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PRSRT STDUS POSTAGE
PAIDBRYAN, TX 77802PERMIT # 23
JAMES THOMPSONStraight from the horse's mouth.PAGE 3
JAMES THOMPSONStraight from the horse's mouth.PAGE 3
JAMES THOMPSONStraight from the horse's mouth.PAGE 3
JAMES THOMPSONStraight from the horse's mouth.PAGE 3
October 2013— Issue 2
PRSRT STDUS POSTAGE
PAIDBRYAN, TX 77802PERMIT # 23
YEAR-ROUND BATTLEPreventing anaplasmosis is a never-ending fight.PAGE 4
AIN’T EASY BEING GREENNew guide shows how to grow great veggies.PAGE 6
BORDER STRUGGLEU.S. rules hurt cattle industry on the border.PAGE 10
TIMES ARE A’CHANGINGAgriLife farm manager looks back on 29 years.PAGE 16
October 2013— Issue 2
Breedingfor success
COMBINING DIFFERENT BREEDSCAN PAY BIG DIVIDENDS
Page 12
Octob
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News
If you didn’t know, I am anAggie. Being an Aggie isalways a great thing, but
these past two years have beenexceptionally good. If youdon’t follow football, or readnewspapers or magazines orwatch televi-sion or listento the radio,then let meclarify thatI am talkingabout thewhirlwind suc-cess our foot-ball team hashad with Johnny Manziel.
Every media outlet has dedi-cated a ton of coverage to No.2, offering opinions, advice andcriticism. Since I am part ofthe media, I would be remissif I did not chime in with mythoughts. So here is the Land& Livestock Post’s officialstance on Johnny Manziel: Heis an outstanding player.
OK, now that my in-depthanalysis is over, we can move
on to what is in this issue.In this issue ‘s cover story,
we take a look at heterosis,cross breeding two things toget desired traits. This processcan be used in cattle and it canincrease the value and stabil-ity of your herd.
We also have some newsabout upcoming classes as wellas new opportunities via tech-nology available for farmersand ranchers.
There are a few other storiessprinkled in that deal with ev-erything from border politicsto anaplasmosis, so you’re sureto be able to find somethingyou like.
Hope you enjoy it, andthanks for reading.
’Til next time,
• Send suggetions and questions [email protected].
From the General Manager
JESSE WRIGHT
Agricultural apps tobepresented inaseriesofSouthTexasworkshops
By Rod Santa anaTexas A&MAgriLife Extension
Service
CORPUS CHRISTI — TheTexasA&MAgriLifeExtensionService will teach a series ofworkshopsonagriculturalappsfor smartphones and tablets atseveralSouthTexas locations inlate October.
ThefirstwillbeheldinWilsonCounty on Oct. 22, followed byworkshops inColoradoCounty,Oct. 23; RefugioCounty,Oct. 24;and Matagorda County, Oct. 25.
“The goal is to teach farm-ers and ranchers to use theiriPhones to make decisionsto improve their bottom line,whether in thefield,on the trac-toror inthepickup,”saidJackieSmith, an AgriLife Extensioneconomist in Lubbock and oneof the workshop instructors.
The hands-on part of theworkshop will be conducted onApple iPads, but Microsoft andAndroid tablets also will bedemonstrated during the class,Smith said.
Jay Yates, an AgriLife Ex-tension program specialist inLubbock who also will provideinstruction, said the workshopwill use a lab of 25 iPads to leadparticipants in hands-on ses-sions to better utilize some ofthe hundreds of agriculturalapps available.
“We have been involved in agrant project to study the useof tablets and smartphones inagriculture to teach farmersand ranchers how to use thetechnology to become betterdecision makers,” he said.
Time will be spent to makesure all participants under-stand the basics of using aniPad and iPhone, but the ma-jority of workshop time will bespent evaluating a wide range
of agriculturalapps,Yates said.“Both of us have reviewed
and/or used hundreds of appsin an effort to help farmers andranchersquicklyget to theappsthat will help them the most,”Smith said. “We will discussour favorite two or three appsin several different categories,includingweather, recordkeep-ing, decision aids, livestock,agronomy, markets, precisionag, ag news and general utili-ties.”
The mobile device boom isputtingcameras, touchscreens,high-speed Internet andGPS inthehandsof farmersandranch-ers regardless of where theyare, Yates said.
“These basic capabilities oftablets and smartphones havepaved the way for the develop-ment of thousands of usefulapps, and we can expect theirnumberstocontinuetoincreaseaswemove forward in time,”hesaid.
For information on the con-tent of the workshops, contactYates or Smith at 806-746-6101.
For workshop location infor-mation, contact the county of-
fices of AgriLife Extension atthe following: Wilson County,830-393-7357; Colorado County,979-732-2082; Refugio County,361-526-2825; and MatagordaCounty, 979-245-4100.
Texas AgriLife Extension Service photo/J. StapperThe Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service will present workshops on agriculturalapps for smartphones and tablets in late October in four South Texas counties.
TheLand
&Livestock
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October2013
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News
Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc.(979) 776-4444 or (800) 299-7355
President - Crystal Dupré ..................................................... Ext. 4613
Publisher and Editor- Kelly Brown ......................................... Ext. 4656
Advertising Director - Ron Prince ........................................ Ext. 4740
Advertising Sales/General Manager - Jesse Wright ............... Ext. 4721
Financial Director - Rod Armstrong ....................................... Ext. 4605
Production Director - Mark Manning..................................... Ext. 4671
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Published by Bryan-College Station Communications, Inc.,P.O. Box 3000, Bryan, Texas 77805.E-mail: [email protected]
All offices are located at 1729 Briarcrest DriveBryan, Texas 77802.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes toThe Eagle, P.O. Box 3000,Bryan, Texas 77805-3000
The Post is printed in part on recycledpaper and is fully recyclable.
Anaplasmosisprevention isanall-seasonprogramBy Dr. Dave SparkSOklahoma State University
Many beef producers asso-ciate anaplasmosis with horseflies, and keep up a preventionprogram only during the flyseason.
Unfortunately,manyof thesesameproducersstill areexperi-encing anaplasmosis problemsyeararoundbecausebitingfliesare only a minor vector com-pared to other ways the diseasecan be transferred.
In many areas, especiallywooded or brushy pastures,ticks are more important vec-tors than biting flies. Ticks areanall-yearprobleminmanyar-eas of Oklahoma and Texas, sothe control program also needsto be maintained all year.
Stockmenalsospreadthedis-ease from carriers to suscepti-ble animalsbynot removingalltracesof blood fromequipmentwhen processing adult cattle.Theorganismcanbecarriedbyneedles, dehorners, castrationknives,eartaggers,oranyotherimplement that draws blood
It is sometimespossible tode-termine the source of the out-breakby thewaycasesdevelop.
When insect vectors are re-sponsible there usually willbe one sick animal, followedseveral weeks later by multiplecases. If human transfer is thecause, several sickanimalswillshowupat thesametime two tofourweeks after the cattlewereworked.
The most popular means ofanaplasmosis prevention is the
use of mineral mixes that con-tainchlortetracycline.Whenfedat a rate of 0.5 mg/lb. of bodyweight, chlortetracycline willprevent anaplasmosis infec-tions.
It is important to note, how-ever, that chlortetracycline isadded to minerals for severaldifferent reasons, includinguse as a growth promotant foryearlings, and these other usesrequire different levels of drugin the mineral.
Make sure that the productyou choose states on the labelthat it is formulatedatarate forthepreventionof anaplasmosis,andgives thespecificamountofdaily consumption needed tosupply that level.
The next step is to monitoryour herd to make sure thatthe product is being consumedat the appropriate rate. If not,you may need to look at otherproducts or change your man-agement practices in order tocorrect consumption deficits.
It is possible to have a fewcases even when medicatedminerals are provided becausesome individuals may not con-sume them.
Forproblemherdsorasanal-ternative preventative, a killedvaccine is available in selectedstates, including Oklahoma.It especially may be valuablefor use in bulls, who often donot consume enough mineralto meet the chlortetracyclinerequirement for their bodyweight.
Another control factor is theelimination of carriers. Recov-ered animals will be carriersof the disease and a source ofinfection for susceptible indi-viduals.
Clear them of the organismwith high levels of antibioticsadministeredparentally, isolatethemfromsusceptibleanimals,or cull them from the herd.
Signs of animals infectedwith the disease include or-ange coloration of the mucousmembranes due to breakdownpigments released from redblood cells that are destroyed.As more red blood cells are de-stroyed, the animals becomeslow and short of breath. Theymay exhibit aggressive behav-ior due to a shortage of oxygensupply to the brain.
By the timesignsarenoticed,the disease is usually far alongand you may easily cause thedeath of the infected animalwhile trying to bring them infor treatment. If you suspectan anaplasmosis problem, con-tactyourveterinarian,whocanmakeadefinitivediagnosisandrecommend a course of treat-ment before other animals areexposed.
Sick animals are about 10times as infective as recoveredcarriers are, so it is importanteither to move them away fromtheirherdmates,or if this isnotpossible, move the herd matesaway from them.
If infected cows do not abort,their calves can become infect-ed in utero. These calves likelywill not show symptoms but re-main carriers for life.
It is popularly believed thatanaplasmosis only affects ma-ture animals. Recent informa-tion out of Kansas State Uni-versity, however, shows thatyoung animals can be infectedand suffer with the disease, al-though not as severely as olderanimals. This is due to younganimals’ ability toproducenewredbloodcellsmuchfaster thanadults.
In young animals, anaplas-mosis can easily be confusedwithbovinerespiratorydiseasebecause in both instances theanimal has a fever and experi-ences labored breathing. Withanaplasmosis, however, the in-
creased respiratory rate is dueto a decreased capacity for theblood to carry oxygen ratherthan to any lung involvement.The two syndromes can occurtogether.
If you live in an area whereticks are active in thewinter, oryou sometimes work your cowsin cool weather, using chlortet-racycline-medicated mineralall year can save both the hardwork involved with treatingactive anaplasmosis cases andthe losses associated with thedisease.
Summercasesof anaplasmo-sisoftenaremoredramaticandassociatedwithmoredeathsbe-cause cattle are not watched asclosely as in the winter whensupplemental feeding is re-quired.
In the summer months it iseasy to get involved in farmingor haying operations and notcheck the cattle as frequently
as theyshouldbechecked.Thisleads to outbreaks being moreadvanced and widespread be-fore they are discovered. Thedisease progresses quickly;witheachpassingday, thenum-ber of red blood cells affectedby the organism doubles, untilthe immune system arrests theinfection, treatment limits thecourse, or the animal dies.
In conclusion, beef produc-ers can minimize the impact ofanaplasmosis by utilizing goodsanitationconcerninghypoder-micneedlesandsurgical instru-ments, utilizing a preventativesuch as tetracycline in the min-eral or incorporation of a vac-cine program and observingcattle regularly.
If you are experiencing ana-plasmosis problems your localveterinarian can help to designa preventative program that isbestsuitedforyourlocationandoperation.
Learn to recognize anaplasmosisFromAgriculture.com
Combating diseases suchanaplasmosis is a vital part ofherd management because itcan quickly cut into your profitmargin.
“A clinical case of anaplas-mosis is conservatively esti-mated to cost about $400 peranimal. And the total cost ofanaplasmosis to thebeef indus-try is estimated to be over $300
million per year,” said Dr. Den-nyHausmann,Alpharmacattletechnical service manager.
Of even greater concern iswhen anaplasmosis, an infec-tious disease that is consideredendemic to the southern partof the U.S., begins to infiltrateareas where producers are notfamiliarwithorhaveeverheardof it.
According to Alpharma Ani-
See DISEASE, Page 5
Octob
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—Issue2
TheLand
&LivestockPost
4
ROUNDOVERHEADFEED STORAGE BINS
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News
mal Health, anaplasmosis hasbeendiagnosed inallof thecon-tiguous 48 states, which meansawareness and understandingof this disease has become in-creasingly important.Yet a recent cow-calf survey
revealed thatahighpercentageof producers are unclear aboutwhat the disease is. CompletedbytheUSDA,thesurveyreportsthat:• 13.7 percent know some ba-
sics,• 16 percent are fairly knowl-
edgeable,• 22.7 percent recognize the
name but not much else,• 47 percent had never heard
of the disease.Anaplasmosis is caused by
a minute parasite, Anaplasmamarginale, that attacks redblood cells in cattle.“It can be transmitted bio-
logically through ticks andme-chanically from biting flies orcontaminated needles,” Haus-mann said.
Cattleof all agesmaybecomeinfectedwithanaplasmosis,butthe severityof illness increaseswithage.Calvesunder6monthsold rarely show enough signsto indicate they are infected.Cattle 6 months to 3 years oldbecome increasingly ill, andmore deaths occur with ad-vancing age. After 3 years old,30percent to50percentof cattlewithclinicalanaplasmosisdie ifuntreated.First symptoms of an ana-
plasmosis-infected animal are
when it becomesweak and lagsbehind the herd.The animal refuses to eat
or drink. Skin becomes palearound the eyes and on themuzzle, lips, and teats.As the disease progresses,
the animalmay be constipated,become excited and showrapidweight loss. Itmayhaveyellow-tinged skin and rapid respira-tion, which may cause produc-ers toconfuse theanaplasmosissymptomswith bovine respira-tory disease. An animal may
also fall or lie down and be un-able to get up.Treatment of animals de-
pends on the stage of the dis-ease,which include incubation,developmental, convalescentand carrier.AlpharmaAnimalHealthhas
releasedabooklet,AnswerBookfor Anaplasmosis, to help withcommon questions about thedisease.Request a free copy by call-
ing 800-834-6470 or by [email protected].
From Page 4
DISEASE:Anaplasmosis can cost up to$400per sick animalThe
Land&Livestock
Post
October2013
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Your SOURCE for Top Quality Registeredand Commercial Brangus Cattle
Bobcat Bottoms Ranch • Persimmon Creek Ranch • Camp Cooley RanchSpringValley Ranch •Windy Hill Ranch •Vista Ridge Ranch
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Carl Herrmann(979)820-5349
Hwy 36 South, P.O. Box 542, Caldwell, TX 77836Sale Barn Phone: (979) 567-4119
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Cell Phone: 979.255.1380Office Phone: 979.535.8024
www.lauderdalespraying.com
Armyworm Treatment • Rye Gras s Seed ing
NewsPocketguide tovegetablediseasesavailableforgardenersandcommercial growers
By Kathleen PhilliPsTexas A&MAgriLife Extension
Service
Yel low spots onleaves, deformedg rowth , ro t t edroots.Allcanspelldisaster for thegardener anticipat-ing a bountiful basketof tastyproduceatharvest.
But a handy book that will
fit in a pocket could helpgrowers get a handle
on key diseasesbefore they cutintoyields, ac-
cording to leadauthor Joe Mas-
abni, a TexasA&MAgriLife Extension
Service vegetable spe-cialist inCollegeStation.“The pocket guide is an
See GUIDE, Page 11
Octob
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&LivestockPo
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Cattleman’s Brenham Livestock AuctionFall Special Replacement Female & Bull Sale
Saturday • October 26, 2013 • 12 noon2405 Highway 105 East • Brenham, Texas
Cattleman’s Brenham Livestock AuctionSale Every FridayP.O. Box 1207Brenham, TX 77834979-836-3621
cattlemansbrenhamlivestock.com979-830-7769 Scottie Schwartz979-277-4987 Mark Schwartz979-877-4454 Doug Bass
Featuring 700 Head of Quality Replacement FemalesEarly Consignments Include:
Braford Pairs & Breds | Brangus Pairs & Breds | Crossbred Pairs & BredsBred Crossbred Heifers | Open Brahman Heifers
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Call us for consignment updatesand current information on thisspecial sale. Consignments arecoming in daily. Call us today!
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Bryan Credit Office1714 E. 29th Street
979.775.0404 | 877.775.0404CapitalFarmCredit.com
T E X A S ’ L A R G E S T R U R A L L E N D E R
TheLand
&Livestock
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October2013
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NewsOutlook forgrainmarketwillbepoweredby livestock, exportdemand
By Blair FanninTexas A&MAgriLife Extension
Service
Future demand for grain inboth theexportmarketandU.S.livestock feeding sector shouldgive farmersprofitableopportu-nitiesintheyearsahead,accord-ing to a Texas A&M AgriLifeExtension Service economist.A special AgriLife Exten-
sion outlook program recentlywas hosted by the departmentof agricultural economics atTexas A&M prior to the TexasA&M-Alabama football game.AgriLife Extension economistsprovidedupdates onseveral ag-ricultural commodities.MarkWelch, AgriLife Exten-
sion grains marketing econo-mist,saidthatthroughtheyearstherehas beenamazing growthingrainconsumption.Thatmo-mentum doesn’t appear to beslowing, he said.Even though biofuel growth
has leveled,Welch said the live-
stock and export markets arepoised for anticipated growthin the coming years. That’s duetoareboundinU.S. cattle inven-toriesatnumbersnotseensincethe1950sasherdrebuildingwillbeginoncemore if droughtcon-ditions lift, and the expectedgrowth in China develops.Overall, Welch said, “things
are going to stay exciting” withmore demand for corn to helpfurther livestock feeding and acontinued surge in exportmar-ket demand.Meanwhile, John Robinson,
AgriLife Extension cottoneconomist in College Station,said China controls a large sur-plus of cotton, which is affect-ingprices forboth theshortandlong term.He said it’s likely prices will
continue a back-and-forthweakness.“The futures market has al-
ready forecasted that,” he said.He advised producers to
See GRAIN, Page 14
Octob
er2013
—Issue2
TheLand
&LivestockPost
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News
Swords toplowsharesBy Paul SchattenBergTexas A&MAgriLife Extension
Service
EDINBURG — Texas A&MAgriLife Extension Service,in cooperation with the TexasAgrAbility Project and the U.S.Departmentof Agriculture,willpresent an agriculture work-shop for military veterans Oct.19 in Edinburg.The free workshop will befrom8 a.m. to 5 p.m. at TheUni-versityof Texas-PanAmerican,1407 E. Freddy Gonzalez Drive.Called“FromBattlegroundtoBreaking Ground: A Transfor-mational Journey,” the work-shopwill givemilitaryveteransinterested in farming or ranch-ing the opportunity to get infor-mation on starting, developingand funding an agriculture-based business, according toprogram coordinators.Presentationswill include anaddress by a veteran currentlyinvolved in production agri-culture, as well as an overviewof the AgrAbility Program,and information on resourcesavailable for funding options,business plandevelopment andresource networking.“The workshop also address-
es the possibilities for ranchingorfarmingforveteranswithdis-abilities,” saidCherylGrenwel-ge, AgriLife Extension special-ist in disability transition withthe Texas AgrAbility Project.“We’rehopingmilitaryveteranswill take advantage of this pro-gram,which has been designedwith input fromAgriLifeExten-sion, AgrAbility, the USDA’sNaturalResourceConservation
Service, the National FarmerVeteran Coalition, Farm Ser-vice Agency, USDA Risk Man-agementandTexasDepartmentof Agriculture.”Grenwelgesaidthelocalpointof contact for the workshop isCarlos Gutierrez, the Univer-sity of Texas-Pan AmericanVeterans Business OutreachProgram in Edinburg at 956-665-7567 or [email protected]. More information on theveterans business outreachprogram can be found at www.utpa.edu/vboc.To ensure adequate space,attendees are requested toRSVP by registering online inadvance at txagrability.tamu.edu/. A registration form alsocan be downloaded from thesite andmailed to the attentionof either Cheryl Grenwelge orErinPilosiatTexasA&MAgriL-ife Extension Service, 578 JohnKimbrough, College Station,Texas 77843-2251 or emailed [email protected].“The Texas AgrAbility Pro-
gram’s focus is on connecting,assisting andempoweringagri-culturalproducers, their familymembers and employees withdisabilities and chronic healthconditions to stay engaged inproduction agriculture,” Gren-welgesaid. “About45percentofreturningveteransare fromru-ral areas andwewant to enableveterans with or without dis-abilities to return to the area ofproduction agriculture if theychoose.”For more information, go totxagrability.tamu.edu/ or con-tact Grenwelge at 979-845-3727or [email protected].
Texas A&MAgriLife Extension Service photoA free agricultural workshop for military veterans will be held Oct. 19 in Edinburg.
TheLand
&Livestock
Post
October2013
—Issue
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Jesse Wright [email protected]
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NewsBordercattle industry strugglesafterU.S.policychange
By Julián AguilArThe Texas Tribune
OJINAGA, MEXICO — Thisremote town on the Texas-Mexico border used to enjoythe distinction of being one ofthe busiest ports for importingMexican cattle into the U.S.But citing concerns about
escalating drug violence inMexico, the U.S. Departmentof Agriculture last yearmovedits cattle inspectors across theRioGrande intoTexas—adeci-sion residents on both sides ofthe border say has crippled thelocal livestock industry.“Wefeelwe’vebeenwronged.
Wefeel theareaissafeandwe’revictims of circumstances [oc-curring] along many otherborders with many issues,”said Carlos Nieto, special proj-ects manager for Presidio, theTexas city across the borderfrom Ojinaga. “In Washingtonand in [the Mexican presiden-tial palace] Los Piños, we’re ano-man’s land.Theydon’tknowabout our way of life.”Before the change, cattle
were inspected and weighed— and sales finalized — on theMexican side of the border ata multi-acre facility that couldhold 15,000 animals. Ranchersfrom at least nine of Mexico’s31 stateswouldsend theircattlefor inspection and subsequentimport, said Mexican customsagent Severo Santiago Baeza.
“We don’t want anything ex-cept what we used to have,” hesaid. “Wedon’t expectanythingmore.”
But when the USDA left Oji-naga for Presidio, the Mexicanranchers began taking theirbusinesselsewhere,uninterest-ed in dealing with the bureau-cracy and hassle of a bordercrossing.The USDA did not respond
to requests for comment on thedecision.Between 2011 and 2012, more
than 280,000 cattlewere export-ed in Ojinaga. That dipped to68,700 from September 2012 toJuly of this year, according tostatistics fromtheMexicancat-tle raisersunion, theUniónGa-naderaRegionaldeChihuahua.During that same time period,expenditures associated withcattle export — payments tocustoms brokers, taxes, corralspace and transport — dippedby about $5.5 million.That lostbusinesshasextend-
ed to Presidio; the temporary
pens the USDA established,which can hold only a few hun-dred animals already, now sitempty half the time. Locals sayit’s only adding to the town’spoverty rate, which is current-ly about 34 percent, double thestate’s 17 percent average.Nieto said the red tape comes
from the addition of a step inPresidio,wherecattlenowmustbeunloadedandinspected, thenreloaded and shipped again forweight and payment.
“Every time the cattle aremoved, what are they doing?Theyare[urinatinganddefecat-ing],” Nieto said. “And what’s[all that]? Weight. What do youget paid on?Weight.”He said it could also contra-
dict the government’s statedgoal of keeping diseased live-stock from breaching U.S. bor-ders.“Now you’re bringing cattle
that may have diseases, ticks,whatever,” Nieto said. “Be-fore, theywould get dipped andchecked in Mexico and the re-jects would stay there.”
Jimmy McNeil, a cattle im-porter who has been buyingin Ojinaga for 30 years, saidthe Mexican ranchers can’t beblamed for moving their prod-uct to the New Mexico borderinstead.“Theyhavealegitimategripe.”The towns have enlisted the
help of U.S. Rep. Pete Gallego,D-Alpine,whositsontheHouseAgriculture Committee, andElPaso state Sen. José Rodríguez,a Democrat whose district nowincludes part of the Big Bendarea.They reached out, they say,
because forayear theycouldn’tgetaclearansweronwhomadethe ultimate decision: the U.S.StateDepartmentor theUSDA.Ojinaga has seen its share of
firefights, thoughviolencetherehasnot risen to the level of oth-er cities in theMexican state ofChihuahua—particularlyCiu-dadJuárezandChihuahuaCity.In March, gunmen in Ojinagakilled a Mexican news editor,andinAugust, twoMexicanfed-eral agents and a civilian werekilled after they tried to stop avehicle they believed carriedpeople suspected of crime.Dr. Jesús Baca, the chief vet-
erinarianat theOjinaga inspec-tion site, said members of thecattle raisers union and otherswoulddowhateverwasaskedofthem to improve security andput U.S. officials at ease. But headded that inspectors don’t ap-pear to be afraid.“On their days off, they go to
Ojinaga to shop, their familieslive in Ojinaga,” he said. “Theonly thing they can’t do is gowork there.”
Gallego said he hasmet with
USDA officials and expects aresponse soon explaining whatprompted the departure.
“I like evidence-based deci-sions, and if they are going tomake that decision, we need tohavetheevidenceforit,”hesaid.“I am not hearing [concerns]from the State Department; Iam not hearing that from U.S.
Customs or Border Patrol.”Lastmonth,Rodríguezwrote
to U.S. Rep. Filemon Vela, D-Brownsville, who also sits onthe House Agriculture Com-mittee, seeking answers andhelp. He said it’s unfair thatinspectors are allowed to workin parts of Mexico that borderLaredo andNewMexico.
“This is unacceptable, andit seems only to be applied toPresidio-Ojinaga,”hewrote.“Inmy opinion, swift action needsto be taken in order to have theUSDA allow its inspectors toOjinaga and help restore thelevels of cattle inspections tothe numbers reflected in previ-ous years.”Rodriguez copied several
state officials on the letter,including Texas AgricultureCommissioner Todd Staples,who often visits ranchers andfarmers inSouthTexasand theRioGrandeValley tohear theirconcerns. In an email, Staplessaid the economic troubles onthe Ojinaga border — and thedrug violence that appears tohave led to them—wereacausefor concern.“Drug cartel violence con-
tinues to take a heavy toll, notonly on our rural landowners,but our entire agriculture in-dustry along the Texas-Mexicoborder,” he said. “We must ab-solutelystop thecartels in theirtracks and normalize trade re-lationships torestore lost jobs.”
Photo by Julian AguilarVeterinarian and cattle buyer Jesús Baca discusses how cattle were inspected before the USDA pulled itsAmerican inspectorsfrom Mexico.
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News
idea I’ve had for a while,” Mas-abni said. “I thought itwouldbeauseful tool tocarry inapocket,with photos and specific infor-mationonthemostcommondis-eases of themost common fruitand vegetable crops in Texas.”Masabnisaidthepocketguide
is designed for growers, homegardeners and Master Garden-ers — anyone who attempts togrow vegetables, whether inpots or on larger acreages.The durable, 3-inch by 4-inch
spiral-boundguidehasphotosofdiseasedplantsalongwitheasy-to-read information in EnglishandSpanish on thenameof thedisease, cause, symptoms andcontrol.Therearemorethan100pages describing 50 diseases on14 commonly grown fruits andvegetables.The guide can be ordered for
$10 at the AgriLife Bookstore,www.agrilifebookstore.org/.Masabni collaborated with
Thomas Isakeit, Agrilife Ex-
tension plant pathologist inCollege Station, whose exper-tise on plant disease yieldedthe photographs depicting themostcommondiseases. Isakeit’sgraduatestudent,DavidLaugh-lin, translated the informationinto Spanish.The guidewaspublishedbya
grant fromTexasA&MAgriLifeCommunications.
Photo by Texas A&MAgriLife Extension ServiceVelvety yellow spots on the undersides ofleaves indicate bean rust.
Guide, from Page 6
TheLand
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News
Well bredSignificanceofheterosis inbreedingcattle
By RoBeRt FeaRsSpecial to The Post
The ability to produce good beefanimals is dependent upon threefactors:herdnutrition,healthand
genetics.All threeof theserequirementsare important equally, and if any one ofthethree isnotsufficientlysatisfied,pro-duction will suffer.Genetics not only is responsible for
animal traits, but it alsodeterminesani-mal response to nutrition and its abilityto develop disease immunity.
Amajority of the commercialproducers crossbreed cattle, matingparents of different breeds. They pri-marily use this breeding system toproduce heterosis in theirherds. Heterosis is oftencalled hybrid vigor. JoePaschal of the TexasA&MAgriLife Extension Servicedefines heterosis as the level ofperformance of the crossbreddescendents or progeny com-pared to the average perfor-mance of the parents.
Heterosis effects“Heterosis usually improves
performance of the offspring,with the greatest amount ofimprovement in progeny of theleast genetically related parents,”Paschal said.“For example, heterosis is great-
er in a cross between Hereford andBrahman than between Herefordand Angus. Since both Herefordand Angus originated on the Brit-ish Isles, they are likely to bemoregenetically related to each otherthanwith the Brahman, whose an-cestors originated in India.“Progeny inherit one-half of their
genes from each parent and thesegenes are paired on the chromosomes.Heterosis is created by the interactionof genes on the chromosomes. Thisphenomenon has been recognized as apowerful genetic tool for commercialbeef producers for over 100 years.”Heterosis can be separated into two
basic types: direct andmaternal. Director individual heterosis is the effect ofhybrid vigor in the crossbred offspring.Performance traits normally improved
in direct heterosis include environ-mental adaptability, longevity, repro-duction, growth and production.
Maternal heterosis occurs in theoffspring of a crossbred cow.Mater-nal heterosis is the indirect effect ofa crossbred dam’s gene combinationsinfluencing her calf’s performancethrough thematernal environmentshe provides. An example of maternalheterosis is the dam’s improvedmilkproduction that positively affects hercalf’s weight.“Overall, heterosis has the largest
positive effect on survivability, repro-duction, disease resistance and generalfitness,” Paschal said. “Heterosis
has the least positive ef-
fect on carcass traits, andits effects are intermediate on feedyardcharacteristics such as rate of gain andfeed efficiency. In a first-cross female,heterosis increases growth rate whichresults in a decreased puberty age andincreased fertility over and above thatcaused by reduced puberty age.”
Breeding systems“There are two basic breeding sys-
tems in commercial production,” saidStephenHammack, professor and Ex-tension beef cattle specialist emerituswith the Texas A&MAgriLife Exten-sion Service. “If replacement females
are produced in the herd, the systemis continuous. The system is terminalif heifers are not put back in the herd,but are brought in from outside.”“A calf that is a cross between two
parents of different breeds is called anF1 and
has the highest levelof hybrid vigor,”Paschal said. “If theF1 is mated back toone of its parentalbreeds, the progeny
will be a backcross. The level of hy-brid vigor is theoretically reduced by50 percent in a backcross. This samelevel of reduction in hybrid vigor oc-curs when two F1s of the same geneticmakeup aremated.“If an F1 cow ismated to a bull of
a third breed, the F1 cowwill exhibit100 percentmaternal heterosis andthe calf will exhibit 100 percent directheterosis. Usually such three-breedterminal sire crosses are rated amongthe highest in production efficiencysince 100 percent of both the direct andmaternal hybrid vigor is utilized.”Three-breed terminal crossbreeding
has been popular for some time amongproducers because of the high degreeof heterosis that can be produced. Anexample of this breeding system ismating F1 Hereford/Brahman cows
with a Charolais bull. All calves fromthe Charolais bull are sold whereasonly F1 bull and cull heifer calves aresold. The remaining F1 heifers are keptas herd replacements to breed with
Charolais.PriceRanch nearSterlingCity usesa four-breed
terminalcrossbreeding system.
The owners, Frank andSims Price, buy F1 Her-eford/Brahman heifers,breed them to an Angusbull and thenmate the prog-eny to a Charolais bull. Onehundred percent direct andmaternal heterosis is obtainedfrom the three-way cross,since all of matings are done
between parents of different breeds. Inaddition, the Angus contributesmar-bling and the Charolais addsmuscle inthe four-way cross terminal progeny.
Combination breeds“Existing breeds are sometimes
blended to form combination breeds,with new packages of traits,” Ham-mack said. “Sometimes these combina-tion breeds are called composites. Be-cause they are formed by crossbreed-ing, there is some residual heterosis.The amount depends on howmanybreeds are included, in what portionsthey are included and howmuch in-breeding occurs as the breed develops.With these combination breeds it maybe possible to obtain some heterosisusing a single combination breed ina straightbred system, which simply
See BREEDING, Page 21
Examples of combination breedsCombination breeds should not be confusedwith crossbreeding systems. Examples
of American combination breeds include:• Braford = Brahman +Hereford• Brangus = Brahman + Angus• BeefMaster = Brahman +Hereford + Shorthorn• Charbray = Brahman + Charolaise• Red Brangus, = black Angus + grey Brahman• Santa Gerturdis = Brahman + Shorthorn• Simbrah = Brahman + Simmental
Photo by Robert FearsAngus/Braham combination,
Cover photo by Spring Johnson
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TheLand
&Livestock
Post
October2013
—Issue
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13www.caldwellcountry.comCaldwell Country
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watch China. If it begins to im-port less U.S. cotton and con-sume its own supplies more, hesaid there will be 60-cent cottonif China begins unloading itssurplus of supplies.
“We may then be lookingahead at a couple of years of lowprices,” he said.
David Anderson, AgriLifeExtension livestock economistCollege Station, said the U.S.beef cattle industry is set for aslow rebuilding process sincedrought has further delayedherd rebuilding. Beef consump-tion and strong export demand,
however, signal a continuationof strong beef cattle pricesahead.
But dry weather and lack offorage have prevented manyranchers from retaining re-placement heifers and buildingback herds.
The Texas beef cow inven-tory is 1 million fewer since thedrought started in 2011. Oncebeef cattle producers can clearthe drought hurdle, there arefavorable opportunities for thebeef cattle market in the future,Anderson said.
“Calf prices are at a profitable
SeeOUTLOOK, Page 17
GRAIN, from Page 8
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Marek Grain Bin Co.GSI Grain Bins•Grain Handling Equipment•Hutchinson Augers•
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NewsCarrollCollier receivesNoble’sLeonardWyattaward
The Samuel Roberts NobleFoundation
ARDMORE, Okla. — TheSamuel Roberts Noble Foun-dation honored Carroll Collierwith the 2013 Leonard WyattMemorial Outstanding Coop-erator Award during the orga-nization’sall-employeemeetinglast month.As part of the organization’s
mission, the Noble Foundationprovides farmers, ranchersandother landmanagerswithguid-ance to help themachieve theirfinancial, production, steward-ship and quality-of-life goals.Collier, a rancher from WiseCounty, Texas, is one of the1,400 agricultural producerswho participate in the NobleFoundation’s no-cost consulta-tion services and educationalprograms.“The Noble Foundation of-
fers unmatched counsel andinsight,” said Collier about his
relationship with Noble. “I cancome to them if we are going topurchase a piece of equipmentand see how itwill pay out overthe years.”A farmer or rancher who
works with the Noble Founda-tion— called a cooperator— isselectedannually to receive theWyatt Award, which the orga-nization bestows on one of itsmost notable cooperators.“Carroll is an outstanding
rancher,” said Robert Wells,livestock consultant. “He is anamazing steward of the land.It has been a joy to work withsomebody as business-minded,progressive and conscientiousas Carroll.”Criteria for the Leonard
Wyatt Memorial OutstandingCooperator Award are basedon accomplishments withinthe famer’s or rancher’s opera-tion, community service andwillingness to assist other pro-ducers, said Billy Cook, seniorvice president and director ofthe Foundation’s Agricultural
Division.Besides running his 318-acre
beef cattle operation, CollierFarms, Collier serves on vari-ous agricultural boards andcommittees, including the In-tegrity Beef Program, and vol-unteers with the Chico HighSchool FFA Chapter. “Carrollexhibitsahighmoral characterand has always demonstratedan unselfish attitude towardshelping others,” said TracyMeadows,FarmServiceAgencycounty executive director.Collier’s operation was
started by his grandfather inthe early 1920s, making it a fewyearsshyof beingacenturyold;nonetheless, his practices arenothing but innovative. Collierrecently has purchased a GPSsystemtoassisthiminsprayingto bettermanage his pastures.“Iworkhardonpastureman-
agement,” Collier said. “I havea problem with these weeds inmy pastures. They take nutri-ents fromthesoil andcancauseeyeproblemsincattle.Weare in
the business of growing grass,not weeds.”In the past, Collier and his
family have operated a dairy,owned a retail supply store,
managedapeanutbuyingpointand farmed peanuts. Collierbeganhis relationshipwith theNobleFoundation in 2005whenhe transitioned solely to a beefcattle operation.“If youhaveaquestionabout
something, you can call them,and you can weigh it out anddiscuss it,”Colliersaid.“Shouldwe do this or should we not doit?We go over all that and see ifsomething is feasible.”Collier weighs the value of
eachof the decisionshemakes.When asked about the valuethe Noble Foundation holdsfor him, however, Collier said,“There is no way to set a valueon it. It’s priceless.”As winners of the Wyatt
Award, Collier will receive aplaque and belt buckle; hiswife, Jean, will receive a brace-let. Their names will be placedon a permanent plaque that isdisplayed in the AgriculturalDivision Building lobby on theNoble Foundation’s Ardmorecampus.
Photo courtesy of The Samuel RobertsNoble Foundation
Carroll Collier and his wife, Jean,receivethe 2013 Leonard Wyatt OutstandingCooperator Memorial Award at lastmonth’s Noble Foundation all-employeemeeting. Collier Farms has been in op-eration in Wise County, Texas, since theearly 1920s.
TheLand
&Livestock
Post
October2013
—Issue
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Do you have a sale or eventyou’d like listed?
Call Jesse Wright at(979) 731-4721 or email
Events Calendarollow us
facebookon
facebook.com/texasllp
OctoberOct. 18 –W4RanchAnnualProduction Sale.Morgan, TX.903-599-2403Oct. 19-Central Texas BBABeef“On” Forage Performance TestedBull Sale, Brenham, TX.Oct. 19 –Bug Country Bull Sale.Abeline, TXOct. 23 -TexasHerefordAssociation Fall Classic Bull Sale.Buffalo, TX. 903-322-4940Oct. 25 –Central TXAll BreedBull & Female Sale. Gonzales,
TX. 830-393-7576Oct. 26 –The Sale at 44 Farms.Cameron, TX. 254-697-4401Oct. 26 –OakCreek FarmsTestedRegistered Bull Sale.Chappell Hill, TX. 979-836-6832NovemberNov. 9 –Double Creek Farms2013 Fall Production Bull Sale.Meridian. TX. 254-435-2988Nov. 23–Collier FarmsBeefmasters Performance BullSale. Brenham, TX. 979-251-4175
NewsAgriLife farmmanager seesgreat change, growth
By Blair FanninTexas A&MAgriLife Extension
Service
COLLEGESTATION—Inhis29 years as farm manager, AlNelson has seen much changetake place on the sprawling1,500-acre farm near CollegeStationthatservesasaresearchand teaching platform for theTexasA&MAgriLifeExtensionService andTexasA&MAgriL-ife Research.“WhenIfirstgothere,wehad
a 4020 John Deere with 8,000hours on it,” he said. “Thatwasabout the best tractor we had.Nowwe have a 310 horsepowerCase IH.”
Andthroughtheyears irriga-tionmethodsalsohavechanged.He said the current drip tapetechnology is innovative, buthas a way to go.“I’m not sure if you can put
fertilizer through it, but it’scoming,” he said. “Nozzles oncenter pivot irrigation havebeen converted to aLESA (LowElevation Spray Application)system. That’s been a changefor the better.”Perhaps the most drastic
change has been drought,which altered irrigation in-tervals throughout 2012. Thefarm’s permit to draw irriga-tionwater from theBrazosRiv-er temporarily was suspended
by the Brazos River Authoritylast year, but lifted in Januarythrough May, Nelson said. Af-ter that, the farmhaspurchasedwater fromtheBrazosRiverAu-thority for irrigation.Nelson said about 350 acres
of research trials canusewaterfrom wells, but the water flowhadtobecut inhalf tomaintainpressure, he said.Nelson said the farm crew—
EdwardMacik,DonaldJakubikand Tom Moser — maintainsthe farm’s infrastructure forAgriLife Research and AgriL-ife Extension efforts. Cashcropping allows for purchasesof new equipment and pays forongoing maintenance of farm
Irrigation methods have also changedthrough the years.
Texas A&MAgriLife Extension Service photos by Blair FanninAl Nelson, farm manager, shows off cotton grown on the 1,500-acre farm near College Station that serves as a research andteaching platform for the Texas A&MAgriLife Extension Service and Texas A&MAgriLife Research.
operations.A career highlight forNelson
was a four-month stay in Iraqin 2009, part of an agriculturalteamfromtheNormanBorlaugInstitute at TexasA&MUniver-sityhelping torestore Iraqi foodand fiber production.“Igot into itnotknowingwhat
to expect. I went into it with anopenmindanditwasabsolutelyan incredible experience,” Nel-son said.Nelson’s group was assigned
to the Anbar Province. Eachday the team would conductfield activities and assess vari-ous aspects of agricultural pro-duction. At the end of the day,Borlaug team members wouldcompile field notes and discusssolutions for addressing theproblems.Nelson said the whole Iraqi
experiencewas onehewill nev-er forget — from the wide vari-ety of food to the camaraderieshared with a cross-section ofpeople.
“I came away from that expe-rience with a sense of accom-plishment,” he said.
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level, but you can’t expand dueto drought,” he said.
Joe Outlaw, co-director of theAgricultural and Food PolicyCenter at Texas A&M and Ex-tension economist, provided afarm program update.
He said versions of a newFarm Bill by the U.S. Houseand Senate differ and it’s stillunclear when new legislationwill be passed. In the meantime,Outlaw said, when and if a newprogram is approved, it will bea switch from traditional com-modity program tools to moreinsurance tools.
Outlook, from Page 14
TheLand
&Livestock
Post
October2013
—Issue
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17
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October2013
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News
means using the same breedfor both sires and dams.
“The first combinationbreed in the United States wasthe American Brahman, cre-ated by combining several Bosindicus (humped) breeds im-ported directly from India orby way of Brazil,” Hammacksaid.
“A number of breeds havebeen created in the southernUnited States, especially inTexas, by combining differentbiological types. Most of thesecontain Brahman and Britishor, in a few cases, Brahmanand Continental Europeanbreeds.
“These combinations aregenerally called Americanbreeds. More recently, someBritish and Continental com-
binations have been made.These are less common, butare increasing in number,”Hammack said.
“There are few drawbacksfrom the use of hybrid vigor incommercial cow-calf produc-tion if a few simple conceptsare followed,” Paschal said.“Select a crossbreeding systemthat is efficient and feasible foryour level of management andis easily maintained.
“Choose breeds that haveproductive value as crosseswithin your cowherd, in yourenvironment and for yourmarket.”
Additional information isfound inTexas Adapted Ge-netic Strategies IV. BreedingSystems that can be accessedat animalscience.tamu.edu/main/academics/beef/pubs.html.
BREEDING:Crossing the right cattle can improveherd strengthFrom Page 12
Photos by Robert FearsTop right, is an example of a Brahman/Braunvieh combination. Above is anexample of Angus/Charolaise/Braham combination. Below, is a Brahman/Angus/Hereford combination.
TheLand
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October2013
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Questions AboutCattle Health?
Ask the Vet!
P.O. Box 3000 Bryan, TX 77805or [email protected]
Submit your questions to:
SteveWikse - Retired DVM Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University
WIKSE
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NewsLIVESTOCK MARKET REPORT
Brazos ValleyResults of the Brazos Valley Livestock
Commission’s Sept. 24 sale:Head: 1,068Steers: 200-300 lbs., $195-$230;
300-400 lbs.,$180-$225;400-500 lbs.,$162-$210; 500-600 lbs., $140-$168;600-700 lbs.,$138-$155;700-800 lbs.,$133-$138.
Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $174-$205,300-400 lbs.,$165-$195;400-500 lbs.,$144-$167; 500-600 lbs., $132-$153;600-700 lbs.,$120-$136;700-800 lbs.,$122-$134.
Slaughter bulls: $82-$95.50.Slaughter cows: $65-$82.Bred cows: $950-$1,550.Cow/calf pairs: $900-$1,690
BuffaloResults of the Buffalo Livestock Mar-
keting’s Sept. 21 sale:Head: 1,051Steers: 150-200 lbs., $200-$265;
200-300 lbs.,$195-$260;300-400 lbs.,$165-$232; 400-500 lbs., $150-$212;500-600 lbs.,$135-$170;600-700 lbs.,$129-$159; 700-800 lbs., $120-$140.
Heifers: 150-200 lbs., $180-$235;200-300 lbs.,$165-$230;300-400 lbs.,$150-$190; 400-500 lbs., $135-$177;500-600 lbs.,$135-$157;600-700 lbs.,$120-$142; 700-800 lbs., $110-$133.
Slaughter bulls: $82-$99.
Slaughter cows: $55-$86.Bred cows: $975-$1,425.Cow/calf pairs: $1,000-$1,700
CaldwellResultsof theCaldwell LivestockCom-
mission’s Sept. 25 sale:Head: 725Steers: 200-300 lbs., $200-$260;
300-400 lbs.,$200-$250;400-500 lbs.,$160-$195; 500-600 lbs., $150-$170;600-700 lbs.,$140-$160;700-800 lbs.,$125-$140.
Heifers: 200-300 lbs., $200-$220;300-400 lbs.,$180-$210;400-500 lbs.,$155-$190; 500-600 lbs., $140-$170;600-700 lbs.,$135-$145;700-800 lbs.,$120-$130.
Slaughter bulls: $83-$95.Slaughter cows: $60-$82.Stocker cows: $800-$1,350.
GroesbeckResults of the Groesbeck Auction and
Livestock Exchange’s Sept.19 sale:Head: 803.Steers: 300-400 lbs., $190-$220;
400-500 lbs.,$178-$195;500-600 lbs.,$160-$170; 600-700 lbs., $145-$160.
Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $180-$200;400-500 lbs.,$165-$175;500-600 lbs.,$145-$160; 600-700 lbs., $135-$155.
Slaughter bulls: $90-$101.Slaughter cows: $63-$83.
Stocker cows: $800-$1,600.Cow/calf pairs: $900-$1,600.
MilanoResults of the Milano Livestock Ex-
change’s Sept. 24 sale:Head: 490.Steers: 300-400 lbs., $132-$215;
400-500 lbs.,$120-$197;500-600 lbs.,$125-$177; 600-700 lbs., $110-$153.
Heifers: 300-400 lbs., $130-$193;400-500 lbs.,$125-$179;500-600 lbs.,$117-$157; 600-700 lbs., $111-$151.
Slaughter bulls: $90-$95.Slaughter cows: $60-$88.Stocker cows: $985-$1,350.
NavasotaResultsof theNavasotaLivestockAuc-
tion Co.’s Sept. 21 sale:Head: 909.Steers: 150-300 lbs., $150-$250;
300-400 lbs.,$150-$210;400-500 lbs.,$125-$200; 500-600 lbs., $120-$157;600-700 lbs., $115-$157.
Heifers: 150-300 lbs., $135-$230;300-400 lbs., $130-$180; 400-500lbs., $120-$165; 500-600 lbs., $115-$152.50; 600-700 lbs., $115-$140.
Slaughter bulls: $80-$100.Slaughter cows: $65-$84.Stocker cows: $750-$1,450.Cow/calf pairs: $1,200-$1,425
—Special to The Post
TheLand
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October2013
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CALL FOR A QUOTE!!
november 15, 2013Deadline for 2014 Policy Year
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