Upload
maegan-huggins
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What is Genetic Engineering?
Genetic Engineering is a process that scientists use to ______ the ________
instructions in organisms.alter genetic
Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits?
DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits.
Why would scientists want to alter the genetic instructions of
organisms?
+
Scientists can generate organisms with desired
characteristics.
How is DNA Modified?
Step 1: DNA is first _________________ from cells.
DNA
+..ATGAATTCT....TACTTAAGA..
DNA
..ATGAATTCT..
..TACTTAAGA..
extracted (removed)
Step 2: DNA is then cut into smaller pieces with ____________________
ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA
Restriction enzymes are “scissor-like” enzymes that _________ and ___ specific sequences in the ____.
ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA
Restriction Enzymes.
recognize cutDNA
What base sequences were these Restriction Enzymes specific for?
ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA
ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA
GA
“Sticky Ends”
“Sticky Ends”
Step 3: The cut DNA sequence is then _________ with the DNA of ________ organism.
+
Cut DNACut DNA fromanother cell
DNAfrom 2 sources
ATG AATTCTTACTTAA GA
ATGAATTCTTACTTAAGA
combined another
Gene Splicing
The process that allows scientists to _______ pieces of ____ segments to the
____ of other organisms is called: ______________
DNALigase
attach DNADNA
GENE SPLICING
“Cut DNA”
+“Cut DNA”
Recombinant DNA
Step 4: The _________________ is then placed inside a living cell.
What will the recombined DNA do?
It will allow for the production of _________
from _____ sources of DNA.
recombinant DNA
proteinsboth
Applications of Genetic Engineering:
1)Scientists can target and identify a _____.
2)Cut the gene with __________________.
gene
restriction enzymes
3)This gene is then _________ to the DNA of another
organism.
4)Once in the new organism, the transferred genes direct the new organism’s cells to make the same ________ as the original organism.
“spliced”
protein
How can we alter the genetic material of bacteria to produce human insulin?
Step 1: DNA is removed from a human cell and insulin gene is cut with____________________Restriction Enzymes.
Step 2: Plasmid is removed from a bacterial cell and is cut with ___________________Restriction Enzymes.
Step 3: Insulin Gene and Bacterial Plasmid are _______ together to form _________________Recombinant DNASpliced