Lloyd’s Register Marine -

Classification &

Marine Technology

Tim Kent

Technical Director, Marine

August 2013

Lloyd’s Register’s MissionThrough its constitution, Lloyd’s Register is directed to:

• “Secure, for the benefit of the community, high technical standards of design, manufacture, construction, maintenance, operation, and performance, for the purpose of enhancing the safety of life and property at sea, on land, and in the air, and”

• “Advance public education within engineering and technological disciplines”

What is Classification?

The development, publication and implementation of Rules and Regulations covering the design, construction and operation of ships, which help achieve and maintain acceptable levels of safety, performance and reliability

What do the Class Rules & Regulations cover?Structural strength and watertight integrity of the hull

What do the Class Rules & Regulations cover?Safety and reliability of propulsion and steering systems

What do the Classification Rules & Regs cover?

Effectiveness of essential auxiliary systems

The Origins of Classification from 1760Commercial need to reduce losses of ships and cargoes

Grading systems:

1764 A, E, I, O, U (hull) G, M, B (equipment)

AG - the best, UB - the worst

1768 A, B, C (hull) 1, 2, 3 (equipment)

A1 - the best, now has world famous meaning!

1870 100 - iron ships suitable for sea-going service

2011 | 100A1 Double Hull Oil Tanker, ShipRight (FDA, SDA, CM), *IWS, LI | LMC, UMS

What do the Class Rules & Regulations not cover?Stability

Life saving appliances

Pollution prevention

Structural fire protection

Why not?

The requirements for all of the above are contained in internationally accepted statutory codes and conventions

Relationship between class and statutory regulation

Implementation of standards for:

Strength

Propelling machinery

Electrical systems

Control systems

Anchoring equipment

Strength

Fire & lifesaving

Communications

Damage stability

Propelling machinery,electrical and control systems

Strength

Freeboard

Intact stabilityDamage stability

Accidental

Operational

IMO Conventions

Safety(SOLAS)

Stability(Loadline)

Pollution(MARPOL)

Damage stability

Statutory certification

Classification

How Do Ships Enter Class?

Plans & Alterations Approved

Materials Made at Approved Works

Hull Constructed Under Lloyd’s Register’s Special Survey

Machinery Constructed Under Lloyd’s Register’s Special Survey

Survey of Electrical and Control Equipment

Conditions for Classification

• Satisfactory completion of periodical surveys

• Reporting all damages and defects

• Valid convention certificates

• Correct loading and operation

• Availability of approved loading guidance

• Operation in suitable environment

Conditions for Classification – Survey Cycle

Year 1 2 3 4 5

AS AS AS AS AS

ITSS or ITMS

DS DSDS

IWSDS DS

SS SS

Marine Technology –

Lloyd’s Register’s Approach

Intelligence on Business Drivers

Technology as an enabler on a 10+ Year Horizon• Increasing regulation from IMO and others

New technologies & complexity• Increasingly competitive market

Efficiency will drive adoption of automation, complexity and novel design

Industry will be obliged to satisfy Regulations and may want to pursue efficiency

• Lloyd’s Register’s application of technology …

... as a Classification Society, verifying safe integration of elements into the overall ship

... as a Recognised Organisation, certifying functional performance of ship’s systems and features in accordance with international conventions

… as a Technical Services provider, assisting clients improve their competitiveness and business performance

• Minimal safety riskessential safety functions

dependability of essential safety systemsmachinery, equipment, components

• Minimal environmental impactessential environmental functions

dependability of essential environmental systemsmachinery, equipment, components

• Maximum commercial benefit essential commercial functions

dependability of essential commercial systemsmachinery, equipment, components

class

future class

society

services

Marine industry's greatest driver is sustainability -A sustainable marine industry means ships with…

• Minimal safety riskessential safety functions

dependability of essential safety systemsmachinery, equipment, components

• Minimal environmental impactessential environmental functions

dependability of essential environmental systemsmachinery, equipment, components

• Maximum commercial benefit essential commercial functions

dependability of essential commercial systemsmachinery, equipment, components

technology drivers

Marine industry's greatest driver is sustainability -A sustainable marine industry means ships with…

Academia

Technology Lifecycle & Innovation

Deployment in IndustryPrinciples

Innovation

Demonstrators

1 2 3 5 6

Technology Readiness Levels

JIPs, EU projectsGovernment bridging funds

PhDs, EngDs Post Docs

Product Development

Product

4 7 8 9

DevelopmentRoll out

Bleeding edge Leading edge Mature Obsolete

Level of

adopti

on

CapabilityFundamental Knowledge

Industry Visionaries

Industry Backbone

Late Entrants

Early Adopters

Lifecycle Stage:

Company Attitude and Behaviour

Lloyd’s Register & Collaborators

Academia

Technology Lifecycle & Innovation

Deployment in IndustryPrinciples

Innovation

Demonstrators

1 2 3 5 6

Technology Readiness Levels

JIPs, EU projectsGovernment bridging funds

PhDs, EngDs Post Docs

Product Development

Product

4 7 8 9

DevelopmentRoll out

Bleeding edge Leading edge Mature Obsolete

Level of

adopti

on

CapabilityFundamental Knowledge

Industry Visionaries

Industry Backbone

Late Entrants

Early Adopters

Lifecycle Stage:

Company Attitude and Behaviour

Lloyd’s Register & Collaborators

Implementing Strategic Research and Innovation

Hull loading and structures

Materials

Mechanical, Elect, & Control Eng.

11

22

33

Fire, safety & statutory disciplines44

55 Resistance & Propulsion

66 Human behavior and ergonomics

Syste

ms E

ng

ineeri

ng

Ris

k A

ssessm

en

t

CORE TECHNOLOGIES

INTEG

RA

TIO

N A

CTIV

ITIE

S

Tier 1 Goals

Tier 2 Functional requirements

Tier 3 Verification of conformity

Tier 4 Verified solutions

Tier 5 Industry practices/standards

Prescriptive Rules

Alternative Arrangements

Novel Arrangements

RIGOROUS VERIFICATION OF

INNOVATION

Applying emerging technology outside of prescriptive Rules using a performance-based approach …

What does the shipowner want?Specify the capability statement

Start development of the ‘assurance case’

Concept

Requirementscapture

Contract

Design

Build

Integration and

Sea Trials

Operation

Design and construct the sub systems.Gain approval of the sub system design

Develop the specification and gain agreement with all stakeholders and not just the shipyard. Place contract with known risk

Sub system testing and progressive integration of sub systems

Verified sub system integrationresulting in systems tests. Continuousreference and updating of the ‘assurance case’.

Verification

Validation

Accepted system, user tests, ensure systemmeets shipowner’s specification and the capability statement. Limitations to be identifiedand declared, ‘assurance case’ to be updated

Continuous through life review

Continuous review of the ‘assurance case’ following maintenance or modifications of the system

What does the shipowner want?Specify the capability statement

Start development of the ‘assurance case’

Concept

Requirementscapture

Contract

Design

Build

Integration and

Sea Trials

Operation

Design and construct the sub systems.Gain approval of the sub system design

Develop the specification and gain agreement with all stakeholders and not just the shipyard. Place contract with known risk

Sub system testing and progressive integration of sub systems

Verified sub system integrationresulting in systems tests. Continuousreference and updating of the ‘assurance case’.

Verification

Validation

Accepted system, user tests, ensure systemmeets shipowner’s specification and the capability statement. Limitations to be identifiedand declared, ‘assurance case’ to be updated

Continuous through life review

Continuous review of the ‘assurance case’ following maintenance or modifications of the system

To a

ddre

ss com

ple

xity

……

and t

o g

et

the b

asi

cs

right?

… implemented following a systematic procedure

Area – New & Novel designLead on risk assessment

Area – New & Novel designLead on risk assessment

Area – AD&ALead on equivalence

Area – AD&ALead on equivalence

Area – Goal based rulesLead on ensuring goals

are achieved

Area – Goal based rulesLead on ensuring goals

are achieved

Area – High ComplexityLead on systems thinkingArea – High Complexity

Lead on systems thinking

Dealing with increasing complexity …

Peer review

YES

NOStage 1 Assessment

Stage 2 Assessment

Stage 4 Assessment

Stage 3 Assessment

START END

Acceptancecriteria

satisfied?

Conventional Classification & Statutory Approval Process

Led by Subject Matter Expert

in relevant Discipline

Led by expert in Risk Assessment (or equivalent)

Risk Control Requirements (criteria, Rules, standards etc. to be applied during survey)

… using a standard process, scalable according to the degree of innovation, always applied with rigour.

Thank you.

May 2013