S. S enate, C o m m ittee on the Ju d ic ia ry . P ro v id in g fo r the E s ta b lish m e n t of a U nited S ta tes

C o u rt of L ab o r-M an ag em en t R e la tio n s; H earin g befo re the S ubcom m ittee on Im p ro v em en ts in Ju d ic ia l M ach inery , 90th C o n g re ss , 1st S ession , 1967.

U.S. Senate. E m erg en cy D ispu tes S e ttlem en t. Staff R ep o rt to the S ubcom m ittee on L ab o r and L abor M anagem ent R e la tio n s , 82nd C o n g re ss , 2nd S ession , 1952.

W aldm an, L ou is. “N atio nal E m erg en cy S tr ik e s : The Need fo r P ro c e d u re s and D e v ic e s .” P ro ceed in g s of 16th C o nference on L ab o r, New Y ork U n iv e rs ity , New Y ork, 1963.

W arren , E dg ar L. “T h irty -S ix Y ea rs of N ational E m erg en cy S tr ik e s .” In d u s tr ia l and L abo r R ela tio ns R ev iew , O cto b er 1951.

Y abroff, B e rn a rd , and D. P . W illis , J r . “F e d e ra l S e izu re s in L ab o r-M an ag em en t D ispu tes, 1917-52.” M onthly L ab o r R eview , June 1953.


Recent P ublications in Industrial R elations

A n a ly s is of W o rk S to p p a g e s , 1967 (B L S B u lle t in 16 11, 1969), p r ic e 60 c e n ts .A n a ly s is of W o rk S to p p a g e s , 1966 (B L S B u lle t in 1573, 1968), p r i c e 35 c e n ts .W o rk S to p p ag es in C o n tr a c t C o n s tru c t io n , 1946-66 (B L S R e p o r t 346, 1968),

p r ic e 35 c e n ts .D ire c to r y o f N a tio n a l an d I n te r n a t io n a l L a b o r U n io ns in th e U n ited S ta t e s , 1967

(B L S B u lle t in 1596, 1968), p r ic e 60 c e n ts .

M a jo r C o lle c t iv e B a rg a in in g A g re e m e n ts :G r ie v a n c e P r o c e d u r e s (B L S B u lle t in 14 2 5 -1 , 1964), p r i c e 45 c e n ts .S e v e ra n c e P a y an d L a y o ff B e n e fit P la n s (B L S B u lle t in 1 4 25 -2 , 1965), p r ic e 60 c e n ts .S u p p le m e n ta l U n e m p lo y m e n t B e n e fit P la n s an d W a g e -E m p lo y m e n t G u a ra n te e s (B L S B u lle t in 1 4 25 -3 , 1965), p r ic e 70 c e n ts .D e f e r r e d W age I n c r e a s e and E s c a la to r C la u s e s (B L S B u lle t in 1 4 2 5 -4 , 1966),

p r ic e 40 c e n ts .M a n a g e m e n t R ig h ts and U n io n -M a n a g e m e n t C o o p e ra tio n (B L S B u lle t in 1 4 2 5 -5 ,

1966), p r ic e 60 c e n ts .A r b i t r a t io n P r o c e d u r e s (B L S B u lle t in 14 25 -6 , 1966), p r ic e $ 1 .T ra in in g an d R e tra in in g P r o v is io n s (B L S B u lle t in 14 25 -7 , 1969), p r ic e 50 c e n ts . S u b c o n tra c tin g (B L S B u lle t in 14 25 -8 , 1969), p r ic e 55 c e n ts .P a id V a c a tio n and H o lid ay P r o v is io n s (B L S B u lle t in 1 4 2 5 -9 , 1969), p r i c e $ 1 . 25.

For a listing of other industrial relations studies, write forA D ire c to r y of B L S S tu d ie s in I n d u s t r ia l R e la t io n s , 1954-65

☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 O - 361-920


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* Regions VII and VIII w ill be serviced by Kansas City. ** Regions IX and X w ill be serviced by San Francisco.


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“1I
